階段總結(jié)
? ?? ?這一陣子對flask的學(xué)習(xí)主要是參考文檔和網(wǎng)易云課堂的視頻教程捻艳，簡單了解的項目結(jié)構(gòu)搭建抢野、模型建立米罚、路由之景、裝飾器等使用裁良，雖然都說flask是很輕量級很快的框架失受，但是畢竟能力尚淺還沒有具體感受到其中的重點亚斋，但是簡單的功能開發(fā)已經(jīng)可以實現(xiàn)了鸳慈，后期還有包括藍(lán)圖、緩存機(jī)制架馋、異步等都只能等之后慢慢在項目中摸索了狞山，實驗室新任務(wù)必須轉(zhuǎn)到sanic去了，所以Flask的學(xué)習(xí)得先放一陣子了叉寂，這里簡單總結(jié)下萍启，并把網(wǎng)易云課堂里面的案例給大家展示一下
案例
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項目結(jié)構(gòu)
image.png - 模型(models.py)
models里面主要是模型的建立，用戶模型屏鳍、問答模型和評論模型勘纯，重點在于外鍵和反向關(guān)聯(lián)這一塊，模型的遷移以及表更新的代碼塊都在manage.py內(nèi)
from exts import db
from datetime import datetime
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'user'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
telephone = db.Column(db.String(11), nullable=False)
username = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False)
password = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
class Question(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'question'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False)
content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
author_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('questions'))
class Comment(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'comment'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
question_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('question.id'))
create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('comments'))
question = db.relationship('Question', backref=db.backref('comments'), order_by=create_time.desc())
- 配置(config.py)
配置文件都單獨出來钓瞭，里面主要是數(shù)據(jù)庫連接上的配置,數(shù)據(jù)庫還是使用的mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫屡律，使用pymysql連接
import os
import pymysql
SECRET_KEY = os.urandom(24)
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI ='mysql+pymysql://root:299521@127.0.0.1:3306/flask_test'
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
- 擴(kuò)展包(exts.py)
exts里面對db進(jìn)行初始化，放置主文件與models文件相互調(diào)用產(chǎn)生異常
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()
- 包管理(manage.py)
重點是要引入模型和app以及對命令的添加降淮，執(zhí)行遷移時一定記得父命令(db)
from flask_script import Manager
from flask_migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand
from flask_test import app
from exts import db
import pymysql
from models import User, Question
manager = Manager(app)
migrate = Migrate(app, db)
manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
- 裝飾器(decorators.py)
這里涉及到對登錄的驗證超埋，所以自定義了裝飾器，對裝飾器不太熟悉的話建議去看看文檔
from functools import wraps
from flask import session
from flask import redirect, url_for
def login_required(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
if session.get('user_id'):
return func(*args, **kwargs)
else:
return redirect(url_for('login'))
return wrapper
- 主文件(flask_test.py)
主要代碼塊里面重點在于對表單數(shù)據(jù)的提取佳鳖，GET霍殴、POST請求的差異，其它諸如url_for系吩，模板渲染都相對基礎(chǔ)来庭，session的設(shè)置和路由參數(shù)指定也可以詳細(xì)看一下
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, session, url_for, redirect
import config
from decorators import login_required
import pymysql
from exts import db
from models import User, Question, Comment
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config)
db.init_app(app)
@app.route('/')
def index():
context = {
'questions': Question.query.order_by('-create_time').all()
}
return render_template('index.html', **context)
@app.route('/detail/<question_id>/')
def detail(question_id):
question_model = Question.query.filter(Question.id == question_id).first()
return render_template('detail.html', question = question_model)
@app.route('/comment/', methods=['POST'])
@login_required
def comment():
content = request.form.get('content')
question_id = request.form.get('question_id')
comment = Comment(content=content)
user_id = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.filter(User.id==user_id).first()
comment.user = user
question = Question.query.filter(Question.id==question_id).first()
comment.question = question
db.session.add(comment)
db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('detail', question_id=question_id))
@app.route('/login/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
else:
telephone = request.form.get('telephone')
password = request.form.get('password')
user = User.query.filter(User.telephone == telephone, User.password == password).first()
if user:
session['user_id'] = user.id
session.permanent = True
return redirect(url_for('index'))
else:
return '登錄失敗'
@app.route('/register/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('register.html')
else:
telephone = request.form.get('telephone')
username = request.form.get('username')
password1 = request.form.get('password1')
password2 = request.form.get('password2')
if User.query.filter(User.telephone == telephone).first():
return '當(dāng)前號碼已注冊'
else:
if User.query.filter(User.username == username).first():
return 'username已注冊'
else:
if password1 == password2:
user = User(username=username, telephone=telephone, password=password2)
db.session.add(user)
db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('login'))
else:
return '密碼不符合'
@app.route('/logout/' )
def logout():
session.pop('user_id')
return redirect(url_for('login'))
@app.route('/push_article/', methods=['GET', 'POST'] )
@login_required
def push_article():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('push.html')
else:
title = request.form.get('title')
content = request.form.get('content')
question = Question(title=title, content=content)
user_id = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.filter(User.id==user_id).first()
question.author = user
db.session.add(question)
db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('index'))
@app.context_processor
def has_user():
user_id = session.get('user_id')
if user_id:
user = User.query.filter(User.id == user_id).first()
if user:
return {'user':user}
else:
return {}
else:
return {}
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
總結(jié)
總體來說，案例很簡單穿挨，綜合考察了之前所總結(jié)的所有小模塊的功能月弛，最后結(jié)合Bootstrap一起做了一個簡易博客的小案例，頁面其實不用太過在意科盛，重點關(guān)注與后臺實現(xiàn)帽衙，大家不熟悉的話建議嘗試一下這個案例
- 完整代碼詳情參考Github或者網(wǎng)易云課堂
