環(huán)境
印尼抹香鯨死亡紧卒，胃里有 1000 塊塑料垃圾
雪梨 ?2018-12-07
今日導(dǎo)讀
海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)是近年來一個(gè)越來越熱的話題，2017 年的 BBC 紀(jì)錄片《藍(lán)色星球2》就特別關(guān)注了海洋中塑料污染的問題诗祸。近日跑芳，一頭被海水沖到岸邊的抹香鯨尸體引發(fā)了人們對(duì)這一話題的再次關(guān)注，因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)谒捏w內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大大小小 1000 多塊塑料垃圾直颅。讓我們和雪梨老師一起讀一讀《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的新聞博个。
帶著問題聽講解
Q1:“抹香鯨”用英語怎么說？
Q2:塑料是文中抹香鯨的致命原因嗎功偿？
Q3:如何用英語形容“容易受到傷害或影響”盆佣？
新聞?wù)?/h3>1,000 pieces of plastic found inside dead whale in Indonesia
印度尼西亞鯨魚尸體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn) 1000?塊塑料垃圾
More than 1,000 assorted pieces of plastic,including 115 cups,25 bags,four bottles and two flip-flops,have been found inside a dead sperm whale in Indonesia,according to local officials.
印度尼西亞地方官員表示，他們?cè)诋?dāng)?shù)匾活^死去的抹香鯨體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了 1000 多塊各種各樣的塑料制品械荷，其中包括 115 個(gè)塑料杯共耍、25 個(gè)塑料袋、四個(gè)塑料瓶和兩個(gè)塑料人字拖吨瞎。
The whale,found washed ashore Monday in Wakatobi National Park,was already decomposing when rescuers arrived,so investigators were unable to determine if the plastic caused its death,said Lukas Adhyakso,the conservation director of the World Wildlife Fund in Indonesia. The plastic weighed about 6 kilograms,or 13 pounds,he said.
Lukas Adhyakso 是印尼世界野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)的自然保護(hù)主任痹兜。他表示，周一颤诀，該鯨魚在瓦卡托比海上國(guó)家公園被人發(fā)現(xiàn)字旭，尸體被海水沖到了岸邊，在救援人員趕到之前已經(jīng)開始腐爛崖叫，所以調(diào)查人員無法確定塑料是否是它的死亡原因遗淳。他說，鯨魚體內(nèi)的塑料重達(dá) 6 千克心傀，約合 13 磅屈暗。
But images of the dead whale resonated in Indonesia,a country that has started to reckon with its outsize use of plastics. Indonesia,a nation of about 260 million people spread over thousands of islands in Southeast Asia,was the world’s second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2015,behind only China,according to a study in the journal Science.
然而鯨魚尸體的照片在印度尼西亞產(chǎn)生了巨大的反響。印度尼西亞已經(jīng)開始意識(shí)到脂男，過量的塑料使用是個(gè)問題养叛。該國(guó)擁有約 2.6 億人口，他們分布在數(shù)千個(gè)東南亞的島嶼上疆液。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》期刊上的研究，印度尼西亞是 2015 年世界第二大塑料廢品生產(chǎn)國(guó)陕贮，僅次于中國(guó)堕油。
Ingesting plastic can give whales a false sense of satiation,leading them to eat less food that provides the nutrients they need,said Nicholas Mallos,director of the Trash Free Seas program at Ocean Conservancy,an environmental nonprofit. Consumption of plastics can lead to reduced weight,energy and swimming speed,making whales more vulnerable to predators.
Nicholas Mallos 是非盈利環(huán)境保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)海洋保育協(xié)會(huì)的“無垃圾海洋”項(xiàng)目主任。他說，攝入塑料會(huì)給鯨魚造成一種虛假的飽腹感掉缺，導(dǎo)致它們減少食物的攝入卜录，而食物能為它們提供所需營(yíng)養(yǎng)。攝取塑料會(huì)導(dǎo)致體重降低眶明，能量減少艰毒，游泳速度減慢，從而使鯨魚更容易受到掠食者的傷害搜囱。
More than 800 species of marine animals are susceptible to the estimated 8.8 million tons of plastics deposited each year in the ocean,Mallos said,and often in ways that do not lead to graphic imagery like the whale in Indonesia. Plastics can entangle and trap animals,sometimes causing them to drown,or pierce elements of their digestive systems after being swallowed.
Mallos 補(bǔ)充道丑瞧，每年有超過 800 種海洋動(dòng)物受到大約 880 萬噸被隨意丟棄在海洋中的塑料影響，通常這些影響不會(huì)像印度尼西亞鯨魚尸體的生動(dòng)圖像那樣以如此直接的方式呈現(xiàn)蜀肘。塑料會(huì)纏住绊汹、卡住動(dòng)物，有時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致它們被淹死扮宠。塑料被動(dòng)物吞下后西乖，也可能刺穿它們的消化器官。
—————文章來源/紐約時(shí)報(bào)?
重點(diǎn)詞匯
assorted ?/??s??rt?d/?
adj.混雜的坛增，各種各樣的
e.g.
assorted sweets
assorted vegetables
sperm whale ?/?sp??rm we?l/
n.抹香鯨
flip-flop ?/?fl?p flɑ?p/?
n.（塑料获雕、橡膠）平底人字拖鞋
decompose ?/?di?k?m?po?z/?
v.腐敗，腐爛
ashore ?/?????r/
adv.向岸收捣，向陸地
e.g.
offshore
conservation ?/?kɑ?ns?r?ve??n/
n.保護(hù)届案；保持（conserve v.）
resonate ?/?rez?ne?t/
v.回響，回蕩
e.g.
The sound of the siren resonated across the harbour.
What he said resonated with the voters.
reckon with
考慮到坏晦，預(yù)料到
outsize ?/?a?tsa?z/
adj.極大的萝玷，超大型的
e.g.
an outsize desk
outsize clothes
ingest ?/?n?d?est/
v.攝取（食物昆婿、飲料等）
satiation ?/?se??i?e??n/
n.飽食
e.g.
Hunting is usually initiated by hunger and stopped by satiation.
nutrient ?/?nu?tri?nt/
n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)（物質(zhì)）球碉，養(yǎng)料
e.g.
advice on diet and nutrition(n.)
a serious nutrient deficiency
vulnerable to?
易受...的傷害
e.g.
We were in a vulnerable position.
Babies are more vulnerable to diseases.
susceptible to
易受影響（或傷害等）
e.g.
Babies are susceptible to diseases.
imagery ?/??m?d??ri/?
n.圖像
pierce ?/p?rs/?
v.刺破，刺穿
e.g.
The spindle pierced the princess’s finger.
拓展內(nèi)容
塑料不是食物仓蛆，為什么海洋動(dòng)物卻吃到停不下來睁冬？
對(duì)于海洋動(dòng)物食用塑料的其中一種解釋是，它們把塑料誤認(rèn)為是熟悉的食物了看疙，比如海洋動(dòng)物容易把塑料球錯(cuò)以為是美味的魚卵豆拨。一些海鳥和魚類被塑料的氣味所吸引。具體地說能庆，吸引它們的是塑料發(fā)出的名為二甲基硫醚（DMS）的化學(xué)信號(hào)施禾。
相比于海鳥和魚類，海龜則主要依靠視覺尋找食物搁胆。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)弥搞，年長(zhǎng)的海龜會(huì)優(yōu)先選擇柔軟邮绿、半透明的塑料。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證實(shí)了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期存在的觀點(diǎn)攀例，即海龜會(huì)把塑料袋誤認(rèn)為是美味的水母船逮。
除了嗅覺和視覺，很多海洋動(dòng)物還通過回聲定位來捕獵粤铭，尤其是齒鯨和海豚挖胃，回聲定位非常敏感。但人們還是從齒鯨和海豚的胃里發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料袋梆惯、汽車零件和人類丟棄的其他垃圾碎屑酱鸭。研究人員表示，它們的回聲定位系統(tǒng)可能錯(cuò)誤地把這些物體識(shí)別成了食物加袋。
我們每個(gè)人都會(huì)使用塑料凛辣。不過對(duì)于海洋動(dòng)物而言，塑料不僅看起來像食物职烧，而且聞起來扁誓、觸碰起來，甚至聽起來都像食物蚀之。所以如果想要避免塑料對(duì)于海洋生物的傷害蝗敢，最有效直接的辦法就是放棄一次性塑料的使用。
