一、介紹
Requests是一個(gè)很實(shí)用的Python HTTP客戶端庫冗澈，編寫爬蟲和測試服務(wù)器響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到朴艰，Requests是Python語言的第三方的庫，專門用于發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求
二秧荆、前提
pip install requests
三、get的請(qǐng)求
1.GET無參請(qǐng)求
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
2.GET傳參
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)
3.案例：測試聚合數(shù)據(jù)
代碼
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
????????#get傳參的第一種方式
????????def XWTTMethod(self):
????????????????r=requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790")
????????????????print(r.text)
????????#get傳參的第二種方式
????????def XWTTMethod(self):
????????????????params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
????????????????r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params)
????????????????print(r.text)
四埃仪、post請(qǐng)求
類似python中的表單提交
payload={'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}
r=requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=payload)
案例：測試聚合數(shù)據(jù)
代碼
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
????????def XWTTPostMethod(self):
????????params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
????????r = requests.post("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params) ???????????? ????????
????????#print(r.status_code)
????????return r.status_code
五乙濒、Requests響應(yīng)
r.status_code? ? ? ? 響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼
r.heards? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 響應(yīng)頭
r.cookies? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?響應(yīng)cookies
r.text? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?響應(yīng)文本
r. encoding? ? ? ? ? ?當(dāng)前編碼
r. content? ? ? ? ? ? ? 以字節(jié)形式（二進(jìn)制）返回
最常用的是根據(jù)響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼判斷接口是否連通，經(jīng)常用于做接口中斷言判斷
六卵蛉、Request擴(kuò)充
1.添加等待時(shí)間
requests.get(url,timeout=1)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #超過等待時(shí)間則報(bào)錯(cuò)
2.添加請(qǐng)求頭信息
requests.get(url,headers=headers)? ? ? #設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭
3.添加文件
requests.post(url,files=files)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?#添加文件
文件傳輸
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
七颁股、requests+pytest+allure
1.流程如下
讀取文件中的數(shù)據(jù)
requests拿到數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼
通過斷言驗(yàn)證返回狀態(tài)碼和200對(duì)比
生成allure的測試報(bào)告
2.模塊總覽
dataDemo(存放數(shù)據(jù))>> readDemo(讀取數(shù)據(jù))
useRequests(發(fā)送請(qǐng)求)>>testDemo(生成報(bào)告)
3.讀取csv文件流程
3.1? 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)(csv)
通過excel另存為csv即可。
3.2? 讀取數(shù)據(jù)(readDemo)
代碼展示
import csv
class ReadCsv():
????????def readCsv(self):
????????????????item = []
????????????????rr = csv.reader(open("../dataDemo/123.csv"))
????????????????for csv_i in rr:
????????????????????????item.append(csv_i)
????????????????item = item [1:]
????????????????return item
3.3? request請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼
代碼展示
import requests
from readDataDemo.readcsv import ReadCsv
r = ReadCsv()
ee = r.readCsv()
# print(ee)
class RequestCsv():
????????def requestsCsv(self):
????????????????item = []
????????????????for csv_i in ee:
????????????????????????if csv_i[2] =="get":
????????????????????????????????rr = requests.get(csv_i[0],params=csv_i[1])
????????????????????????????????item.append(rr.status_code)
????????????????????????else: rr = requests.post(csv_i[0],data=csv_i[1])
????????????????????????????????item.append(rr.status_code)
????????????????return item
3.4? pytest斷言設(shè)置并結(jié)合allure生成測試報(bào)告
代碼展示
import pytest,os,allure
from userequests.userequestsDemo.requestscsv import RequestCsv
r = RequestCsv()
ee = r.requestsCsv()
print(ee)
class TestClass02():
????????def test001(self):
????????????????for code in ee:
????????????????????????assert code == 200
if __name__ == '__main__':
????????pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_02csv.py'])
????????split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
????????os.system(split)
3.5? 測試報(bào)告展示
4.讀取excle文件流程
4.1? 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)(xlsx)
4.2? 讀取數(shù)據(jù)(readDemo)
安裝openpyxl：
pip install openpyxl
from openpyxl import load_workbook
class Readxcel():
????????def getTestExcel(self):
????????# 打開表
????????workbook = load_workbook("G:\python\pythonProject\pytest05a\\requestdemo\\a.xlsx")
????????# 定位表單
????????sheet = workbook['Sheet1']
????????print(sheet.max_row)? ? ? ?# 3 行
????????print(sheet.max_column)? ? ?# 3 列
????????test_data = []? ? ?# 把所有行的數(shù)據(jù)放到列表中
????????for i in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
????????????????sub_data = {}? ? ?# 把每行的數(shù)據(jù)放到字典中
????????????????for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):
????????????????????????sub_data[sheet.cell(1, j).value] = sheet.cell(i, j).value
????????????????test_data.append(sub_data)? ? ? # 拼接每行單元格的數(shù)據(jù)
????????return test_data
t = Readxcel()
f = t.getTestExcel()
print(f)
4.3? request請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼
import requests
from requestdemo.readexcel import Readxcel
class GetStatusCode():
????????def getStatusCode(self):
????????????????t = Readxcel()
????????????????f = t.getTestExcel()
????????????????item = []
????????????????for excel_i in f:
????????????????????????if excel_i["method"] == "get":
????????????????????????????????rr = requests.get(excel_i["url"], params=excel_i["params"])
????????????????????????????????item.append(rr.status_code)
????????????????????????else:
????????????????????????????????rr = requests.post(excel_i["url"], data=excel_i["params"])
????????????????????????????????item.append(rr.status_code)
????????????????return item
print(GetStatusCode().getStatusCode())
4.4? pytest斷言設(shè)置并結(jié)合allure生成測試報(bào)告
import allure, pytest, os
from requestdemo.getStatusCode import GetStatusCode
get = GetStatusCode()
statusCodes = get.getStatusCode()
class TestReadExcel():
????????def testReadExcel(self):
????????????????for code in statusCodes:
????????????????????????assert code == 200
if __name__ == "__main__":
????????# 生成測試報(bào)告json
????????pytest.main(["-s", "-q", '--alluredir', 'report/result', 'testreadexcel.py'])
????????# 將測試報(bào)告轉(zhuǎn)為html格式
????????split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
????????os.system(split)
4.5? 測試報(bào)告展示
