How to Read a Book是一篇很短文膳算，作者是Paul N. Edwards朽合，a Professor in the School of Information (SI) and the Dept. of History at theUniversity of Michigan.
這是一篇從標(biāo)題就可以看出是講如何閱讀的短文接奈，相比于那本十分經(jīng)典的《如何閱讀一本書》讯柔，我認(rèn)為這一篇更加優(yōu)質(zhì)。
因為更短茴肥，而且具有操作性还最。
以下是簡單的筆記：
Read the whole thing
整體的論點和論據(jù)比細(xì)節(jié)更重要西篓，先抓住框架。
Decide how much time you will spend
設(shè)置時間讓你更輕松安排自己的節(jié)奏憋活，同時deadline讓你更有目標(biāo)性岂津，效率也會更高。
作者的建議是
Never start to read without planning when to stop.
Have a purpose and a strategy
why和how很重要悦即。
開始閱讀時吮成，需要不斷提出的問題是：
? Who is the author?
? What are the book’s arguments?
? What is the evidence that supports these?
? What are the book’s conclusions?
在了解以上的基礎(chǔ)上：
? What are the weaknesses of these arguments,evidence, and conclusions?
? What do you think about the arguments, evidence, and conclusions?
? How does (or how could) the author respond to these weaknesses, and to your own criticisms?
讀完后，你應(yīng)該可以回答以上的所有問題辜梳，以下的方法可以幫助你更好地思考：
a) Imagine that you’re going to review the book for a magazine.
b) Imagine that you’re having a conversation, or a formal debate, with the author.
c) Imagine an examination on the book. What would the questions be, and how would you answer them?
Read actively
從最開始時就不斷提出假設(shè)和問題粱甫。
constantly generate hypotheses (“the main point of the book is that...”) and questions (“How does the author know that...?”) about the book.
并且用簡要的筆記驗證假設(shè)，回答問題作瞄。
Read it three times
這是最核心的技巧
a) Overview: discovery (5-10 percent of total time)
b) Detail: understanding (70-80 percent of total time)
c) Notes: recall and note-taking (10-20 percent of total time)
核心是通過粗讀做標(biāo)記茶宵，以及最后通過自己的語言來記筆記。
Focus on parts with high information content
每本non-fiction的書都是由沙漏結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù)構(gòu)成的宗挥。
一般來說在以下幾個地方乌庶，信息量最高：
? the book or article as a whole (abstract, introduction, conclusion)
? each chapter
? each section within a chapter
? each paragraph
Use PTML (personal text markup language)
核心是：
用自己的語言，且不要記太多契耿。筆記的目的是讓自己記憶瞒大，且在需要的時候再在書里找到資料。
Know the author(s) and organizations
不同的作者有不同的教育背景搪桂、工作透敌、居住地、偏見踢械、立場以及生活經(jīng)驗等酗电。了解這些會讓你更好地理解書中的論點、論據(jù)和結(jié)論内列。
Know the intellectual context
一本書或者一篇文章撵术，往往是為了回應(yīng)某些問題。
“Conventional wisdom holds that x, but I argue instead that y.” (Is x really conventional wisdom? Among what group of people?) “Famous Jane Scholar says that x, but I will show that y.” (Who’s Famous Jane, and why do other people believe her? How plausible are x and y? Is the author straining to find something original to say, or has s/he genuinely convinced you that Famous Jane is wrong?)
Use your unconscious mind
一個3小時的閱讀德绿，不如3個1小時的閱讀荷荤。合理安排時間，在間隔中讓潛意識來思考與理解移稳。
Rehearse,and use multiple modes
通過不同的方式去練習(xí)蕴纳，直到讓書里的知識融入自己的知識體系。方法有：演說个粱、使用古毛、寫作、圖像化等都许。
最后一點稻薇，不斷堅持。這個技能至少需要幾個月的練習(xí)才能熟練與自然胶征。
以上塞椎。
感謝您的閱讀，讓我們共同發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的世界睛低。
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