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The Cardinal Virtue of Prose
或者翻譯成：散文最重要的美德
cardinal尊残。非常正式的詞。最重要的；最主要的绘梦；基本的。a cardinal rule; a cardinal quality
virtue赴魁。
①做不可數(shù)名詞時卸奉，不加冠詞，籠統(tǒng)地表示“崇高的道德”颖御。a man of virtue榄棵，一個有道德的人。
②做可數(shù)名詞時潘拱，是指具體的某一種德行疹鳄。Kindness is a virtue. 與人為善是一種德行。
③轉用到非人的事物上芦岂，virtue可以代表該事物籠統(tǒng)的“有好處”瘪弓、“功效（不可數(shù)）”或者一個具體的優(yōu)點（可數(shù)）。
“有好處” There is no virtue in what he says.
“功效” The virtue of this drug is temporary.
“優(yōu)點” The main virtue of steel is its strength.
prose禽最。prose統(tǒng)稱“散文”腺怯，poetry和verse統(tǒng)稱“詩”。一篇散文川无，a piece of pross呛占；多篇散文，pieces of prose舀透；散文作者栓票，prose writer。
選文是一篇關于散文的短論，全文只有一段走贪，論述散文的品質——合理.
全文共七句話佛猛，分別從散文本身、作者坠狡、讀者三個角度談散文的品質：
前三句講散文本身继找，中間三句講作者，最后一句講讀者逃沿。
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首先分析第一句話婴渡。
Prose of its very nature is longer than verse, and the virtues peculiar to it manifest themselves gradually.
散文，就其本質而言凯亮，比韻文篇幅長边臼，而且，其特有的品質是逐漸展現(xiàn)出來的假消。
這是一個并列句柠并，由and連接。
第一句：
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Prose of its very nature is longer than verse.
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散文比詩歌篇幅長富拗。
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of its very nature臼予，介賓結構做后置定語，修飾prose啃沪，最本質的散文粘拾。
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verse。
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①做不可數(shù)名詞時创千，是詩體缰雇、韻文的意思。
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I have been moved to write a few lines of verse.
我因感動而寫下了幾句詩签餐。
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②做可數(shù)名詞時寓涨，是詩節(jié)的意思。
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This verse describes three signs of spring.
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這節(jié)詩描繪了春天來臨的三個征兆氯檐。
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第二句：
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The virtues peculiar to it manifest themselves gradually.
其品質是逐漸展現(xiàn)的戒良。
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peculiar。特有的冠摄；獨特的糯崎。
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If somthing is peculiar to a particular thing,person,or situation,it belongs or relates only to that thing,person,or situations.
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The problem is peculiar to America.
問題僅限于美國。
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manifest河泳。v沃呢，逐漸顯露出來變得可見。
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He manifested a pleasing personality on stage.
在臺上他表現(xiàn)出惹人喜愛的個性拆挥。
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該句本來是：
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The virtue which is peculiar to prose manifest themselves gradually.
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2
接下來是第二句的分析薄霜。
If the cardinal virtue of poetry is love, the cardinal virtue of prose is justice; and, whereas love makes you act and speak on the spur of the moment, justice needs inquiry, patience, and a control even of the noblest passions.
如果說詩最重要的品質是愛某抓，散文最重要的品質就是合理；而且惰瓜，盡管“愛”使你一時沖動而行動否副、而抒發(fā)，“合理”則需要調查崎坊，需要耐心备禀，需要控制即使是最崇高的激情.
以分號為界限，這是兩句話奈揍。
whereas曲尸。連詞，表示對比男翰，可以譯為但是然而另患，與while可以呼喚。
He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.
他肯定有60歲上下了奏篙，可他妻子看起來只有30多歲柴淘。
spur。spur原來是馬刺的意思秘通，騎手用馬刺敲打馬腹，催促馬跑得快一些敛熬。因此動詞spur有促進肺稀；加速；推動的意思应民。
Mr Gates has helped to spur progress.
蓋茨先生已經(jīng)為推動研究進步做出貢獻话原。
on the spur of moment。一時沖動诲锹，心血來潮繁仁。
It was a spur of moment thing.
我們一時沖動。
inquiry归园。調查黄虱；詢問。
There's already talk of a parliamentary inquiry.
已經(jīng)有人在國會質詢了庸诱。
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第三句話捻浦。
By justice here I do not mean justice only to particular people or ideas, but a habit of justice in all the processes of thought, a style tranquillized and a form moulded by that habit.
關于合理，我不是指只針對具體人或具體思想的合理桥爽，而是指在思想的全過程中的一種合理的習慣朱灿，一種由此習慣所形成的沉穩(wěn)的文風和由此習慣所造就的形式。
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tranquillize钠四。動詞盗扒，（用鎮(zhèn)定劑）使安定，使鎮(zhèn)靜，使昏睡
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to tranquillize a person or an animal means to make them become calm, sleepy, or unconscious by means of a drug.
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This powerful drug is used to tranquillize patients undergoing surgery.
這種強效劑被用來麻醉手術病人侣灶。
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tranquillizer习霹。鎮(zhèn)定劑。
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She had become addicted to tranquillizers.
她吃鎮(zhèn)定劑已經(jīng)上癮了炫隶。
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While she wants to report this incident to the police, her face is covering by a tranquillizer handkerchief.
當她準備向公安報告此事淋叶，一塊染有迷暈藥的手帕已經(jīng)掩在她的臉上。
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mould伪阶。名詞是模具煞檩、模子的意思；因此動詞是塑造的意思栅贴，進一步引申出影響斟湃、改變的意思。
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“模具” They poured the hot metal into the mould.
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“塑造” My brother and I moulded a chair out of mud.
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“影響” She was only 17 at the time and the experience moulded her personality.那時她只有17歲檐薯，那次經(jīng)歷影響了她的性格凝赛。
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4
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后面三句，開始講作者本身坛缕。
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The master of prose is not cold, but he will not let any word or image inflame him with a heat irrelevant to his purpose.
散文大師并不冷漠墓猎，但他也不允許那些滿漢激情，但又與他的初衷毫不相干的詞語或形象來激發(fā)他的情感赚楚。
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the master of pross毙沾，巧妙地轉換了話題，非常簡練宠页。
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inflame.經(jīng)常在新聞中出現(xiàn)左胞。v，使更加激動举户；引起……的熱情烤宙。
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If something inflames a situation or inflames people's feeling, it makes people feel even more strongly about somthing.
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The General holds the rebels responsible for inlaming the situation.
將軍認為叛亂者是造成形勢激化的原因。
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The shooting has only inflamed passions further.
槍擊事件無疑是火上澆油俭嘁。
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irrelevant.
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“不相關的” irrelevant details躺枕，不相關的細節(jié)。
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“無關緊要的” The choice of subject matter is irrelevant.體裁的選擇無關緊要兄淫。
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Unhasting, unresting, he pursues it, subduing all the riches of his mind to it, rejecting all beauties that are not germane to it; making his own beauty out of the very accomplishment of it, out of the whole work and its proportions, so that you must read to the end before you know that it is beautiful.
他不慌不忙屯远、永不停止地追求著，克制著腦子里豐富的思想活動捕虽，摒棄所有與之無關的美慨丐，從完成的作品中，從作品的整體和各部分之間和諧的關系里泄私，去創(chuàng)造自己的美房揭。因此你必須把作品讀完备闲，才能知道它是美的。
haste.中性詞捅暴，褒義時指行動迅速恬砂，事情做的又快又好；貶義時蓬痒，指做事急躁泻骤，行為魯莽。inhaste, in great haste, make haste都沒有冠詞a.
I'm in haste to get this letter to you.
I'm making haste to get this letter to you.
unhasting.adj,不慌不忙的
unresting.adj梧奢，不休息的
subdue.
動詞狱掂，征服、制服亲轨、控制 If soldiers or the police subdue a group of people, they defeat them or bring them under control by using force.
It took three men to subdue him.
作借喻趋惨，克制情感，壓制 To subdue feelings means to make them less strong.
the riches of his mind.腦中豐富的奇思妙想惦蚊。
germane.有密切聯(lián)系的器虾；有重要關聯(lián)的 sth is germane to sth,sb
That is not germane to our theme.
這和我們的主題無關。
accomplishment.
“成就” For an novelist, that's quite an accomplishment.對于一位小說家來說蹦锋，那是相當了不起的成就兆沙。
“實現(xiàn)” His function is vital to the accomplishment of the agency's mission.要完成該機構的使命，他的作用至關重要晕粪。
proportion.a proportion of sth,sb=a part of =some
A large proportion of the dolphins in that area will eventually die.
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But he has his reward, for he is trusted and convinces, as those who are at the mercy of their own eloqunence do not; and he gives a pleasure all the greater for being hardly noticed.
可是挤悉，他享有自己的報償，因為他取得人們的信任巫湘，他令人信服，正像那些單靠顯露雄辯的人們得不到這一報償昏鹃，道理是一樣的尚氛。而且，他不露聲色洞渤，這反而能給人更大的愉悅阅嘶。
convince. 沒看懂這個詞的用法。
eloquence.雄辯载迄，流利的口才讯柔。
Now it's time to admire the performers eloquence.
這個時候就得夸贊下表演者的口才了。
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In the best prose, whether narrative or argument, we are so led on as we read, that we do not stop to applaud the writer, nor do we stop to question him.
我們在閱讀最好的散文時护昧，無論是敘事的還是說理的魂迄，是在情不自禁地一直讀下去，而不會停下來向作者歡呼惋耙，也不會停下來向作者發(fā)問捣炬。
narrative.
①作可數(shù)名詞時熊昌，是故事；敘事的意思 a fast-moving narrative 快節(jié)奏的敘事
②作不可數(shù)名詞時湿酸，通常指記敘的寫作手法 Neither author was very strong on narrative.兩個作者都不是很善于講故事婿屹。
argument.說理，論證
