服務(wù)器停電后尔艇，重啟順序

1、將外置移動(dòng)硬盤或者機(jī)械硬盤拔出么鹤；
2终娃、進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)，選擇內(nèi)核版本139的系統(tǒng)蒸甜；
3棠耕、重新插入拔出的硬盤余佛；
4、檢查顯卡情況窍荧；

watch -n 1 nvidia-smi

5辉巡、啟動(dòng)VNCserver；

vncserver

每運(yùn)行一次蕊退，多開(kāi)一個(gè)端口
6郊楣、查看其他保存情況。

ubuntu 新建用戶

1. 切換至root

sudo su

2. 添加新用戶

sudo useradd -r -m -s /bin/bash lhz

創(chuàng)建用戶瓤荔，自動(dòng)在/home/目錄下創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)的文件夾

sudo adduser lhz

3. 配置新用戶密碼

sudo passwd lhz

4. 給新添加的用戶增加ROOT權(quán)限

sudo vi /etc/sudoers

然后添加：
用戶名 ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

linux中用adduser和useradd命令創(chuàng)建用戶

5. 刪除用戶
   一開(kāi)始報(bào)錯(cuò)净蚤，后來(lái)關(guān)閉進(jìn)程后刪掉用戶

(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ sudo userdel -r  public
userdel: user public is currently used by process 18219

(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ sudo su
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# userdel public
userdel: user public is currently used by process 18219
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# kill -9 18219
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# userdel public
userdel: user public is currently used by process 18250
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# kill -9 18250
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# userdel public
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# exit
(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ su public
No passwd entry for user 'public'
(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ sudo public
sudo: public: command not found

6. 查看所有用戶信息

sudo vim /etc/passwd

7.切換用戶/root

su lhz

8.查看當(dāng)前用戶所在的用戶組

id -Gn
groups

9. 將用戶加入到某個(gè)用戶組/sudo組

sudo adduser lhz scw4750
sudo adduser lhz sudo

或者

su scw4750
groups lhz
sudo usermod -G sudo lhz
groups lhz

10. 修改文件夾所有者

chown -R scw4750:lhz liuhz/

11. 刪除用戶

sudo deluser lhz --remove-home

Linux 清除內(nèi)存的 Cache、Buffer 和交換空間

1输硝、在 Linux 中清除緩存（Cache）

清除頁(yè)面緩存（PageCache）

sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches今瀑、

清除目錄項(xiàng)和inode

sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

清除頁(yè)面緩存，目錄項(xiàng)和inode

sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

這里使用了 "echo 3"点把，但是不推薦使用在產(chǎn)品環(huán)境中橘荠，應(yīng)該使用 "echo 1"

echo "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

2、清除Linux的交換空間

swapoff -a && swapon -a

3郎逃、將上面兩種命令結(jié)合成一個(gè)命令哥童，寫成正確的腳本來(lái)同時(shí)清除RAM緩存和交換空間

echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches && swapoff -a && swapon -a && printf '\n%s\n' 'Ram-cache and Swap Cleared'
或者
su -c 'echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches' && swapoff -a && swapon -a && printf '\n%s\n' 'Ram-cache and Swap Cleared'

顯卡丟失問(wèn)題解決

NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

解決參考

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends nvidia-384 libcuda1-384 nvidia-opencl-icd-384
sudo reboot

由于我們服務(wù)器驅(qū)動(dòng)為390.87，因此按照如下指令

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends nvidia-390 libcuda1-390 nvidia-opencl-icd-390
sudo reboot

如果重啟后光標(biāo)閃爍衣厘，不進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)如蚜，則切換內(nèi)核版本

NVIDIA顯卡報(bào)錯(cuò)并重裝

NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn’t communicate with the NVIDIA driver. 
Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

1. 卸載原驅(qū)動(dòng)

sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia*

2. 更新源

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update

3. 查看當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)推薦你安裝的驅(qū)動(dòng)版本

ubuntu-drivers devices

4.安裝

sudo apt-get install nvidia-384

5.查看是否成功

nvidia-smi

Anaconda 虛擬環(huán)境

1、環(huán)境配置
下載anaconda.sh文件并運(yùn)行腳本

sudo sh Anaconda3-5.3.0-Linux-x86_64.sh 

... # 多次按空格讀完license影暴。
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes # 輸入yes

[/home/andrew/anaconda3] >>> /usr/local/anaconda3 # 輸入自定義目錄

Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
in your /home/andrew/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> # 選擇yes

進(jìn)入bashrc文件中

ouc@ouc:~/Desktop$ gedit ~/.bashrc

添加需要補(bǔ)充的Anaconda環(huán)境

# added by Miniconda3 installer
export PATH="/home/ouc/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"

#export PATH  ="/home/ouc/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"

#export PATH="/usr/bin/python2.7:$PATH"

最后修改完成后執(zhí)行語(yǔ)句

ouc@ouc:~/Desktop$ source ~/.bashrc

2错邦、查看當(dāng)前用戶安裝的虛擬環(huán)境

conda create -n envname python=3.7

lhz@s-desktop:/media/disk/liuhongzhi/EncripGAN/EncripGAN0215$ conda info -e
WARNING: The conda.compat module is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
# conda environments:
#
py36tf14                 /home/lhz/.conda/envs/py36tf14
py36tf18                 /home/lhz/.conda/envs/py36tf18
py36torch04              /home/lhz/.conda/envs/py36torch04
sphere                   /home/lhz/.conda/envs/sphere
base                  *  /media/disk/liuhongzhi/anaconda3
con1                     /media/disk/liuhongzhi/anaconda3/envs/con1
encrip                   /media/disk/liuhongzhi/anaconda3/envs/encrip

lhz@s-desktop:/media/disk/liuhongzhi/EncripGAN/EncripGAN0215$ conda activate encrip
(encrip) lhz@s-desktop:/media/disk/liuhongzhi/EncripGAN/EncripGAN0215$
(encrip) lhz@s-desktop:/media/disk/liuhongzhi/EncripGAN/EncripGAN0215$ conda deactivate

3、添加清華鏡像源型宙，修改~/.condarc

首先在終端中運(yùn)行

conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

channels:
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud

tuna添加清華鏡像源

lhz@scw4750:~$ conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
lhz@scw4750:~$ conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/

4撬呢、conda: command not found 問(wèn)題

lhz@scw4750:~$ vi ~/.bashrc

最后一行加上

export PATH=$PATH:/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/bin

保存更改運(yùn)行

source ~/.bashrc

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
        # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
        # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
        # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
        color_prompt=yes
    else
        color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<
export PATH=$PATH:/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/bin
                                                       

5.顯示conda信息

lhz@scw4750:~$ conda info

     active environment : None
            shell level : 0
       user config file : /home/lhz/.condarc
 populated config files : /home/lhz/.condarc
          conda version : 4.7.12
    conda-build version : 3.18.9
         python version : 3.7.4.final.0
       virtual packages : __cuda=10.1
       base environment : /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3  (read only)
           channel URLs : https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64
                          https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/noarch
                          https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64
                          https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/noarch
                          https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r/linux-64
                          https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r/noarch
          package cache : /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/pkgs
                          /home/lhz/.conda/pkgs
       envs directories : /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/envs
                          /home/lhz/.conda/envs
               platform : linux-64
             user-agent : conda/4.7.12 requests/2.22.0 CPython/3.7.4 Linux/4.15.0-72-generic ubuntu/16.04.6 glibc/2.23
                UID:GID : 1002:1002
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False

如果保存環(huán)境到/home/lhz/.conda/envs路徑時(shí)，需要修改~/.condarc中的pkgs_dirs和envs_dirs
修改conda環(huán)境和緩存默認(rèn)路徑

lhz@scw4750:~$ vi ~/.condarc

auto_activate_base: false
channels:
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pkgs_dirs:
  - /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/pkgs
  - /home/lhz/.conda/pkgs
envs_dirs:
  - /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/envs
  - /home/lhz/.conda/envs

6. 讓Anaconda不再自動(dòng)進(jìn)入虛擬環(huán)境base

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

7. 卸載Anaconda環(huán)境

# 卸載包
# 刪除指定環(huán)境中的指定包
conda remove --name snowflakes biopython

# 卸載環(huán)境
# --all參數(shù)表示移除環(huán)境中的所有軟件包妆兑，即刪除整個(gè)環(huán)境
conda remove --name envname --all

Ubuntu 命令行方式安裝魂拦、啟動(dòng)、設(shè)置和鏈接 teamviewer

1搁嗓、下載軟件
wget http://download.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_i386.deb

2芯勘、更新依賴及安裝指令
sudo apt-get update
出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤：sudo apt-get update -f
sudo dpkg -i teamviewer_i386.deb

3、停止teamviewer
sudo teamviewer –daemon stop

4腺逛、修改配置文件
打開(kāi)文件：vim /opt/teamviewer/config/global.conf
增加內(nèi)容：
EulaAccepted = 1
EulaAcceptedRevision = 6

5荷愕、啟動(dòng)teamviewer
sudo teamviewer –daemon start

6、設(shè)置登錄密碼
sudo teamviewer –passwd 123456

7、獲取TeamviewerID
teamviewer –info print id
或
teamviewer –info

8安疗、teamviewer啟動(dòng)失敗

s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ teamviewer –daemon start
Init...
CheckCPU: SSE2 support: yes
XRandRWait: No value set. Using default.
XRandRWait: Started by user.
Checking setup...
Launching TeamViewer ...
Launching TeamViewer GUI ...

解決辦法：

s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ htop
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ sudo kill -9 1480
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ teamviewer –daemon start

Init...
CheckCPU: SSE2 support: yes
XRandRWait: No value set. Using default.
XRandRWait: Started by user.
Checking setup...
Launching TeamViewer ...
Launching TeamViewer GUI ...
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ teamviewer &
[1] 22653
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ 
Init...
CheckCPU: SSE2 support: yes
XRandRWait: No value set. Using default.
XRandRWait: Started by user.
Checking setup...
Launching TeamViewer ...
Launching TeamViewer GUI ...

Ubuntu 常用軟件包安裝

• Ristretto image viewer

# Install Howto
# Update the package index:
sudo apt-get update
# Install ristretto deb package:
sudo apt-get install ristretto

參考鏈接 ristretto_0.8.0-1_amd64.deb

VNC常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題

Ubuntu VNCserver

1. 打開(kāi)VNC抛杨，查看端口可用

vncserver -list

查看vncserver已用端口的命令

(base) lhz@s-desktop:~$ ps -ef | grep vnc

2. 刪除端口

vncserver -kill :3

3. VNC 黑屏和accept clipboard from viewer
   連接上VNC后桌面黑屏什么都沒(méi)有，又比如連接上后桌面左上角有3個(gè)選擇框關(guān)不掉荐类，選擇內(nèi)容為 Accept clipboard from viewer Send clipboard to viewer Send premary seletion to viewer

解決方法：
(1). 編輯vnc的配置文件怖现，文件位置為： /root/.vnc/xstartup

vi  /root/.vnc/xstartup 

(2).修改部分內(nèi)容

#!/bin/sh

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
#unset SESSION_MANAGER
#exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
#xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#twm &

改為

#!/bin/sh

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
#xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#twm &
gnome-session &

4.修改分辨率
查看vnc進(jìn)程：

ps -ef | grep vnc

該命令可以列出當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)上所有用戶vnc界面的端口號(hào)，分辨率等信息玉罐。
我們要用到的只是端口號(hào)屈嗤。

殺掉vnc端口對(duì)應(yīng)的進(jìn)程

vncserver -kill :5

我的端口號(hào)是5

啟動(dòng)vnc服務(wù)器
vncserver :5
啟動(dòng)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，與自己的電腦桌面相比界面比較小厌小，點(diǎn)擊全屏后恢共，原來(lái)多余的部分都變成黑色的了。
通過(guò)上面說(shuō)的查看vnc進(jìn)程命令后發(fā)現(xiàn)有個(gè)信息-geometry 1024x768璧亚，這說(shuō)明vnc的默認(rèn)分辨率是1024x768讨韭，而我的筆記本分辨率是1366x768。所以要全屏癣蟋，只需要修改分辨率即可透硝。

修改vnc分辨率
修改分辨率的命令為：

vncserver -geometry 1920x1080 :5

在這里要注意一點(diǎn)，在vnc server運(yùn)行期間疯搅，使用該命令是會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的：‘A VNC server is already running as :5’

所以濒生，在修改vnc分辨率之前，我們需要先將vnc server關(guān)閉幔欧。用上面說(shuō)過(guò)的-kill命令殺掉vnc端口對(duì)應(yīng)的進(jìn)程即可罪治。

或者可以采用以下方法：

lhz@s-desktop:~$ sudo vi /usr/bin/vncserver

#
# Global variables.  You may want to configure some of these for your site.
#

$geometry = "1920x1080";      #可以修改分辨率
$depth = 16;

然后再運(yùn)行命令修改分辨率即可。之后登錄vnc界面就可以看到界面的大小已經(jīng)改變了礁蔗。
參考鏈接 修改VNC的分辨率

5. 登錄VNC桌面時(shí)觉义，發(fā)現(xiàn)在終端中使用tab補(bǔ)全相關(guān)命令時(shí)，會(huì)不起作用
   方法是在遠(yuǎn)程桌面中進(jìn)行設(shè)置浴井，路徑是：打開(kāi)菜單—設(shè)置—窗口管理器晒骇，Settings-Window manager-Keyboard-Switch window-clear，由此可以在終端進(jìn)行指令補(bǔ)全
   參考鏈接 學(xué)習(xí)ubuntu遠(yuǎn)程桌面（一）：配置遠(yuǎn)程桌面

阿里云服務(wù)器反向端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

外網(wǎng)服務(wù)器 IP: remote-host
外網(wǎng)用戶名: ouc03

指令含義

-f 后臺(tái)執(zhí)行ssh指令
-C 允許壓縮數(shù)據(jù)
-N 不執(zhí)行遠(yuǎn)程指令
-R 將遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)(服務(wù)器)的某個(gè)端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到本地端指定機(jī)器的指定端口
-L 將本地機(jī)(客戶機(jī))的某個(gè)端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到遠(yuǎn)端指定機(jī)器的指定端口
-p 指定遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)的端口

1. 在內(nèi)網(wǎng)服務(wù)器上操作磺浙，建立內(nèi)網(wǎng)到外網(wǎng)的反向代理洪囤，并檢驗(yàn)是否已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)

7275 為阿里云服務(wù)器綁定端口號(hào)（需要在阿里云工作臺(tái)配置安全組規(guī)則開(kāi)啟）
22為 SSH 連接固定端口號(hào)（本地實(shí)驗(yàn)室服務(wù)器端口）

lhz@scw4750:~$ ssh -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 ouc03@remote-host
lhz@scw4750:~$ ps aux | grep ssh
root      1268  0.0  0.0  65512  6304 ?        Ss   1月03   0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root      1440  0.0  0.0  94928  6988 ?        Ss   08:55   0:00 sshd: videoudsd [priv]
videoud+  1544  0.0  0.0  94928  4456 ?        S    08:55   0:01 sshd: videoudsd@pts/5
root      6961  0.0  0.0  94928  6896 ?        Ss   1月16   0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz       7071  0.0  0.0  94928  3456 ?        S    1月16   0:10 sshd: lhz@pts/1
root      8629  0.0  0.0  94928  6840 ?        Ss   1月16   0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz       8666  0.0  0.0  94928  3424 ?        S    1月16   0:05 sshd: lhz@pts/2
root     16107  0.0  0.0  94928  6916 ?        Ss   13:16   0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz      16216  0.0  0.0  94928  3220 ?        S    13:16   0:00 sshd: lhz@pts/9
root     17142  0.0  0.0  95008  7124 ?        Ss   10:20   0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz      17201  0.0  0.0  95296  4304 ?        S    10:20   0:00 sshd: lhz@notty
lhz      20787  0.0  0.0  45212  2864 ?        Ss   13:41   0:00 ssh -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 ouc03@47.102.120.134
root     21230  0.0  0.0  94928  6960 ?        Ss   13:44   0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz      21289  0.0  0.0  94928  3592 ?        S    13:44   0:00 sshd: lhz@pts/8
root     23343  0.0  0.0  94928  7020 ?        Ss   13:54   0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz      23389  0.0  0.0  94928  3096 ?        S    13:54   0:00 sshd: lhz@pts/10
lhz      24981  0.0  0.0  45212   780 ?        Ss   14:03   0:00 ssh -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 ouc03@47.102.120.134
lhz      25019  0.0  0.0  21292   972 pts/9    S+   14:03   0:00 grep --color=auto ssh

(base) [intern2@172-10-60-160 ssh]$ ssh -o serveraliveinterval=60 -fCNR 7257:localhost:22 airia160@remote-host

2. 在外網(wǎng)服務(wù)器上建立正向代理，用來(lái)做轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)撕氧。
   7274端口為本地轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)端口瘤缩，負(fù)責(zé)和外網(wǎng)進(jìn)行通信，并將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的7275這個(gè)端口伦泥，實(shí)現(xiàn)了可以從其他機(jī)器訪問(wèn)的功能款咖，并從7274端口登錄

ouc03@iZuf6bd4deudifh44e6p12Z:~$ ssh -fCNL *:7274:localhost:7275 localhost
ouc03@iZuf6bd4deudifh44e6p12Z:~$ ps aux | grep ssh
root     19700  0.0  0.2  59420  5920 ?        Ss   13:22   0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root     20035  0.0  0.3  93460  7016 ?        Ss   13:28   0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03    20065  0.0  0.1  93460  3300 ?        S    13:28   0:00 sshd: ouc03@pts/0
root     20082  0.0  0.3  93428  6892 ?        Ss   13:34   0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02    20113  0.0  0.2  93836  5068 ?        S    13:34   0:00 sshd: ouc02
root     20114  0.0  0.3  93428  7112 ?        Ss   13:34   0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02    20137  0.0  0.1  93428  3492 ?        S    13:34   0:00 sshd: ouc02@pts/1
root     20164  0.0  0.3  93460  6736 ?        Ss   13:35   0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02    20166  0.0  0.0  37380   740 ?        Ss   13:35   0:00 ssh -fCNL *:7279:localhost:7278 localhost
ouc02    20188  0.0  0.2  93636  4952 ?        S    13:35   0:00 sshd: ouc02
ouc02    20225  0.0  0.2  36680  5276 pts/1    S+   13:36   0:00 ssh -p7278 gds@47.102.120.134
root     20226  0.0  0.3  93540  7132 ?        Ss   13:38   0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02    20249  0.0  0.1  93540  3464 ?        S    13:38   0:00 sshd: ouc02@pts/2
ouc02    20269  0.0  0.2  36684  4452 pts/2    S+   13:39   0:00 ssh -p7278 gds@47.102.120.134
root     20338  0.0  0.3  93432  6856 ?        Ss   13:42   0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02    20361  0.0  0.2  93704  4656 ?        S    13:42   0:00 sshd: ouc02
root     20362  0.0  0.3  93432  7064 ?        Ss   13:43   0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02    20386  0.0  0.1  93432  3232 ?        S    13:43   0:00 sshd: ouc02@pts/3
root     20402  0.0  0.3  93460  6708 ?        Ss   13:43   0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03    20404  0.0  0.1  37380  2444 ?        Ss   13:43   0:00 ssh -fCNL *:7274:localhost:7275 localhost
ouc03    20426  0.0  0.2  93636  4924 ?        S    13:43   0:00 sshd: ouc03
ouc02    20429  0.0  0.2  36684  4412 pts/3    S+   13:43   0:00 ssh -p7278 gds@47.102.120.134
ouc03    20430  0.0  0.2  36676  5484 pts/0    S+   13:44   0:00 ssh -p7275 lhz@47.102.120.134
root     20506  0.0  0.3  93460  6932 ?        Ss   13:51   0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03    20529  0.0  0.1  93460  3288 ?        S    13:51   0:00 sshd: ouc03@pts/5
root     20618  0.0  0.3  93432  6856 ?        Ss   13:52   0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02    20641  0.0  0.2  93704  4644 ?        S    13:52   0:00 sshd: ouc02
root     20777  0.0  0.3  93432  7064 ?        Ss   14:03   0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02    20800  0.0  0.2  93704  4900 ?        S    14:03   0:00 sshd: ouc02
root     20801  0.0  0.3  93428  6896 ?        Ss   14:03   0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03    20824  0.0  0.2  93704  4680 ?        S    14:03   0:00 sshd: ouc03
root     20828  0.0  0.3  93460  7028 ?        Ss   14:05   0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03    20851  0.0  0.1  93460  3300 ?        S    14:05   0:00 sshd: ouc03@pts/4
root     20867  0.0  0.3  93460  6600 ?        Ss   14:05   0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03    20869  0.0  0.0  37380   732 ?        Ss   14:05   0:00 ssh -fCNL *:7274:localhost:7275 localhost
ouc03    20891  0.0  0.2  93636  4744 ?        S    14:05   0:00 sshd: ouc03
ouc03    20893  0.0  0.0  14220   928 pts/4    S+   14:06   0:00 grep --color=auto ssh

3. 用SSH連接

ouc03@iZuf6bd4deudifh44e6p12Z:~$ ssh -p7274 lhz@remote-host
lhz@remote-host's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-72-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

95 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

New release '18.04.3 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.

*** System restart required ***
Last login: Fri Jan 17 14:09:34 2020 from 127.0.0.1

4. 建立穩(wěn)定隧道

lhz@scw4750:~$ autossh -M 7273 -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes ouc03@remote-host

利用ssh反向代理以及autossh實(shí)現(xiàn)從外網(wǎng)連接內(nèi)網(wǎng)服務(wù)器

autossh的參數(shù)與ssh的參數(shù)是一致的何暮，但是不同的是，在隧道斷開(kāi)的時(shí)候铐殃，autossh會(huì)自動(dòng)重新連接而ssh不會(huì)。另外不同的是需要指出的-M參數(shù)蜡歹，這個(gè)參數(shù)指定一個(gè)端口敞葛，這個(gè)端口是外網(wǎng)的B機(jī)器用來(lái)接收內(nèi)網(wǎng)A機(jī)器的信息琉朽，如果隧道不正常而返回給A機(jī)器讓他實(shí)現(xiàn)重新連接。

5. 查看端口使用情況

ouc03@iZuf6bd4deudifh44e6p12Z:~$ netstat -tln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7273            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7274            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7278            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7279            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::7274                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::7279                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN     

6. 配置開(kāi)機(jī)自啟
   Ubuntu14.04以下寫入 /etc/rc.local 的 exit 0 之前

su - lab-user -c autossh -M 7274 -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes ouc03@remote-host

在 Ubuntu16.04+ 中實(shí)現(xiàn)開(kāi)機(jī)自啟要復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)

sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/autossh.service

[Unit]
Description=Start autossh to aliyun at startup.
After=network.target
[Service]
User=lab-user
Group=lab-user
Environment="AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/autossh -M 7281 -CNR 7280:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes remote-user@remote-host
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

注意：
a. 上面 autossh 命令沒(méi)有 -f 選項(xiàng)赘被，因?yàn)?systemd 不支持，"AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0" 已經(jīng)有這個(gè)作用了肖揣。
b. 上面的 User民假、Group 字段對(duì)應(yīng) lab-user 用戶的用戶名、用戶組龙优，意思是使用 lab-user 這個(gè)用戶執(zhí)行上面的 service羊异。如果不加 User、Group 字段彤断，上面的 service 在開(kāi)機(jī)時(shí)會(huì)由 root 用戶執(zhí)行野舶，所以 root 用戶應(yīng)該能夠免密碼登錄 remote-host 才行，否則會(huì)報(bào) Host key verification failed 的錯(cuò)誤宰衙。

[Unit]
Description=Start autossh to aliyun at startup.
After=network.target
[Service]
User=lhz
Group=lhz
Environment="AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/autossh -M 7273 -CNR 7275:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes ouc03@remote-host
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

然后運(yùn)行：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable autossh.service
sudo systemctl start autossh.service

利用 sudo systemctl status autossh.service 檢查運(yùn)行狀態(tài)平道。

7. 將服務(wù)器某些端口內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到本地端口
   例如，服務(wù)器正在用 tensorboard 在 6006 端口可視化 loss供炼，然后將該端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到阿里云服務(wù)器的 5000 端口：

# 在實(shí)驗(yàn)室服務(wù)器執(zhí)行
$ ssh -CNR *:5000:localhost:6006 remote-user@remote-host

在瀏覽器打開(kāi) remote-host:5000 即可訪問(wèn)一屋。

8. 將本地文件傳到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器
   (1) 不需要連代理服務(wù)器

scp filename user@HostName:route
scp -r filedir user@HostName:route

(2)連接代理服務(wù)器

scp filename Host:route
scp -r filedir Host:route

9. 將遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器文件傳到本地
   (1) 不需要連代理服務(wù)器

scp user@HostName:route filename 
scp -r  user@HostName:route filedir

(2)連接代理服務(wù)器

scp  Host:route filename
scp  -r  Host:route  filedir

hzq@hzq:~/Medical$ scp -r -P 7256 intern2@remote-host:/data/jay/lhz/Methods/ScaledYOLOv4/ScaledYOLOv4/runs/exp3_yolov4-csp/*.jpg ./

10. 注意事項(xiàng)

• ssh認(rèn)第一個(gè)輸入指令，autossh前清掉之前的ssh命令(直到連接不上)袋哼，否則連接會(huì)斷
• 可以運(yùn)行長(zhǎng)時(shí)間交互命令冀墨，比如ifstat等
• 目前可以連接27和38服務(wù)器

(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ autossh -M 7260 -fCNR 7261:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes ouc03@remote-host

參考鏈接
利用ssh反向代理以及autossh實(shí)現(xiàn)從外網(wǎng)連接內(nèi)網(wǎng)服務(wù)器
利用阿里云服務(wù)器配置反向端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) <實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部論壇>

VSCode 遠(yuǎn)程開(kāi)發(fā)含免密操作

1. 在本地生成密鑰對(duì)

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your email"

# 或者 
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

在遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器進(jìn)行相同的操作

ssh-keygen -t rsa

2.將本地公鑰保存到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器上，讓遠(yuǎn)程機(jī)器的authorized_keys中包含公鑰內(nèi)容先嬉，用于免密操作

# 本地
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ouc03@remote-host:/home/authorized_keys

# 遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器
cd ~/.ssh/
scp ouc03@remote-host:/home/authorized_keys ./
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
# 可選操作
sudo service ssh restart

3. VSCode 配置

選擇遠(yuǎn)程資源資源管理器(電腦帶箭頭)->配置(configure 齒輪形狀)
選擇橫條里選擇：/home/henry/.ssh/config

Host lab
    HostName XX.XXX.XXX.XXX
    User henry
    Port 7251

Host 顯示在連接選項(xiàng)中的名字,
HostName 你的ssh服務(wù)器的地址
User 你登錄ssh時(shí)的用戶名
即可完成配置

參考鏈接：
vscode remote ssh 遠(yuǎn)程開(kāi)發(fā)免密登陸方法
VSCode 遠(yuǎn)程開(kāi)發(fā)(帶免密)

4. 打開(kāi)服務(wù)器端的html文件

連接遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器后轧苫，按 shift+ctrl+x 安裝 HTML Preview 插件。
右鍵選擇 Open preview 或者 ctrl + shift + v即可打開(kāi)遠(yuǎn)程端的html文件疫蔓。

html預(yù)覽圖

Ubuntu終端配置clash

1含懊、配置clash

創(chuàng)建 clash 文件夾
mkdir clash && cd  clash

下載 Clash 文件，撰寫此教程時(shí)最新版本為v1.41衅胀，所以下載命令為 wget -N --no-check-certificate [https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/download/v1.4.1/clash-linux-amd64-v1.4.1.gz](https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/download/v1.4.1/clash-linux-amd64-v1.4.1.gz)

gunzip clash-linux-amd64-v1.4.1.gz

將解壓后的文件重命名為 clash

# 賦予 Clash 執(zhí)行權(quán)限
chmod +x clash 

wget -O config.yaml 托管鏈接(ss)

./clash -d .

2. 終端使用clash并使用wget下載

export http_proxy=http://proxyAddress:port

eg. 走的http的代理端口是7890
export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890

export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890

用命令$ curl cip.cc檢查終端是否處于代理狀態(tài)岔乔。

wget模擬瀏覽器下載
wget --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0" "https://storage.googleapis.com/kaggle-data-sets/654585/1157209/bundle/archive.zip?GoogleAccessId=web-data@kaggle-161607.iam.gserviceaccount.com&Expires=1626705399&Signature=sFUDxoYhLbApEA14GcV0Zz8%2FvyzegVb1B42hX6%2BC0ZOa437IsViKvyUnNXJJMkTqGXmRbrvX1FFkjrJJWaoUKdvdMIqOaC1etnkDJ3bmUNq77HgIfoi%2BtBcAs1SVd1SdbrcfZG53w3oxqhYH9V3KkOFxoM%2BWiM7WIVtept5bLov9mW01SMB1rNZ%2FyxmdKRAmMcVMWCqv8IVncmlEXPjr0MZ8cBHs%2BKsGluKAEfZjPU%2BrkN5ro5I6fIaQ%2FWDMz3SMX9Jwnsp8vcUsEiULj%2FFQALcqZbdza3G%2FhoSic7RlvevB2ay4Kz8qriwbzop6bVDOhJijKsofnQ0HINzp0aaAfw%3D%3D&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3Drsna-intracranial-hemorrhage-detection.zip"  -O rsna-intracranial-hemorrhage-detection.zip

查看當(dāng)前使用代理
env | grep -i proxy

去掉相關(guān)代理
gedit /etc/enviroment 

如果還存在代理，運(yùn)行：
unset  http_proxy
unset https_proxy

wget模擬瀏覽器下載.png

本地訪問(wèn)服務(wù)器端Ubuntu系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)頁(yè)

1滚躯、在本地的命令行終端

ssh -D 綁定的本機(jī)[端口號(hào)] 實(shí)驗(yàn)室遠(yuǎn)程username@實(shí)驗(yàn)室遠(yuǎn)程ip地址

ssh -D3060 username@remote-ip

2雏门、在本地下載firefox瀏覽器

本地下載一個(gè)firefox（以后專門用這個(gè)firefox來(lái)訪問(wèn)遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器的網(wǎng)頁(yè)）

3嘿歌、修改firefox瀏覽器設(shè)置

image.png

image.png

將socks主機(jī)改成localhost 端口改為 綁定的本機(jī)端口號(hào)（此處設(shè)置為3060）

確定后再在本機(jī)的這個(gè)firefox訪問(wèn)校園網(wǎng)關(guān)就是以遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器身份打開(kāi)的了

常見(jiàn)系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題

1.Tab鍵無(wú)法補(bǔ)全命令
（1）修改bashrc

 sudo vi /etc/bash.bashrc 

將以下注釋的部分，取消注釋

1.  #enable bash completion in interactive shells  
2.  #if ! shopt -oq posix; then  
3.  #      if [-f  /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then  
4.  #          . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion  
5.  #      elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion]; then  
6.  #           . /etc/bash_completion  
7.  #      fi  
8.  #fi  

改為

1.  #enable bash completion in interactive shells  
2.  if ! shopt -oq posix; then  
3.  if [-f  /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then  
4.  . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion  
5.  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion]; then  
6.  . /etc/bash_completion  
7.  fi  
8.  fi

最后 進(jìn)行一步source更新

sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc

參考 Ubuntu系統(tǒng)Tab鍵不能自動(dòng)補(bǔ)全問(wèn)題解決

（2）在遠(yuǎn)程桌面中設(shè)置茁影，打開(kāi)菜單->設(shè)置->窗口管理器宙帝，或者在終端中輸入xfwm4-settings打開(kāi)（xfwm4就是xfce4 window manger的縮寫）
選擇鍵盤，可以看到窗口快捷鍵中動(dòng)作一列有“切換同一應(yīng)用程序的窗口”選項(xiàng)募闲，將該選項(xiàng)的快捷鍵清除后關(guān)閉窗口即可步脓。
到此，Tab鍵自動(dòng)補(bǔ)全功能配置完成浩螺。

Window manager設(shè)置修改.png

2. 在服務(wù)器上掛載U盤
   (1) 查看磁盤情況

liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for liangju: 

Disk /dev/sdb: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x99d0c6d2

(2) 查看塊設(shè)備的文件系統(tǒng)靴患，LABEL和UUID

liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ sudo blkid
[sudo] password for liangju: 
/dev/sda4: UUID="02f0c150-9b43-4480-9b0c-d5e0e019de63" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="667f5f84-c211-4912-a737-194c65d8482a"
/dev/sda2: UUID="95300fdd-8a59-47c7-8ccf-41593ccd0751" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="15774072-4714-4080-b85e-8791a10279e8"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop4: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop5: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop6: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop7: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="9cbe1c6c-1da2-4943-8396-41647fc1e8c3" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="aab40112-d765-45d1-be56-6455c9e5078d"
/dev/loop8: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop9: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop10: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop11: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop12: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop13: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop14: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop15: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop16: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda3: PARTUUID="bcb440e8-a202-4529-8683-940e67c69a60"
/dev/sdb4: LABEL="Ubuntu 16.0" UUID="B4FE-5315" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="cad4ebea-04"

其中/dev/sdb4是我們需要掛載的U盤
(3) 新建掛載目錄 /media/hd

liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:~$ sudo mkdir /media/hd

(4) U盤掛載到指定路徑

liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ sudo mount /dev/sdb4 /media/hd

(5) 查看U盤內(nèi)容

liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ ls
 boot       'FW150US 4.0'                      pics
 casper      install                           pool
 compare     isolinux                          preseed
 config      K40                               res
 dists       movie                            'RICOH SP 325SNw_windows???????.pdf'
 EFI         outpainting_1017_with_colorLoss  'System Volume Information'
 FOUND.000   outpainting_car_slice16_Alpha     uname
 FOUND.001   PEN_3                             XMPSetup_5.3.1.6065-VZqqpcmgr.exe

(6) 卸載U盤

liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media$ sudo umount /media/hd

(7) 設(shè)備繁忙

liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ sudo umount /media/hd
umount: /media/hd: target is busy.

解決方式

liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ sudo umount /media/hd
[sudo] password for liangju: 
umount: /media/hd: target is busy.
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ cd ..
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media$ fuser -km hd
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media$ sudo umount /media/hd
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media$