Biologists from the University of Utah including William Anderegg, Anna Trugman, and David Bowling have led new research and discovered that some trees and plants are prolific spendthrifts in drought conditions, "spending" precious soil water to cool themselves and, in the process, making droughts more intense. The researchers published their findings in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
來(lái)自猶他州大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家成肘，包括WA拆座、AT和DB荐健，組織了一項(xiàng)新的研究，并且這個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在久旱條件下弄喘，一些樹木和植物下是多產(chǎn)的揮霍者，會(huì)“花費(fèi)”寶貴的土壤水（地下水）來(lái)使自己冷卻下來(lái)甩牺，然而這使得干旱情況更加嚴(yán)重蘑志。 研究人員在國(guó)家科學(xué)院上發(fā)表了他們的研究成果
Anderegg explained that they show that the actual physiology of the plant matters. How trees take up, transport, and evaporate water, can influence societally essential extreme events, like severe droughts that can affect people and cities.
安德萊格解釋說(shuō)，它們發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物的實(shí)際生理狀況。樹木如何吸收急但、運(yùn)輸和蒸發(fā)水澎媒，會(huì)影響社會(huì)上必不可少的極端事件，比如嚴(yán)重的干旱波桩，會(huì)影響到人們和城市戒努。
In his research, Anderegg examined how tree traits affect how well forests can handle hot and dry conditions. He discovered that some trees and plants possess an internal plumbing system that slows down the movement of water, helping the plants to minimize water loss during the hot and dry periods. However, other plants have a system more suited for transporting large quantities of water vapor into the air, larger openings on leaves, more capacity to move water within the organism. Past works on Anderegg have been based on how those traits determine how well trees and forests can weather droughts. This new research, however, asks a different question: how do those traits affect the drought itself?
在他的研究中，安格魯研究樹木的特性如何影響森林應(yīng)對(duì)炎熱和干旱的能力镐躲，他發(fā)現(xiàn)储玫，一些樹木的植物體內(nèi)的水管系統(tǒng)會(huì)減慢水的流動(dòng)，從而在幫助植物在炎熱和干燥程度下水分流失降到最低萤皂。然而撒穷，其他植物有一個(gè)更適合將大量水蒸氣輸送到空氣中的系統(tǒng)，葉子上有更大的開口裆熙，有更大的能力將水分輸送到體內(nèi)端礼。過(guò)去對(duì)安德萊格的研究是基于這些特征如何決定樹木和森林對(duì)氣候干旱的影響。然而弛车，這項(xiàng)新的研究提出了一個(gè)不同的問(wèn)題:這些特征如何影響干旱本身?
Explaining, Anderegg noted that they have known for a long time that plants can affect the atmosphere and can affect weather. Forests and plants draw water out of the soil and exhale it into the atmosphere, changing the balance of water and heat at the surface of the planet, which fundamentally controls the weather. In some cases, like the Amazon rainforest, all of that water vapor could jumpstart precipitation. Even deforestation can affect weather downwind by leaving regions drier than before.
安德萊格解釋說(shuō)齐媒，他們?cè)缇椭乐参锟梢杂绊懘髿夂吞鞖狻Ｉ趾椭参飳⑺畯耐寥乐谐槌霾⑴欧诺酱髿庵蟹柞耍淖兞说厍虮砻嫠蜔岬钠胶庥骼ǎ蜔釓母旧峡刂浦厍虮砻娴臍夂颉Ｔ谝恍┑貐^(qū)贫奠，比如亞馬遜熱帶雨林唬血，所有的水蒸發(fā)會(huì)造成降水，甚至森林砍伐唤崭，使一些地區(qū)比以前更干燥拷恨。會(huì)影響逆風(fēng)的天氣。
Hot and dry regions, as it's been in the convention, tend to have more plants and trees that are adapted to dry conditions. Regardless of the climate, however, some species with water-intensive traits such as oaks in a Mediterranean climate can still exacerbate a drought.
炎熱和干燥的地區(qū)谢肾，就像這些地區(qū)一樣腕侄，往往有更多的植物和樹木能夠適應(yīng)干旱的條件。然而芦疏，不管氣候如何冕杠，一些具有耗水特性的物種，如地中海氣候中的橡樹酸茴，仍然能夠忍受干旱分预。
Understanding the relationship between a tree's traits and drought conditions helps climate scientists and local leaders to plan for further drought effects on communities, according to Anderegg. He said that failing to account for this crucial physiology of plants would give them less accurate predictions for what climate change is going to mean for drought in a lot of regions.
安德萊格說(shuō)，了解樹的特性和干旱狀況之間的關(guān)系薪捍，有助于氣候科學(xué)家和當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人為進(jìn)一步應(yīng)對(duì)干旱對(duì)社區(qū)的影響制定計(jì)劃笼痹。他說(shuō)配喳，如果不能解釋植物的這一關(guān)鍵生理機(jī)能，他們對(duì)氣候變化對(duì)許多地區(qū)干旱意味著什么的預(yù)測(cè)就會(huì)不那么準(zhǔn)確凳干。
Always in Anderegg's mind is drought and even during the recent wet spring, he noted that just because there is a good water year in the U.S. and Utah this year doesn't get off the hook. It is good to remember that there is going to be a lot more droughts in the future.
在安德雷格的腦海中總是有干旱晴裹，即使是在最近的潮濕春天，他也指出纺座，僅僅因?yàn)槊绹?guó)和猶他州今年有一個(gè)好的水年息拜，是無(wú)法擺脫困境。需要記住的是净响，未來(lái)還會(huì)有更多的干旱少欺。
