odoo模塊構(gòu)造
1.odoo模塊由manifest定義豪直，每個(gè)模塊同時(shí)也是一個(gè)python包劣摇，通過init文件進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入，可以通過odoo內(nèi)置命令生成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的模塊
odoo-bin scaffold <module name> <where to put it>
2.數(shù)據(jù)模型
odoo的數(shù)據(jù)模型通過繼承一個(gè)Model的類定義弓乙，__name字段定義數(shù)據(jù)模型名稱末融，例：
from odoo import models
class MinimalModel(models.Model):
_name = 'test.model'
3.數(shù)據(jù)字段
- odoo數(shù)據(jù)字段通過定義model的屬性來實(shí)現(xiàn)
from odoo import models, fields
class LessMinimalModel(models.Model):
_name = 'test.model2'
name = fields.Char()
- 字段也可以添加屬性
name=field.Char(required=True) - 通用屬性：
string (unicode, default: field's name) 定義用戶在界面看到的名字
required (bool, default: False) 是否為必選字段
help (unicode, default: '') 用于用戶界面提示
index (bool, default: False) 數(shù)據(jù)庫索引 - 保留字段
id (Id) 數(shù)據(jù)表主鍵
create_date (Datetime) 創(chuàng)建時(shí)間
create_uid (Many2one) 創(chuàng)建人id
write_date (Datetime) 最近修改時(shí)間
write_uid (Many2one) 最近修改人id - 特殊字段
odoo所有表默認(rèn)有一個(gè)name字段
4.數(shù)據(jù)文件
模塊數(shù)據(jù)通過xml文件定義，每個(gè)<record>對(duì)應(yīng)創(chuàng)建或更新一條數(shù)據(jù)表數(shù)據(jù)
<odoo>
<data>
<record model="{model name}" id="{record identifier}">
<field name="{a field name}">{a value}</field>
</record>
</data>
</odoo>
model是模型名稱暇韧，id是模型ID勾习，field name是字段名字，value是值
數(shù)據(jù)文件需要通過manifest文件的進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入懈玻，定義在data里代表總是導(dǎo)入巧婶，定義在demo里表示只在演示模式下才導(dǎo)入
5.菜單和響應(yīng)動(dòng)作
菜單可以通過menuitem來定義
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="action_list_ideas">
<field name="name">Ideas</field>
<field name="res_model">idea.idea</field>
<field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
</record>
<menuitem id="menu_ideas" parent="menu_root" name="Ideas" sequence="10"
action="action_list_ideas"/>
注意：action必須在菜單之前定義，xml文件是順序加載的
視圖
- 基本視圖是以模型的ir.ui.view定義的涂乌，視圖類型需要用arch字段來指定
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="view_id">
<field name="name">view.name</field>
<field name="model">object_name</field>
<field name="priority" eval="16"/>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<!-- view content: <form>, <tree>, <graph>, ... -->
</field>
</record>
- 列表（以列表形式展示數(shù)據(jù)）
<tree string="Idea list">
<field name="name"/>
<field name="inventor_id"/>
</tree>
- 表單(用于編輯和新增數(shù)據(jù)）
<form string="Idea form">
<group colspan="4">
<group colspan="2" col="2">
<separator string="General stuff" colspan="2"/>
<field name="name"/>
<field name="inventor_id"/>
</group>
<group colspan="2" col="2">
<separator string="Dates" colspan="2"/>
<field name="active"/>
<field name="invent_date" readonly="1"/>
</group>
<notebook colspan="4">
<page string="Description">
<field name="description" nolabel="1"/>
</page>
</notebook>
<field name="state"/>
</group>
</form>
- 多tab表單
<sheet>
<group>
<field name="name"/>
</group>
<notebook>
<page string="Description">
<field name="description"/>
</page>
<page string="About">
This is an example of notebooks
</page>
</notebook>
</sheet>
- 表單視圖也支持原始html
<form string="Idea Form">
<header>
<button string="Confirm" type="object" name="action_confirm"
states="draft" class="oe_highlight" />
<button string="Mark as done" type="object" name="action_done"
states="confirmed" class="oe_highlight"/>
<button string="Reset to draft" type="object" name="action_draft"
states="confirmed,done" />
<field name="state" widget="statusbar"/>
</header>
<sheet>
<div class="oe_title">
<label for="name" class="oe_edit_only" string="Idea Name" />
<h1><field name="name" /></h1>
</div>
<separator string="General" colspan="2" />
<group colspan="2" col="2">
<field name="description" placeholder="Idea description..." />
</group>
</sheet>
</form>
- 搜索
通過search元素來決定搜索時(shí)使用的字段
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="course_search_view">
<field name="name">course.search</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.course</field>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<search>
<field name="name"/>
<field name="description"/>
</search>
</field>
</record>
數(shù)據(jù)模型之間關(guān)聯(lián)
一個(gè)開放學(xué)院可以對(duì)應(yīng)有多項(xiàng)開設(shè)的課程艺栈，多個(gè)會(huì)議，會(huì)議有名字湾盒、開始時(shí)間湿右、持續(xù)時(shí)間等屬性
class Courses(models.Model):
_name = 'academy.courses'
name = fields.Char(string="Title", required=True)
description = fields.Text()
class Session(models.Model):
_name = 'academy.session'
name = fields.Char(required=True)
start_date = fields.Date()
duration = fields.Float(digits=(6, 2), help="Duration in days")
seats = fields.Integer(string="Number of seats")
view.xml
<!-- session form view -->
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="session_form_view">
<field name="name">session.form</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.session</field>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<form string="Session Form">
<sheet>
<group>
<field name="name"/>
<field name="start_date"/>
<field name="duration"/>
<field name="seats"/>
</group>
</sheet>
</form>
</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="session_list_action">
<field name="name">Sessions</field>
<field name="res_model">openacademy.session</field>
<field name="view_type">form</field>
<field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
</record>
<!-- top level menu: no parent -->
<menuitem id="main_openacademy_menu" name="Open Academy"/>
<!-- A first level in the left side menu is needed
before using action= attribute -->
<menuitem id="openacademy_menu" name="Open Academy"
parent="main_openacademy_menu"/>
<menuitem id="session_menu" name="Sessions"
parent="openacademy_menu"
action="session_list_action"/>
其中digits=(6, 2) 是浮點(diǎn)數(shù)的定義
數(shù)據(jù)模型之間通過字段關(guān)聯(lián)
1.多對(duì)一
Many2one(other_model, ondelete='set null')
使用：print foo.other_id.name
2.一對(duì)多
One2many(other_model, related_field)
一對(duì)多是虛擬的關(guān)系(一對(duì)多定義時(shí)必須保證有對(duì)應(yīng)的多對(duì)一關(guān)系存在，且related_field要一致)罚勾，使用的時(shí)候以集合的方式
for other in foo.other_ids:
print other.name
3.多對(duì)多
Many2many(other_model)毅人，以集合的方式讀取數(shù)據(jù)
for other in foo.other_ids:
print other.name
實(shí)例：
#models.py
class Courses(models.Model):
_name = 'academy.courses'
name = fields.Char(string="Title", required=True)
description = fields.Text()
responsible_id = fields.Many2one('res.users',
ondelete='set null', string="Responsible", index=True)
class Session(models.Model):
_name = 'academy.session'
name = fields.Char(required=True)
start_date = fields.Date()
duration = fields.Float(digits=(6, 2), help="Duration in days")
seats = fields.Integer(string="Number of seats")
instructor_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', string="Instructor")
course_id = fields.Many2one('openacademy.course',
ondelete='cascade', string="Course", required=True)
#view.xml
<!-- course表單視圖 -->
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="course_form_view">
<field name="name">courses.form</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.courses</field>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<form string="Course Form">
<sheet>
<group>
<field name="name"/>
<field name="responsible_id"/>
</group>
<notebook>
<page string="Description">
<field name="description"/>
</page>
<page string="About">
This is an example of notebooks
</page>
</notebook>
</sheet>
</form>
</field>
</record>
<!-- 課程視圖 -->
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="course_search_view">
<field name="name">courses.search</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.courses</field>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<search>
<field name="name"/>
<field name="description"/>
</search>
</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="course_tree_view">
<field name="name">courses.tree</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.courses</field>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<tree string="Course Tree">
<field name="name"/>
<field name="responsible_id"/>
</tree>
</field>
</record>
<!-- session 表單視圖 -->
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="session_form_view">
<field name="name">session.form</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.session</field>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<form string="Session Form">
<sheet>
<group>
<group string="General">
<field name="course_id"/>
<field name="name"/>
<field name="instructor_id"/>
</group>
<group string="Schedule">
<field name="start_date"/>
<field name="duration"/>
<field name="seats"/>
</group>
</group>
</sheet>
</form>
</field>
</record>
<!-- session tree/list view -->
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="session_tree_view">
<field name="name">session.tree</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.session</field>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<tree string="Session Tree">
<field name="name"/>
<field name="course_id"/>
</tree>
</field>
</record>
<!-- session 列表視圖吭狡，點(diǎn)擊二級(jí)菜單進(jìn)入 -->
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="session_list_action">
<field name="name">Sessions</field>
<field name="res_model">openacademy.session</field>
<field name="view_type">form</field>
<field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
</record>
<!--頂級(jí)菜單 -->
<menuitem id="main_openacademy_menu" name="Open Academy"/>
<!-- 一級(jí)菜單 -->
<menuitem id="openacademy_menu" name="Open Academy"
parent="main_openacademy_menu"/>
<!-- 二級(jí)菜單 鏈接到 session_list record -->
<menuitem id="session_menu" name="Sessions"
parent="openacademy_menu"
action="session_list_action"/>
重啟odoo，搜索academy并安裝堰塌，進(jìn)入academy試試效果
繼承
1.模型繼承
odoo提供兩種繼承機(jī)制：
- 在模塊內(nèi)直接修改在其他模塊中定義的model如：添加字段赵刑、重寫字段定義、添加約束條件场刑、添加函數(shù)方法般此、重寫已定義方法
- 使用代理機(jī)制，子模型可以訪問父模型的屬性牵现，且可以自定義其他屬性
2.視圖繼承
odoo提供視圖繼續(xù)用于在原有視圖上進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展铐懊，通過inherit_id字段來關(guān)聯(lián)父級(jí)視圖，在arch元素里通過添加xpath元素來引入父級(jí)視圖內(nèi)容,例：
<record id="idea_category_list2" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">id.category.list2</field>
<field name="model">idea.category</field>
<field name="inherit_id" ref="id_category_list"/>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<!-- find field description and add the field
idea_ids after it -->
<xpath expr="http://field[@name='description']" position="after">
<field name="idea_ids" string="Number of ideas"/>
</xpath>
</field>
</record>
expr屬性用于指定從父視圖中選擇使用的元素
position指定該元素的的使用inside表示添加到匹配到的元素后
replace表示替換匹配到的元素
before表示添加到匹配的元素前瞎疼，與其同級(jí)
after表示同級(jí)添加到匹配到的元素后
attributes用于改變匹配元素的attribute屬性
實(shí)例：
使用模型繼承給partner模型添加一個(gè)instructor字段科乎，一個(gè)多對(duì)多的session-partner關(guān)系，使用視圖繼承在partner表單視圖中展示
1.創(chuàng)建models/partner.py并在init里導(dǎo)入
2.創(chuàng)建views/partner.xml并在manifest加載
#models/__init__.py
from . import models
from . import partner
#__manifest__.py
'data': [
'security/ir.model.access.csv',
'views/views.xml',
'views/partner.xml',
]
#models/partner.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from odoo import fields, models
class Partner(models.Model):
_inherit = 'res.partner'
# Add a new column to the res.partner model, by default partners are not
# instructors
instructor = fields.Boolean("Instructor", default=False)
session_ids = fields.Many2many('openacademy.session',
string="Attended Sessions", readonly=True)
#views/partner.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<odoo>
<data>
<!-- 在原來視圖基礎(chǔ)上添加instructor字段 -->
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="partner_instructor_form_view">
<field name="name">partner.instructor</field>
<field name="model">res.partner</field>
<field name="inherit_id" ref="base.view_partner_form"/>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
<notebook position="inside">
<page string="Sessions">
<group>
<field name="instructor"/>
<field name="session_ids"/>
</group>
</page>
</notebook>
</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="contact_list_action">
<field name="name">Contacts</field>
<field name="res_model">res.partner</field>
<field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
</record>
<menuitem id="configuration_menu" name="Configuration"
parent="main_openacademy_menu"/>
<menuitem id="contact_menu" name="Contacts"
parent="configuration_menu"
action="contact_list_action"/>
</data>
</odoo>
需要先卸載再重裝模塊上面的例子才能正確運(yùn)行贼急。
3.domain表達(dá)式
domain表達(dá)式類似于三元表達(dá)式茅茂，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行篩選
[('product_type', '=', 'service'), ('unit_price', '>', 1000)] 此表達(dá)式篩選出產(chǎn)品類型為service而且價(jià)格大于1000的記錄
& ,|, ! 羅輯運(yùn)算符可用于多表達(dá)式聯(lián)接，但它是寫在domain表達(dá)式之前的而不是在兩個(gè)表達(dá)式之間
['|',
('product_type', '=', 'service'),
'!', '&',
('unit_price', '>=', 1000),
('unit_price', '<', 2000)]
上面表達(dá)式篩選出產(chǎn)品類型為service或價(jià)格不在1000-2000之間的記錄
domain表達(dá)式可作用于關(guān)聯(lián)字段太抓，用來控制顯示在客戶端的數(shù)據(jù)
#models.py
#在session模型中對(duì)instructor_id進(jìn)行限制空闲，只有instructor被設(shè)置為true的才顯示
instructor_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', string="Instructor",
domain=[('instructor', '=', True)])
# instructor為true或者partner分類為teacher（teacher LV1，teacher LV2）
instructor_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', string="Instructor",
domain=['|', ('instructor', '=', True),
('category_id.name', 'ilike', "Teacher")])
#partner.xml
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="contact_cat_list_action">
<field name="name">Contact Tags</field>
<field name="res_model">res.partner.category</field>
<field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
</record>
<menuitem id="contact_cat_menu" name="Contact Tags"
parent="configuration_menu"
action="contact_cat_list_action"/>
<record model="res.partner.category" id="teacher1">
<field name="name">Teacher / Level 1</field>
</record>
<record model="res.partner.category" id="teacher2">
<field name="name">Teacher / Level 2</field>
</record>
重啟進(jìn)入走敌，instructor欄目只會(huì)顯示篩選過后的記錄了
數(shù)據(jù)模型自定義字段
1.實(shí)時(shí)計(jì)算字段
odoo模型不僅可以使用數(shù)據(jù)庫的字段碴倾，還可以通過函數(shù)實(shí)時(shí)計(jì)算 定義字段，在model里self是一個(gè)集合掉丽，可以使用循環(huán)來讀取跌榔，每一個(gè)循環(huán)得到單條記錄
import random
from odoo import models, fields, api
class ComputedModel(models.Model):
_name = 'test.computed'
name = fields.Char(compute='_compute_name')
@api.multi
def _compute_name(self):
for record in self:
record.name = str(random.randint(1, 1e6))
實(shí)時(shí)函數(shù)調(diào)用的字段往往依賴于其他字段，odoo提供depends裝飾器用于聲明捶障，可以為ORM提供一個(gè)觸發(fā)器:@api.depends('seats', 'attendee_ids')
實(shí)例：為session模型添加一個(gè)上座率字段并用加載條顯示
#models.py 添加
taken_seats = fields.Float(string="Taken seats", compute='_taken_seats')
@api.depends('seats', 'attendee_ids')
def _taken_seats(self):
for r in self:
if not r.seats:
r.taken_seats = 0.0
else:
r.taken_seats = 100.0 * len(r.attendee_ids) / r.seats
#views.xml
#在session的form和tree view里添加field元素
<field name="taken_seats" widget="progressbar"/>
2.默認(rèn)值字段
定義字段時(shí)可使用default=x選項(xiàng)僧须，x可以是特定的值或者通過計(jì)算得來
name = fields.Char(default="Unknown")
user_id = fields.Many2one('res.users', default=lambda self: self.env.user)
self.env提供了很多有用的特性
self.env.cr 或 self._cr -- 當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢游標(biāo)
self.env.uid 或 self._uid -- 當(dāng)前用戶在數(shù)據(jù)庫中id
self.env.user -- 當(dāng)前用戶在數(shù)據(jù)庫中的記錄
self.env.context 或 self._context -- 當(dāng)前上下文dictionary
self.env.ref(xml_id) -- 當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)XML
self.env[model_name] -- 返回給定model的實(shí)例
實(shí)例：
start_date = fields.Date(default=fields.Date.today)
active = fields.Boolean(default=True)
onchange
odoo有一個(gè)onchange機(jī)制，不需要保存數(shù)據(jù)到數(shù)據(jù)庫就可以實(shí)時(shí)更新用戶界面上的顯示
例：
# models.py
# onchange handler
#假設(shè)有總量残邀、單價(jià)皆辽、數(shù)量，在變更單價(jià)時(shí)總量實(shí)時(shí)更新
@api.onchange('amount', 'unit_price')
def _onchange_price(self):
# set auto-changing field
self.price = self.amount * self.unit_price
# Can optionally return a warning and domains
return {
'warning': {
'title': "Something bad happened",
'message': "It was very bad indeed",
}
}
#監(jiān)聽座位數(shù)的改變芥挣，實(shí)時(shí)校驗(yàn)數(shù)值是否有誤驱闷，輸入錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)會(huì)彈框報(bào)錯(cuò)
@api.onchange('seats', 'attendee_ids')
def _verify_valid_seats(self):
if self.seats < 0:
return {
'warning': {
'title': "Incorrect 'seats' value",
'message': "The number of available seats may not be negative",
},
}
if self.seats < len(self.attendee_ids):
return {
'warning': {
'title': "Too many attendees",
'message': "Increase seats or remove excess attendees",
},
}
模型約束
odoo提供兩種方法來校驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)：python程序校驗(yàn)和sql約束
- python程序用constrains()方法來校驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，裝飾器方法定義需要校驗(yàn)的字段空免，校驗(yàn)函數(shù)在數(shù)據(jù)不合法時(shí)拋出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤
from odoo.exceptions import ValidationError
@api.constrains('age')
def _check_something(self):
for record in self:
if record.age > 20:
raise ValidationError("Your record is too old: %s" % record.age)
# all records passed the test, don't return anything
- sql約束使用的是模型的_sql_constraints屬性空另，里面是一個(gè)校驗(yàn)列表，每一個(gè)元素有三個(gè)子元素蹋砚，(name, sql_definition, message)扼菠，name是自定義的約束名稱摄杂、sql_definition是一個(gè)sql表達(dá)式、message是校驗(yàn)失敗時(shí)返回的錯(cuò)誤消息
_sql_constraints = [
('name_description_check',
'CHECK(name != description)',
"The title of the course should not be the description"),
('name_unique',
'UNIQUE(name)',
"The course title must be unique"),
]
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