SUSE-Linux安裝oracle#

20150401

參考

《Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86-64》

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.htm#BHCBCFDI

《Oracle Database Administrator's Guide》

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25494/create.htm#ADMIN11073

目錄##

......ORACLE軟件下載

......根據(jù)oracle版本敏储，檢查硬件要求和os版本

......解決軟件安裝包依賴

......創(chuàng)建所需的操作系統(tǒng)用戶和用戶組

......linux中與Oracle有關(guān)的內(nèi)核用戶資源參數(shù)配置

......創(chuàng)建oracle目錄奠衔、設(shè)置環(huán)境變量

......靜默安裝oracle軟件

......安裝完成后配置環(huán)境變量

......配置監(jiān)聽程序

......用DBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例

0. ORACLE軟件下載##

chrome可以獲取下載地址。

nohup commond& 可以在關(guān)閉遠(yuǎn)程終端后讓命令繼續(xù)執(zhí)行届良。

wget是一個(gè)從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上獲取文件的程序誓禁。

wget -c --http-user=username --http-password=userpassword --output-document=linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip "http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip?AuthParam=1417279234_e1fdefa21aa5ab8dd4672e695a53e1d4"

1. 根據(jù)oracle版本，檢查硬件要求和os版本##

1.1 最低配置

oracle：Database 11g Release 2 (11.2)

Minimum Memory: 1 GB of RAM （swap space：1.5 times the size of the RAM）

Minimum Disk：At least 1 GB of disk space in the /tmp directory,Requirement for Software Files (Enterprise Edition 4.7GB),Requirement for Data Files (Enterprise Edition 1.7GB).

The following or later versions of the operating system are required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2 or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

The following are the kernel requirements for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2): 2.6.16.21 or later（On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10）or 2.6.27.19 or later (On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11)

1.2 My Server config###

architecture：x86_64

cup：1

memory：1GB

disk：20+60G (其中swap=1.5G)

OS：OpenSUSE 13.1 64位

注意：阿里云服務(wù)器不建議設(shè)置swap（如出現(xiàn)問題，參考論壇解決）

2. 解決軟件安裝包依賴##

The following or later version of packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 must be installed:

binutils-2.16.91.0.5
compat-libstdc++-5.0.7
gcc-4.1.0
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.4-31.63
glibc-devel-2.4-31.63
glibc-devel-32bit-2.4-31.63
ksh-93r-12.9
libaio-0.3.104
libaio-32bit-0.3.104
libaio-devel-0.3.104
libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104
libelf-0.8.5
libgcc-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.80
numactl-0.9.6.x86_64
sysstat-8.0.4
unixODBC-32 bit-2.2.11 (32-bit) or later
unixODBC-2.2.11 (64-bit) or later
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64-bit) or later

The following or later version of packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 must be installed:

rpm -qa|grep binutils-2.19
rpm -qa|grep gcc-4.3
rpm -qa|grep gcc-32bit-4.3
rpm -qa|grep gcc-c++-4.3
rpm -qa|grep glibc-2.9
rpm -qa|grep glibc-32bit-2.9
rpm -qa|grep glibc-devel-2.9
rpm -qa|grep glibc-devel-32bit-2.9
rpm -qa|grep ksh-93t
rpm -qa|grep libaio-0.3.104
rpm -qa|grep libaio-32bit-0.3.104
rpm -qa|grep libaio-devel-0.3.104
rpm -qa|grep libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++33-3.3.3
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++33-32bit-3.3.3
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++43-32bit-4.3.3_20081022
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++43-devel-32bit-4.3.3_20081022
rpm -qa|grep libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++-devel-4.3
rpm -qa|grep make-3.81
rpm -qa|grep sysstat-8.1.5
rpm -qa|grep unixODBC-2.2.12 or later
rpm -qa|grep unixODBC-devel-2.2.12 or later
rpm -qa|grep unixODBC-32bit-2.2.12 (32-bit) or later

如果存在軟件包依賴，請(qǐng)下載依賴軟件包并安裝：

rpm -ivh *.rpm

3. 創(chuàng)建所需的操作系統(tǒng)用戶和用戶組##

The following local operating system groups and users are required if you are installing Oracle Database:

The Oracle Inventory group (typically, oinstall)

The OSDBA group (typically, dba)

The Oracle software owner (typically, oracle)

The OSOPER group (optional. Typically, oper)

groupadd orainstall
groupadd oradba
groupadd oraoper
useradd -d /home/oracle -g orainstall -G oradba,oraoper ora
passwd ora

4. linux中與Oracle有關(guān)的內(nèi)核用戶資源參數(shù)配置##

4.1 Kernel Parameters###

Kernel Parameters：Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the minimum value shown.

Parameter | Minimum Value | File

semmsl 250 /proc/sys/kernel/sem

semmns 32000 /proc/sys/kernel/sem

semopm 100 /proc/sys/kernel/sem

semmni 128 /proc/sys/kernel/sem

shmall 2097152 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall

shmmax 536870912 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax

shmmni 4096 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni

file-max 6815744 /proc/sys/fs/file-max (A value that is 1 byte less than the physical memory)

ip_local_port_range 9000(MAX65500) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range

rmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default

rmem_max 4194304 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_

wmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default

wmem_max 1048576 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max

aio-max-nr 1048576 /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr

*SUSE LINUX:On SUSE systems only, you must enter the GID of the oinstall group as the value for the parameter /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. Doing this grants members of oinstall a group permission to create shared memory segments.(NOTE:Only one group can be defined as the vm.hugetlb_shm_group.)

hugetlb_shm_group GID of the oinstall group /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group

4.2 /proc虛擬文件系統(tǒng)###

通過/proc虛擬文件系統(tǒng)黍瞧，Linux系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)行時(shí)修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)(/proc/sys或/etc/sysctl.conf)并不需要重新引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)。在/proc/sys目錄下存放著大多數(shù)的內(nèi)核參數(shù)文件原杂，這些文件被設(shè)計(jì)成可以在系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的同時(shí)進(jìn)行更改，修改過后您机，保存配置文件就馬上自動(dòng)生效穿肄，但是重新啟動(dòng)機(jī)器后修改的參數(shù)值會(huì)失效。/etc/sysctl.conf這個(gè)文檔主要是配置一些系統(tǒng)信息际看，它的內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)于/proc/sys/這個(gè)目錄的子目錄及文件咸产。通過修改/etc/sysctl.conf內(nèi)的內(nèi)核參數(shù)則可以永久保存配置變更。修改sysctl文件內(nèi)的參數(shù)值后仲闽，設(shè)定的參數(shù)值會(huì)在操作系統(tǒng)重啟后生效（注意脑溢，對(duì)于suse linux，需要執(zhí)行/sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on，使OS重啟時(shí)讀取/etc/sysctl.conf文件）屑彻，如果想使參數(shù)值修改馬上生效验庙，可以執(zhí)行命令sysctl –p 。

4.3 Resource Limits###

Resource Limits：For each installation software owner, check the resource limits for installation.

Installation Owner Resource Limit Recommended Ranges.

Resource Shell Limit Resource Soft Limit Hard Limit

Open file descriptors | nofile | at least 1024 | at least 65536

Number of processes available to a single user | nproc | at least 2047 | at least 16384

Size of the stack segment of the process | stack | at least 10240 KB | at least 10240 KB, and at most 32768 KB

update the resource limits in the /etc/security/limits.conf.

5. 創(chuàng)建oracle目錄社牲、設(shè)置環(huán)境變量##

#The Oracle base directory
mkdir -p /app/oracle/app
chown -R ora:orainstall /app/oracle/app
chmod -R 775 /app/oracle/app

#創(chuàng)建/etc/oraInst.loc文件,內(nèi)容如下
inventory_loc=/app/oracle/app/oraInventory
inst_group=orainstall

chown ora:orainstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

#創(chuàng)建/home/oracle/.bashrc粪薛，內(nèi)容如下
umask 022
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle/app
ORACLE_SID=helowrd
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID

6. 靜默安裝oracle軟件##

su - ora
#復(fù)制響應(yīng)文件模板
cd /home/ora
mkdir response
cp /home/oracle/install/database/response/* /home/oracle/response/
chown -R ora:orainstall /home/oracle/response/*.rsp

#修改安裝Oracle軟件的響應(yīng)文件/home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY //29 行 安裝類型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=helowrd //37 行 主機(jī)名稱
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=orainstall //42 行 安裝組
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/app/oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory //47 行 INVENTORY目錄
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW //78 行 選擇語(yǔ)言
ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 //83 行 oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle/app/oracle //88 行 oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE //99 行 oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true //108行 自定義安裝
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=oradba //142行 dba用戶組
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=orainstall //147行 oper用戶組
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //160行 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)類型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=helowrd  //165行 globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=helowrd //170行 SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512 //192行 自動(dòng)管理內(nèi)存的最小內(nèi)存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=ora //233行 設(shè)定所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶使用同一個(gè)密碼
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //385行 設(shè)置安全更新

#進(jìn)行靜默安裝Oracle軟件 
cd /home/oracle/install/database
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -force -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp

安裝中，如果提示[WARNING]不必理會(huì)搏恤，此時(shí)安裝程序仍在進(jìn)行违寿，如果出現(xiàn)[FATAL]，則安裝程序已經(jīng)停止了熟空。

#日志
cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs
tail -100f installActions*.log

報(bào)錯(cuò)分析：

[FATAL] [INS-13013] 目標(biāo)環(huán)境不滿足一些必需要求藤巢。
原因: 不滿足一些必需的先決條件。有關(guān)詳細(xì)信息, 請(qǐng)查看日志息罗。/app/oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-03-30_08-48-11PM.log
操作: 從日志 /app/oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-03-30_08-48-11PM.log 中確定失敗的先決條件檢查列表斗锭。然后, 從日志文件或安裝手冊(cè)中查找滿足這些先決條件的適當(dāng)配置, 并手動(dòng)進(jìn)行修復(fù)躏鱼。

增加-ignorePrereq 忽略報(bào)錯(cuò)。

7. 安裝完成后配置環(huán)境變量##

#安裝完成且執(zhí)行完root.sh后，在/home/oracle/.bashrc中添加如下內(nèi)容：
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export ORACLE_OWNER=ora
export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
#source ./.bashrc 使變量生效

8. 配置監(jiān)聽程序##

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

9. 用DBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例##

9.1 創(chuàng)建實(shí)例

#修改DBCA響應(yīng)文件/home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME="helowrd.helowrd" //78 行 全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的名字=SID+主機(jī)域名
SID="helowrd" //149行 SID
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 編碼
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 編碼

#靜默安裝Database
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

9.2 linux下啟動(dòng)oracle實(shí)例###

su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog
conn /as sysdba
startup
exit
lsnrctl start
exit

9.3 linux下關(guān)閉oracle實(shí)例###

su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog
conn /as sysdba
shutdown immediate
exit
lsnrctl stop
exit

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