譯 / 陳式方程
VOA Learning English presents America’s Presidents.
美國之音慢速英語之介紹美國總統(tǒng)欄目锯仪。
Today we are talking about a vice president. John Tyler was William Henry Harrison’s partner on the ticket in the 1840 election; he was the “Tyler” of the campaign slogan[1] “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too.”
今天苇侵，我們來談論一位副總統(tǒng)懈涛。1840年總統(tǒng)大選時，約翰·泰勒是威廉·亨利·哈里森的選票搭檔受啥；他就是競選口號“蒂珀卡努和泰勒”中的“泰勒”沸久。
But only one month into his term as president, Harrison unexpectedly died. He was the first U.S. president to die in office. Today, Americans accept that when that happens, the vice president becomes the president. But in 1841, no one really knew what to do.
但哈里森當了一個月總統(tǒng)就意外死亡了坛缕，他是第一位在位時去世的總統(tǒng)。現(xiàn)今胡诗，美國接受總統(tǒng)去世時副總統(tǒng)接過職位邓线。但在1841年，沒人知道該怎么做煌恢。
So people turned to the Constitution.
所以人們訴諸憲法骇陈。
It said if the president is removed from office, or if he dies, resigns, or is not able to perform his duties, his power and responsibility is given to the vice president.
憲法上表明，如果總統(tǒng)被免職瑰抵、死亡你雌、辭職，或無法履行職責，他的權利和責任將會轉交給副總統(tǒng)婿崭。
But the meaning of those words was unclear. Did the vice president really become the president, or did the vice president just act like the president?
但是那些詞的表達不夠清晰拨拓。副總統(tǒng)是真正成為總統(tǒng)？還是只是代理總統(tǒng)氓栈？
The Constitution may not have been clear, but John Tyler was. He claimed that, after Harrison’s death, he really was the president.
憲法沒有明確規(guī)定渣磷，但是約翰·泰勒很明確。他聲稱授瘦，哈里森死后他就是總統(tǒng)醋界。
Tyler made sure he was quickly sworn-in. He answered only to the title “president.” He even refused to open letters that were sent to “Acting President Tyler.”
泰勒確保自己迅速宣誓成為總統(tǒng)。他只會以總統(tǒng)身份回答問題提完。他甚至拒絕打開稱呼他“代理總統(tǒng)泰勒”的信件形纺。
Eventually, Americans accepted John Tyler was the nation’s 10th president.
最終，美國人接受了約翰·泰勒作為國家第十任總統(tǒng)徒欣。
But some Americans were not happy about that fact. During his presidency, all but one of Tyler’s cabinet advisors resigned, and members of his own party tried to impeach him.
但是挡篓，一些美國人并不樂于接受這個事實。在泰勒任期內(nèi)帚称，除了一位官研，其他所有的內(nèi)閣顧問都辭職了，而且他自己黨派的成員還試著去彈劾他闯睹。
Early life 早期生活
Tyler was from the southern state of Virginia, home to five earlier U.S. presidents. Like many of the leaders before him, he was a lawyer from an upper class family who owned slaves. He strongly supported the power of the states against the federal government, expansion of slavery, and rule by a small, elite[2] group.
泰勒來自南部的弗吉尼亞州戏羽，早期五位美國總統(tǒng)的家鄉(xiāng)。像許多在他之前的總統(tǒng)一樣楼吃，他是一位律師始花，來自一個擁有奴隸的上層家庭。他強烈支持各州反對聯(lián)邦政府的力量孩锡，奴隸制的擴張酷宵，以及小精英團體的統(tǒng)治。
But the United States was starting to change. For example, President John Quincy Adams had proposed creating a national system of roads. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 limited slavery in new states in the northwest. And in the 1830s, many white men who did not own property earned the right to vote.
但是美國已經(jīng)在改變了躬窜。例如浇垦，約翰·昆西·亞當斯總統(tǒng)提議修建一條國家道路系統(tǒng)。1820年的密蘇里妥協(xié)限制了西北新加入州的奴隸制荣挨。19世紀30年代男韧，許多沒有財產(chǎn)的白人獲得了投票權。
In other words, the U.S. was becoming more national, abolitionist[3], and equal.
換句話說默垄，美國正變得更加全國性此虑、廢奴主義以及平等。
Tyler resisted these changes. He fought against them as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, a governor of Virginia, and a senator.
泰勒很抵抗這些改變口锭。作為眾議員朦前，弗吉尼亞州長和參議員，他一直與這些改變作斗爭。
His fight reached a crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The two men belonged to the same party, the Democratic Party. However, Tyler hated Jackson’s populist[4] policies and use of presidential powers against the states.
安德魯·杰克遜總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi)韭寸，他的斗爭遭遇了危機春哨。這兩位都屬于民主黨。然而棒仍，泰勒討厭杰克遜的民粹主義政策以及利用總統(tǒng)權力對抗各州悲靴。
In the middle of the 1830s, Tyler joined with several other political leaders to create a new, anti-Jackson party. They were called the Whigs.
19世紀30年代中期，泰勒與其他幾個政治領袖建立了一個反對杰克遜的新黨派莫其。他們稱之為輝格黨癞尚。
Presidency 總統(tǒng)任期
The new Whig party badly[5] wanted to win the 1840 presidential election against Jackson’s right hand man[6], Martin Van Buren. They proposed John Tyler as the party’s vice presidential candidate because they hoped he would appeal to southern voters.
1840年，新興黨派輝格黨迫切希望在總統(tǒng)大選中擊敗杰克遜的得力助手馬丁·范布倫乱陡。輝格黨推舉了約翰·泰勒作為副總統(tǒng)候選人浇揩，因為他們希望吸引南方選民。
The Whigs succeeded. Tyler and Harrison won the election. The new party expected that they would be able to achieve[7] many of their policy goals.
輝格黨成功了憨颠，泰勒和哈里森贏得了大選胳徽。這個新興黨派期望能夠實現(xiàn)他們的許多政策目的。
But then Harrison died, and Tyler unexpectedly became president. Tyler kept Harrison’s cabinet of top advisers. But he did not accept their advice.
但不久哈里森就死了养盗，泰勒意外成為了總統(tǒng)。泰勒保留了哈里森內(nèi)閣的高級顧問适篙，但并不接受他們的建議往核。
Whig lawmakers presented bill after bill to Tyler, but he failed to support the measures. He believed they gave too much power to the federal government over the states.
輝格黨的立法議員們提出了一個又一個法案給泰勒，但他都沒有支持嚷节。他認為他們給了聯(lián)邦政府太多的權利聂儒。
In anger, all but one of Tyler’s cabinet members resigned.
出于憤怒，泰勒的內(nèi)閣成員除了一位都辭職了硫痰。
Then Whig leaders officially declared that Tyler was no longer part of their group. The following year they even moved to impeach him.
輝格黨的領袖們官方宣稱泰勒不再是他們黨派的成員衩婚。次年，他們甚至去彈劾泰勒效斑。
He became known as a president without a party.
他以沒有政黨的總統(tǒng)而聞名非春。
Tyler was able to achieve one major political act, however. Three days before he left office, he signed the law that made Texas a state.
然而，泰勒取得了一個主要的政治行動鳍悠。在他離開總統(tǒng)辦公室的前3天税娜，他簽署了使德克薩斯成為州的法律。
Perhaps wisely, Tyler withdrew from the next presidential election.
也許是明智地藏研，泰勒退出了下屆的總統(tǒng)選舉。
He eventually withdrew even his support for the federal government. He became a leader in the movement for Southern secession[8].
最終概行，他甚至撤回了對聯(lián)邦政府的支持蠢挡。他成為了南方獨立運動的領袖。
In other words, he believed the Southern states had the right to separate from the North and leave the Union. In time, the separation between the South and North would lead to the Civil War.
也就是說，他認為南方各州擁有從北方分離业踏，脫離聯(lián)盟的權利禽炬。最終，南北分離導致了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)勤家。
Family 家庭
Tyler was an unusual president. He took office in an unusual way, and he took the unusual step of vetoing legislative action proposed by his own party.
泰勒是一位不同尋常的總統(tǒng)腹尖。他以不尋常的方式上任總統(tǒng)，并以不尋常的方式來否決了他自己黨派的立法行為伐脖。
His family life has other unusual details. Tyler was the first president to get married while in office. He was the president with the most children. And two of his grandchildren remained alive until well into the 21st century.
他的家庭生活更是擁有其他不尋常的細節(jié)热幔。泰勒是第一位在任時結婚的總統(tǒng)，是擁有最多孩子的總統(tǒng)讼庇。他的兩個孫子一直活到了21世紀绎巨。
In 1844, Tyler married Julia Gardiner. She was his second wife. His first wife, Letitia, had died two years earlier.
1844年，泰勒和茱莉亞·嘉丁納結婚蠕啄，這是他的二婚场勤。他的第一個妻子利蒂希婭，2年前去世了歼跟。
John and Letitia Tyler had eight children together. Since Julia Gardiner Tyler was 24 years old -- 30 years younger than her new husband -- the two had plenty of time to have another seven children.
約翰和利蒂希婭·泰勒有8個孩子和媳。由于茱莉亞·嘉丁納24歲，比他的新任丈夫年輕30歲哈街，所以他們兩個有大把時間生了另外7個孩子留瞳。
And, because one of their sons had children in the 1920s, two of Tyler’s grandchildren are still alive as of early 2017.
而且，由于他們的一個兒子在20世紀20年代生了孩子叹卷，泰勒的2個孫子一直活到2017年初撼港。
Legacy 遺產(chǎn)
Tyler is not remembered as a good president. But he is remembered for establishing a precedent – a way of doing something that other people have followed.
泰勒并沒有以一位好總統(tǒng)而被記住。但他因為開了一個先例而被記住 — 其他人遵循他做某事的方式骤竹。
The Tyler precedent permitted the peaceful of transfer[9] of power from president to vice president in 1841. And it eased the transition after other presidents have died since then.
泰勒的先例就是帝牡，1841年總統(tǒng)的權利和平地交接給了副總統(tǒng)。自那以后蒙揣，這也緩和了其他總統(tǒng)去世后權利交接的轉變靶溜。
In 1967, the Constitution was even changed to clarify what Tyler had claimed all along[10]: when the president dies, the vice president becomes the new chief executive[11].
1967年，憲法甚至被改變來闡明泰勒一直聲稱的：當總統(tǒng)去世后懒震，副總統(tǒng)接替總統(tǒng)職位罩息。
原文鏈接
https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/americas-presidents-john-tyler/3817979.html
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slogan - n. a word or phrase that is easy to remember and is used by a group or business to attract attention - 口號 ?
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elite - n. the people who have the most wealth and status in a society - n. 精英；精華个扰；中堅分子 ?
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abolitionist - n. a person who wants to stop or abolish slavery - 廢奴主義者 ?
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populist - n. 平民主義者瓷炮；民粹派；adj. 民粹主義的（等于populistic）递宅；平民主義的 ?
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badly - adv. 非常娘香，很 ?
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right-hand man - 左右手苍狰；左膀右臂；得力助手 ?
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achieve - v. to get or reach (something) by working hard - 實現(xiàn) ?
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secession - n. the act of separating from a nation or state and becoming independent - 脫離烘绽，分離 ?
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transfer - v. to give rights to another person - 轉移權利 ?
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all along - 自始至終淋昭，一直 ?
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executive - n. a person who manages or directs other people in a company or organization - 總經(jīng)理，行政長官 ?
