http相關(guān)知識(shí)
1.1絕對(duì)路徑-相對(duì)路徑
-
相對(duì)地址的定義：
被鏈接文件相對(duì)于當(dāng)前頁面的地址。 只包含本地路徑的網(wǎng)頁地址偏瓤，地址通常以“/”和“../”表示層級(jí)關(guān)系。 -
絕對(duì)地址的定義：
絕對(duì)地址就是文件在網(wǎng)絡(luò)或本地的絕對(duì)位置椰憋。絕對(duì)厅克，具有唯一性，如官網(wǎng)地址橙依。 絕對(duì)地址是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的獨(dú)立地址证舟，在任何網(wǎng)站通過這個(gè)地址可以直接到達(dá)目標(biāo)網(wǎng)頁。包含主域名和目錄地址窗骑。 -
http status code
- 500 : 'Internal Server Error'
- 403 : 'Forbidden'
- 404 : 'Not Found'
- 304 : 'Not Modified'
- 200 : 'OK'
-
http verbs
- get
- post
- delete
- put
// respond with "Hello World!" on the homepage
app.get('/user:id', function (req, res) {
res.send('Hello World!');
});
// accept POST request on the homepage
app.post('/user/create', function (req, res) {
res.send('Got a POST request');
});
// accept PUT request at /user
app.put('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
res.send('Got a PUT request at /user');
});
// accept DELETE request at /user
app.delete('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
res.send('Got a DELETE request at /user');
});
更多node里的verbs實(shí)行女责，參見這里
req取參數(shù)的3種方法
expressjs里的請(qǐng)求參數(shù)，4.x里只有3種
- req.params
- req.body
- req.query
已經(jīng)廢棄的api
- req.param(Deprecated. Use either req.params, req.body or req.query, as applicable.)
req.params
app.get('/user/:id', function(req, res){
res.send('user ' + req.params.id);
});
俗點(diǎn)：取帶冒號(hào)的參數(shù)
req.body
Contains key-value pairs of data submitted in the request body. By default, it is undefined, and is populated when you use body-parsing middleware such as body-parser and multer.
This example shows how to use body-parsing middleware to populate req.body.
var app = require('express')();
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
var multer = require('multer');
app.use(bodyParser.json()); // for parsing application/json
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // for parsing application/x-www-form-urlencoded
app.use(multer()); // for parsing multipart/form-data
app.post('/', function (req, res) {
console.log(req.body);
res.json(req.body);
})
可以肯定的一點(diǎn)是req.body一定是post請(qǐng)求创译，express里依賴的中間件必須有bodyParser抵知，不然req.body是沒有的。
詳細(xì)的說明在下面的3種post用法里。
req.query
query是querystring
說明req.query不一定是get
// GET /search?q=tobi+ferret
req.query.q
// => "tobi ferret"
// GET /shoes?order=desc&shoe[color]=blue&shoe[type]=converse
req.query.order
// => "desc"
req.query.shoe.color
// => "blue"
req.query.shoe.type
// => "converse"
因?yàn)橛凶儜B(tài)的寫法
// POST /search?q=tobi+ferret
{a:1,b:2}
req.query.q
// => "tobi ferret"
post里看不的刷喜，用req.body取残制。
準(zhǔn)備工作
var app = express();
var multer = require('multer')
// for raw data
app.use(function(req, res, next){
if (req.is('text/*')) {
req.text = '';
req.setEncoding('utf8');
req.on('data', function(chunk){ req.text += chunk });
req.on('end', next);
} else {
next();
}
});
app.use(multer({
dest: './uploads/',
rename: function (fieldname, filename) {
return filename.replace(/\W+/g, '-').toLowerCase() + Date.now()
}
}))
說明
- express4之后上傳組件使用multer
- express4之前是由req.text的，但不知道是什么原因在4里取消了掖疮。
3種不同類型的post
var express = require('express');
var router = express.Router();
/* GET users listing. */
router.get('/', function(req, res) {
res.send('respond with a resource');
});
router.get('/:id', function(req, res) {
res.send('respond with a resource' + request.params.id);
});
router.post('/post', function(req, res) {
// res.send('respond with a resource');
res.json(req.body);
});
router.post('/post/formdata', function(req, res) {
// res.send('respond with a resource');
console.log(req.body, req.files);
console.log(req.files.pic.path);
res.json(req.body);
});
router.post('/post/raw', function(req, res) {
// res.send('respond with a resource');
res.json(req.text);
});
module.exports = router;
Post with x-www-form-urlencoded
see post.html
<script>
$(function(){
$.ajaxSetup({
contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8"
});
$.post("/users/post", { name: "i5a6", time: "2pm" },
function(data){
console.log(data);
}, "json");
});
</script>
in routes/users.js
router.post('/post', function(req, res) {
// res.send('respond with a resource');
res.json(req.body);
});
Post with form-data
主要目的是為了上傳
npm install --save multer
Usage
var express = require('express')
var multer = require('multer')
var app = express()
app.use(multer({ dest: './uploads/'}))
You can access the fields and files in the request object:
console.log(req.body)
console.log(req.files)
重要提示： Multer will not process any form which is not multipart/form-data
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Post with raw
To get the raw body content of a request with Content-Type: "text/plain" into req.rawBody you can do:
https://gist.github.com/tj/3750227
req.rawBody已經(jīng)被干掉了初茶，現(xiàn)在只能用req.text
下面是tj給出的代碼片段
var express = require('./')
var app = express();
app.use(function(req, res, next){
if (req.is('text/*')) {
req.text = '';
req.setEncoding('utf8');
req.on('data', function(chunk){ req.text += chunk });
req.on('end', next);
} else {
next();
}
});
app.post('/', function(req, res){
res.send('got "' + req.text + '"');
});
app.listen(3000)
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命令行玩法
#! /bin/bash
echo -n "post common"
curl -d "a=1&b=2" http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post
echo -n 'post formdata'
curl -F 'pic=@"img/post-common.png"' -F 'a=1' -F 'b=2' http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post/formdata
echo -n 'post raw json'
curl -d "{"a":"1","b":"2","c":{"a":"1","b":"2"}}" http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post
如不清楚，請(qǐng) man curl.
supertest用法
稍后補(bǔ)上（柯織）
https://github.com/visionmedia/supertest
比較好的例子
https://github.com/expressjs/restful-router
node express upgrade
As part of the 3.x -> 4.x changes, the middleware for processing multipart/form-data request body data was removed from the bodyParser middleware, so it only parses application/x-www-form-urlencoded and application/json request body data.
If you want to use multipart/form-data as the request body, you need to use the multer middleware.
