Service 啟動(dòng)流程分析

之前一篇介紹了《Activity 啟動(dòng)流程分析》,本篇繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí) Android中Service的啟動(dòng)流程西采。

Service的啟動(dòng)方式

有兩種,分別是startService()僚稿,bindService()蹦掐,經(jīng)歷的生命周期也不太一樣。

  1. 通過 startService()
    onCreate() -> onStartCommand() -> onDestroy()
    建議不要在onStartCommand()做耗時(shí)操作

  2. 通過 bindService()
    onCreate() -> onbind() -> onUnbind()-> onDestroy()

Service的所有生命周期方法都是在主線程進(jìn)行的户辞,即ActivityThread啟動(dòng)的線程

onStartCommand()返回值種類:

  • START_NOT_STICKY
  • START_STRCKY
  • START_REDELIVER_INTENT

Service以及四大組件多進(jìn)程泌类?

android的四大組件都可以開啟多進(jìn)程,通過manifest文件設(shè)置process屬性

可以同時(shí)startService()和bindService()時(shí)底燎?如何退出刃榨?

答案是可以的,參考 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22804827/article/details/78609636

  1. service的onCreate只會(huì)執(zhí)行一次双仍,onBind也只會(huì)執(zhí)行一次枢希,onStartCommand可以執(zhí)行多次
  2. 無論多少個(gè)Activity綁定了Service,onBind()和onUnBind()只會(huì)執(zhí)行一次
  3. 多個(gè)Activity綁定Service朱沃,只有所有的Activity與Service綁定的Contxet失效后苞轿,Service才會(huì)執(zhí)行onUnbind(),最后onDestory()進(jìn)行銷毀
  4. 多個(gè)Activity綁定Service逗物,只有所有的Activity調(diào)用stopService()搬卒,或者在Service內(nèi)部調(diào)用stopSelf(),最后才會(huì)停止服務(wù)翎卓。
  5. 同時(shí)startService()和bindService()契邀,只有stopService() 加上unBindService()讓context失效,最后才會(huì)停止服務(wù)失暴。

涉及的類

  1. ContextImpl:Context的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)
  2. ActivityManagerService:四大組件的服務(wù)管理坯门,負(fù)責(zé)分發(fā)任務(wù)
  3. ActiveServices:實(shí)際負(fù)責(zé)Service啟動(dòng)綁定等事情
  4. ApplicationThread:表示APP的主線程,有main函數(shù)
  5. ActivityThread:ActivityThread的內(nèi)部類锐帜,是一個(gè)binder對(duì)象田盈,是ActivityManagerService向ActivityThread通信的橋梁
  6. LoadedApk:

StartService()

描述
//ContextWrapper
public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
    return mBase.startService(service);
}

我們通過Context.startService(),走到ContextWrapper缴阎,mBase是一個(gè)Context允瞧,具體實(shí)現(xiàn)在ContextImpl

// ContextImpl
public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
   warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
   return startServiceCommon(service, false, mUser);
}

private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, boolean requireForeground,
            UserHandle user) {
    try {
        validateServiceIntent(service);
        service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
        ComponentName cn = ActivityManager.getService().startService(
            mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
                        getContentResolver()), requireForeground,
                        getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
        ...
        return cn;
    }
}
  1. validateServiceIntent() 是驗(yàn)證Intent是否合法
  2. AMS運(yùn)行在單獨(dú)的進(jìn)程,是一個(gè)binder蛮拔,ActivityManager.getService() 獲取得到是IActivityManager述暂,它是binder引用,供外部跨進(jìn)程調(diào)用建炫。
// ContextImpl
private void validateServiceIntent(Intent service) {
    if (service.getComponent() == null && service.getPackage() == null) {
        if (getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
            IllegalArgumentException ex = new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Service Intent must be explicit: " + service);
            throw ex;
        } else {
            Log.w(TAG, "Implicit intents with startService are not safe: " + service
                    + " " + Debug.getCallers(2, 3));
        }
    }
}

從上面可以看出畦韭,service.getComponent() == null && service.getPackage() == null 說明是隱式啟動(dòng),5.0以后不支持隱式啟動(dòng)肛跌。

接著看AMS如何啟動(dòng)service

// ActivityManagerService
public ComponentName startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service,
        String resolvedType, boolean requireForeground, String callingPackage, int userId)
        throws TransactionTooLargeException {
   ...
   synchronized(this) {
        final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
        final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        ComponentName res;
        try {
            res = mServices.startServiceLocked(caller, service,
                    resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid,
                    requireForeground, callingPackage, userId);
        } finally {
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

其中 mServices 是 ActiveServices艺配,他負(fù)責(zé)管理Service的活動(dòng)察郁,其實(shí)AMS就像一個(gè)橋梁,由他接收消息转唉,分派任務(wù)給指定的類負(fù)責(zé)皮钠,比如Activity啟動(dòng)就分發(fā)給ActivityStarter,Service的啟動(dòng)就分發(fā)ActiveServices赠法。

// ActiveServices
 ComponentName startServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service, String resolvedType,
        int callingPid, int callingUid, boolean fgRequired, String callingPackage, final int userId)
        throws TransactionTooLargeException {     
     ServiceLookupResult res =
     retrieveServiceLocked(service, resolvedType, callingPackage,
                    callingPid, callingUid, userId, true, callerFg, false, false);
    // retrieveServiceLocked()獲取或者新建一個(gè)ServiceRecord
     final boolean bgLaunch = !mAm.isUidActiveLocked(r.appInfo.uid);
    // 調(diào)用了startServiceInnerLocked
    ComponentName cmp = startServiceInnerLocked(smap, service, r, callerFg, addToStarting);
}

ComponentName startServiceInnerLocked(ServiceMap smap, Intent service, ServiceRecord r,
        boolean callerFg, boolean addToStarting) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
    ServiceState stracker = r.getTracker();
    if (stracker != null) {
        stracker.setStarted(true, mAm.mProcessStats.getMemFactorLocked(), r.lastActivity);
    }
    r.callStart = false;
    synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {
        r.stats.startRunningLocked();
    }
    String error = bringUpServiceLocked(r, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false, false);
    return r.name;
}

bringUpServiceLocked()是一個(gè)很重要的方法麦轰,startService()、bindService()都會(huì)走到砖织。

// ActiveServices
private String bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, int intentFlags, boolean execInFg,
        boolean whileRestarting, boolean permissionsReviewRequired)
        throws TransactionTooLargeException {
            
    if (r.app != null && r.app.thread != null) {
        // Service在運(yùn)行
        sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, false);
        return null;
    }
    ProcessRecord app;// 獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的進(jìn)程ProcessRecord
    if (!isolated) {
       app = mAm.getProcessRecordLocked(procName, r.appInfo.uid, false);
       if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
               // 將其加入到mPendingServices隊(duì)列
               app.addPackage(r.appInfo.packageName, r.appInfo.longVersionCode, mAm.mProcessStats);
               // 真正啟動(dòng)Service
               realStartServiceLocked(r, app, execInFg);
       }
     }
     // 如果app進(jìn)程不存在款侵,則會(huì)AMS startProcessLocked()
     if (app == null && !permissionsReviewRequired) {
         if ((app=mAm.startProcessLocked(procName, r.appInfo, true, intentFlags,
                    hostingType, r.name, false, isolated, false)) == null) {
             bringDownServiceLocked(r);
             return msg;
         }
         if (isolated) {
             r.isolatedProc = app;
         }
     }  
}

如果Service目標(biāo)進(jìn)程不存在會(huì)走AMS startProcessLocked(),跟Activity開啟進(jìn)程一樣侧纯,Process.start創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的進(jìn)程新锈,走到ActivityThread的main函數(shù),創(chuàng)建Application等眶熬。

// AcitveServices
private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
        ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
    app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
        mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo), 
        app.repProcState);
    
    requestServiceBindingsLocked(r, execInFg);
    sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, true);
}

app.thread其實(shí)就是IApplicationThread壕鹉,它是一個(gè)binder,對(duì)應(yīng)的服務(wù)端就是ApplicationThread聋涨,它是ActivityThread的內(nèi)部類,對(duì)外提供跟ActivityThread通信的接口负乡。

最后會(huì)走到ActivityThread.scheduleCreateService()

requestServiceBindingsLocked()跟bindService()有關(guān)牍白,這里先不管

sendServiceArgsLocked()最后會(huì)走到onStartCommand()

// ActivityThread
public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token,
        ServiceInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) {
    updateProcessState(processState, false);
    CreateServiceData s = new CreateServiceData();
    s.token = token;
    s.info = info;
    s.compatInfo = compatInfo;
    sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s);
}

sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s); 就是切換到主線程,因?yàn)閟cheduleCreateService運(yùn)行在binder線程池中抖棘,最后通過H handler處理

// ActivityThread
private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {
        unscheduleGcIdler();
    LoadedApk packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
                data.info.applicationInfo, data.compatInfo);
    Service service = null;
    try {
        // 通過classLoader加載初始化Service
        java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();
        service = packageInfo.getAppFactory()
                .instantiateService(cl, data.info.name, data.intent);
    } 
    try {
        // 創(chuàng)建context
        ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo);
        context.setOuterContext(service);
        // 如果Application不存在茂腥,會(huì)創(chuàng)建Application
        Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
        service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,
                ActivityManager.getService());
        // 調(diào)用service的onCreate()
        service.onCreate();
        mServices.put(data.token, service);
        try {
            ActivityManager.getService().serviceDoneExecuting(
                    data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
        } 
    }
}

handleCreateService()負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)例化service,創(chuàng)建Context切省、Application等最岗,跟Activity的hanleLaunchActivity()很相似。最后調(diào)用Service的onCreate()

再看下onStartCommand()再哪里被調(diào)用朝捆?

// ActiveService
private final void sendServiceArgsLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean execInFg,
    boolean oomAdjusted) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
    r.app.thread.scheduleServiceArgs(r, slice);
}

同樣利用ApplicationThread到達(dá)AcitivityThread所在的進(jìn)程般渡。

//ActivityThread
 public final void scheduleServiceArgs(IBinder token, ParceledListSlice args) {
    List<ServiceStartArgs> list = args.getList();
    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
        ServiceStartArgs ssa = list.get(i);
        ServiceArgsData s = new ServiceArgsData();
        s.token = token;
        s.taskRemoved = ssa.taskRemoved;
        s.startId = ssa.startId;
        s.flags = ssa.flags;
        s.args = ssa.args;
        sendMessage(H.SERVICE_ARGS, s);
    }
 }

 private void handleServiceArgs(ServiceArgsData data) {
    Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
    if (s != null) {
        try {
            ...
            int res;
            if (!data.taskRemoved) {
                res = s.onStartCommand(data.args, data.flags, data.startId);
            } else {
                s.onTaskRemoved(data.args);
                res = Service.START_TASK_REMOVED_COMPLETE;
            }
        } 
    }
}

最后切換到ActivityThread的主線程,調(diào)用onStartCommand()

bindService()

圖片

Service的bindService()跟startService()的流程很類似芙盘,但是他涉及到ServiceConnection的傳輸驯用,還要通過ServiceConnection返回binder的代理給客戶端,通知已經(jīng)綁定成功

public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags) {
    return mBase.bindService(service, conn, flags);
    }

// ContextImpl
public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags) {
    warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
    return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, mMainThread.getHandler(), getUser());
}

private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags, Handler
           handler, UserHandle user) {
    // 轉(zhuǎn)化成IServiceConnection
    if (mPackageInfo != null) {
        sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), handler, flags);
    }
    validateServiceIntent(service);
    try {
         IBinder token = getActivityToken();
          ...
          int res = ActivityManager.getService().bindService(
                mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
                service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
                sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());

        return res != 0;
    } 
}

bindServiceCommon有兩個(gè)主要的任務(wù)儒老,

  1. 生成一個(gè)ServiceConnection的binder服務(wù)蝴乔,這樣當(dāng)Service綁定成功后就可以通過binder引用的接口調(diào)用ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected()。
  2. 將ServiceConnection的對(duì)應(yīng)binder的引用傳給AMS驮樊,并bindService()

其中binder服務(wù)就是LoadApk.ServiceDispatcher薇正,所以mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher()負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)建LoadApk.ServiceDispatcher片酝,并提供binder引用。

其實(shí)在同一進(jìn)程內(nèi)提供的binder實(shí)體挖腰,跨進(jìn)程之后會(huì)通過binder驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為binder引用雕沿,這里通通叫binder,具體可以看Android的binder知識(shí)點(diǎn)

// LoadedApk
public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c,
            Context context, Handler handler, int flags) {
    synchronized (mServices) {
        LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null;
        ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context);
        if (map != null) {
                sd = map.get(c);
        }
        if (sd == null) {
                sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags);
                if (map == null) {
                    map = new ArrayMap<>();
                    mServices.put(context, map);
                }
                map.put(c, sd);
            } else {
                sd.validate(context, handler);
            }
            return sd.getIServiceConnection();
        }
    }

getServiceDispatcher()先查詢是否已經(jīng)存在已有的ServiceConnection對(duì)應(yīng)的LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher曙聂,如果有就直接復(fù)用晦炊,不需要再建立LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher,增加多一個(gè)binder了宁脊。否則就創(chuàng)建ServiceDispatcher断国。

//AMS
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
        String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, String callingPackage,
        int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
    synchronized(this) {
        return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service,
                resolvedType, connection, flags, callingPackage, userId);
    }
}

終于來到了AMS的bindService(),他還是分發(fā)給了ActiveServices負(fù)責(zé)bindServiceLocked()

// ActiveServices
 int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
        String resolvedType, final IServiceConnection connection, int flags,
        String callingPackage, final int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
    // 獲取或創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ServiceRecord
    ServiceLookupResult res =
        retrieveServiceLocked(service, resolvedType, callingPackage, Binder.getCallingPid(),
            Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, true, callerFg, isBindExternal, allowInstant);
    if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
         s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
         if (bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false,
                permissionsReviewRequired) != null) {
           return 0;
         }
    }
}

// ActiveServices
 private String bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, int intentFlags, boolean execInFg,
       boolean whileRestarting, boolean permissionsReviewRequired)
       throws TransactionTooLargeException {

    if (r.app != null && r.app.thread != null) {
       sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, false);
       return null;
   }
   app = mAm.getProcessRecordLocked(procName, r.appInfo.uid, false);
   if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
       try {
           app.addPackage(r.appInfo.packageName, r.appInfo.longVersionCode, mAm.mProcessStats);
           realStartServiceLocked(r, app, execInFg);
           return null;
       } 
   }
}

在ActiveServices的部分流程上跟startService()沒有什么大的不同榆苞,同樣走到realStartServiceLocked()

// AcitveServices
private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
        ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
    app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
        mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
        app.repProcState);

    requestServiceBindingsLocked(r, execInFg);
    sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, true);
}

app.thread.scheduleCreateService()負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)建service稳衬,不在分析,這里講上面沒說到的requestServiceBindingsLocked()方法坐漏,最后怎么調(diào)用到了ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected()

// AcitveServices
 private final void requestServiceBindingsLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean execInFg)
        throws TransactionTooLargeException {
    for (int i=r.bindings.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
        IntentBindRecord ibr = r.bindings.valueAt(i);
        if (!requestServiceBindingLocked(r, ibr, execInFg, false)) {
            break;
        }
    }
}

private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r, IntentBindRecord i,
        boolean execInFg, boolean rebind) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
    r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,
        r.app.repProcState);
}

利用IApplicationThread切換到ActivityThread薄疚,最后切換到主線程,調(diào)用handleBindService()赊琳。這部分基本上是一樣的街夭。

// ActivityThread
private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
    Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
    if (s != null) {
    try {
        data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
        data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
        try {
            if (!data.rebind) {
                // 調(diào)用了onBind(),返回一個(gè)IBinder對(duì)象
                IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
                ActivityManager.getService().publishService(
                    data.token, data.intent, binder);
            } else {
                s.onRebind(data.intent);
                ActivityManager.getService().serviceDoneExecuting(
                data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
                }
                ensureJitEnabled();
            } 
        } 
    }
}

IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
調(diào)用了Service的生命周期onBind()躏筏,還返回了一個(gè)binder(這里應(yīng)該是binder實(shí)體板丽,因?yàn)橥粋€(gè)進(jìn)程內(nèi)),本來開始以為這里會(huì)利用LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher的binder引用調(diào)用ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected()趁尼,實(shí)際上并沒有埃碱,而是又跨進(jìn)程調(diào)用AMS的pubishService,由AMS回調(diào)ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected()

// AMS
public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
    synchronized(this) {
        mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);
    }
}

這里老規(guī)矩酥泞,AMS分發(fā)任務(wù)給ActiveServices

// ActiveServices
void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
    final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
    if (r != null) {
        Intent.FilterComparison filter = new Intent.FilterComparison(intent);
        IntentBindRecord b = r.bindings.get(filter);
        if (b != null && !b.received) {
            b.binder = service;
            b.requested = true;
            b.received = true;
            for (int conni=r.connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {
                ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = r.connections.valueAt(conni);
                for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {
                    ConnectionRecord c = clist.get(i);
                    if (!filter.equals(c.binding.intent.intent)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    ...
                    c.conn.connected(r.name, service, false);
                }
             }
             ...
         }
     } 
}

這里知道為什么了ActivityThread沒有直接跨進(jìn)程調(diào)用ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected()砚殿,原來只有AMS保存了LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher的binder引用,最后調(diào)用 c.conn.connected(r.name, service, false);

// LoadApk.InnerConnection
private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
    final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;
    InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
        mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
    }
    public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead)
          throws RemoteException {
          LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
          if (sd != null) {
              sd.connected(name, service, dead);
          }
    }
}

這里可以看出InnerConnection就是一個(gè)binder芝囤,他的作用就是讓其他進(jìn)程可以跨進(jìn)程調(diào)用到connected()似炎。

最后在 LoadApk.InnerConnection利用ServiceDispatcher 調(diào)用了onServiceConnected()方法。

流程圖

描述

總結(jié)

(沒想好悯姊,待補(bǔ)上)

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