北大培文學校? 2018-05-17
1.人稱代詞
主格： I we you she he it they
賓格： me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er
older ,taller, longer, stronger
(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最后一個字母埂陆，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i苛白，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規(guī)則變化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式
Most nouns + s? ?
abook –books
Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies? ?
a story—stories
Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es? ? ?
a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o+s? or +es? ? ?
a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves? ? ?
a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數(shù)名詞（單復數(shù)不變）
bread, rice, water ,juice等。
5.縮略形式
I’m= I am
you’re = you are
she’s= she is
he’s = he is
it’s= it is
who’s =who is
can’t =can not
isn’t=is not
6.a/an
a book,? a peach
an egg焚虱， an hour
7.Preposition
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind.
表示時間： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday购裙， on 15th July， On National Day
in the evening鹃栽， in December躏率， in winter
8.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
one – first， two-second，twenty-twentieth
9.some/any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10.be動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese?? Yes, you are.? No, you aren’t.
Are they American?? Yes, they are.? No,they aren’t.
Is the cat fat?? Yes,it is.? No, it isn’t.
11.there? be結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句：There is a …
Thereare …
一般疑問句: Is there …?? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Arethere…?? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t ….?
Therearen’t….
12.祈使句
Sit down please
Don’tsit down, please.
13.現(xiàn)在進行時
通常用“now”
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞—ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14.一般現(xiàn)在時
通常用 “usually, often, every day,sometimes”
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑問句:
Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.
My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15.情態(tài)動詞
can,must, should后面直接用動詞原形薇芝。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2．You should keep quiet in the library.
16.一般過去時態(tài)
（a） be 動詞的過去式:
I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑問句was, were 放在句首蓬抄。
（b） 動詞過去式：
肯定句： I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, shedidn’t.
否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.
He didn’t make model ships last week.
（c） 動詞過去式的變化：
規(guī)則動詞的變化：
Most verbs +ed? ? ?
eg : planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e+d?
eg : liked夯到。
Verbs ending in aconsonant +y --y +ied? ? ?
eg : study—studied
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant?
eg : stop --stopped
不規(guī)則動詞的變化：
is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew,
eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等
17.Wh-"questions"
What are you doing?
What colour is it?
What time is it?/ What’s the time?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
Who’sthe man with a big nose?
Whose bag is it?
When is your birthday?
Where is my ball pen?
Why do you like summer?
How many books are there in the school bag?
How old is the young man?
How much is the toy bear?
How do you go to school every day?
重要時態(tài)補充說明
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時
A. 表示不受時限的客觀存在如：
He is a boy.? ? ? ?
She is a student.
My mother is anurse.? ? ? ? ?
This is a dog.? ? ? ?
I have a book.
B. 表示現(xiàn)在的習慣動作嚷缭，即指現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，一般現(xiàn)在時常用來表示現(xiàn)在時間里某種動作的經(jīng)常性和習慣性耍贾。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用阅爽，
如：often（經(jīng)常） , usually（通常，一般） , sometimes（有時） ,
always（總是逼争，一直） , never（從不）
如：I often go to school on foot.
My father works in a school.?
Mike watches TV every day.
I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.?
C. 表示現(xiàn)時的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動作.如：How are you? You look happy.? What’s the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch?? I have some chicken.
注意? 英語動詞的現(xiàn)在時與原形同形优床。但當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，須在詞尾加s 或 -es誓焦。例如：I have a fish for dinner.? Her mother works in a hospital.? Amy often goes to school by bike.? Mr. Liu teaches us English.? 加-es 的動詞必須是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母結(jié)尾的。如：watches , teaches ,goes , washes?
2. 一般將來時
表示在將來會發(fā)生的事或動作着帽。它常與表示將來的時間連用杂伟，如：tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等
注意? 一般將來時小學階段主要學了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
①? be going to + 動詞的原形 / 地點?
②? will + 動詞的原形? ? ?
例句： I’m going to go shopping thisafternoon.? She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.
3. 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在時
表示說話時正在進行的動作或現(xiàn)階段一直在進行的動作。
注意它的構(gòu)成是：be的現(xiàn)在時形式（am , is , are）加動詞的ing形式仍翰。
如：What are you doing?? I’m writing a letter.? What arethey doing?? They’re swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.
注意 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞赫粥，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的（此類動詞極少）有：running , swimming, sitting , getting
4. 一般過去時
主要用來表示在特定過去時間中一次完成的動作或一度存在的狀態(tài)予借，也可表示過去的習慣動作越平。它與現(xiàn)在時間不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去灵迫，現(xiàn)已不復存在秦叛。它經(jīng)常與表示過去的時間連用。如：I went to a park yesterday.? I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend.? I failed my Chinese test.?
注意 一般過去時主要體現(xiàn)在動詞的形式要用過去式瀑粥，動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：
Ａ. 規(guī)則動詞
①? ? 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed≌醢稀；如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d∧弧避咆；如 lived, danced , used
③? ? 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed （此類動詞較少）如 study –studied carry – carried worry – worried （play修噪、stay除外）④ 雙寫最后一個字母（此類動詞較少）如 stopped?
Ｂ. 不規(guī)則動詞（此類詞并無規(guī)則查库，須熟記）小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式：
sing – sang ,? eat – ate ,? see – saw ,? have – had ,? do – did ,
go – went ,? take– took ,? get – got ,? ? read – read ,? ? am/is – was ,? are – were ,? ? say – said ,? tell – told ,? come – came ,? drink – drank
