Lesson 14?? Do you speak English?
【New words and expressions】(7)
★amusing???? adj.好笑的, 有趣的
The story is
amusing. (好笑的)
amused?? adj.感到好笑的(要笑出聲)
amuse? v.使發(fā)笑铃芦，使愉快The story amused me.
funny? adj.好笑的(不一定要笑出聲可以指貶義)贪薪，開心的番官，令人開心的interesting / funny story
★experience???? n.經(jīng)歷(可數(shù))贼邓；經(jīng)驗(yàn)(不可數(shù))
① n. 經(jīng)歷(可數(shù))He has a lot of experiences.?
② n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)跃惫，體驗(yàn)(不可數(shù))Does she have any experience in teaching?③ vt. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)磁奖，體驗(yàn)Thevillage has experienced great changes since 1980.
experienced? adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的
He is an experienceddoctor.
★wave?? v.招手wave to sb.?? 向某人招手
★lift?? n.搭便車A give B a lift.? 讓某人搭便車
take abus/taxi/lift?? 乘公共汽車/乘出租汽車/搭便車B wants to take a lift.?? 某人想搭便車
thumb lift??? 拇指便車(向過(guò)路車輛豎起拇指表示要求免費(fèi)搭車)
★reply????? v.回答
reply與answer的區(qū)別：
①作為不及物動(dòng)詞是一樣的:He answered/replied.
②作為及物動(dòng)詞就不一樣了:
answer sth. answerthe letter?? 回信
reply to sth. I
will reply to the letter. 回信
★language???? n.語(yǔ)言
native language 母語(yǔ)mother
tongue 母語(yǔ)(口語(yǔ)中用)
My mother tongue isChinese.
★journey? n.旅行 所有的旅行陨帆，偏重于陸地旅行
go on a journey嵌赠；3 days' journey(三天路程)
trip??? n.短距離旅行或出差(時(shí)間或距離上較短)
go on a trip = goon business
travel? n.周游(長(zhǎng)途旅行)tour? n.游玩(為了玩)
tourist?? n.游客voyage??? n.旅行(海上)
flight??? n.空中飛行
【課文講解】
1紊浩、After I hadleft a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.
after引導(dǎo)的從句如果一個(gè)是過(guò)去時(shí)鬓椭，一個(gè)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)颠猴，那一定是從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；before引導(dǎo)的從句表示“在……之前”小染，主句發(fā)生在從句之前, 主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)翘瓮。
drive on?? 繼續(xù)開往(on加在動(dòng)詞的后面表示繼續(xù))
My heart will go on《我心永恒》
副詞on緊跟在動(dòng)詞后面時(shí)可以表示“向前”、“繼續(xù)下去”等意義：He talked on until everybody had gone. 他滔滔不絕地講到大家都走了裤翩。
表達(dá)方位的表達(dá)方式一共有3個(gè)介詞, in(在……里面),on(接壤)资盅，to(沒(méi)有相接的, 是相離的)
A is to the east ofB? (A B不相接)A is on the east of B (A B接壤)A is in the east of B (A在B里面)
2、On the way,a young man waved to me.
on the way???? 在路上, 在途中
wave to sb.??? 沖某人揮手
3踊赠、As soon ashe had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied inthe same language. as soon as???? 一……就……呵扛，后面一定要加一個(gè)句子(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句), 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎是連在一起的，“一”后面的先發(fā)生
只要是狀語(yǔ)從句, 一旦遇到將來(lái)時(shí), 變?yōu)橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)As soon as you arrive,you must callme.
表示用某種語(yǔ)言作為交際手段時(shí)介詞用in臼疫，表示講某種語(yǔ)言時(shí)可以不加介詞择份。
I speak English. Isay a word in Chinese.
reply 要想加賓語(yǔ)要加 to (+要回答的內(nèi)容)，而in the same language 在句中作狀語(yǔ), 不是replay所應(yīng)回答的問(wèn)題(賓語(yǔ)), 故用in
4烫堤、Apart from afew words, I do not know any French at all.??apart from…????? 除……以外
not … at all??? 一點(diǎn)都不荣赶，表強(qiáng)調(diào)
5、I had nearlyreached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do youspeak English?'
nearly??? 將要
when的翻譯要看具體情況, 在這里譯為“就在此時(shí)”
I had nearlyreached home when I found my mother standing there.
Do you speakEnglish?? 你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎? 你是說(shuō)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人嗎?(問(wèn)的是一個(gè)事實(shí)鸽斟，不是問(wèn)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎)Doyou swim??? 你去游泳嗎?
Can you swim?? 你會(huì)游泳嗎?
6拔创、As I soonlearnt, he was English himself!'
I learn? 我得知；I know?我知道(我本來(lái)就知道)
As+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞富蓄，從句(As my mother said/As I heard/ As I learnt)??? 正如……
As we know,the NewConcept English is very good.? 正如我們所知……
As I think,it isthe coldest day in the year.
As he said, Englishis easy to learn.
himself反身代詞單獨(dú)放在句尾, 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
I read Englishmyself.
【Key structures】
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)：由had+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成剩燥，它表示過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或情況，即“較早的過(guò)去”立倍。過(guò)去完成時(shí)一定要以一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)作鋪墊, 這個(gè)動(dòng)作一定要發(fā)生在had done之后灭红。
在用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，常用連詞when口注，after变擒，as soon
as，until寝志，by that time等娇斑。常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞如already策添，just，never毫缆，never…before也常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用唯竹，以強(qiáng)調(diào)事件發(fā)生的先后次序：I didn’tknow that she was a famous actress until you had told me.
在那些用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句子中沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但通過(guò)上下文可以看出動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后苦丁。
Exercises D (用正確的時(shí)態(tài)填空)
1? The momenthe had said this, he ______ (regret) it.
the moment = assoon as??? 一……就……浸颓，后面直接加從句2? It ______ (begin) to rain before she took a taxi.before從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí), 主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)
【Special Difficulties】
Ask與Ask For：
ask? v.問(wèn)，詢問(wèn)芬骄；請(qǐng)求猾愿，要求，邀請(qǐng)
?ask a question/ask sb.???? 問(wèn)(一個(gè)問(wèn)題)/問(wèn)某人
I asked (Mary) aquestion.
?They asked Tony to sing a song.
ask for? 要账阻，要求(某樣?xùn)|西)
I asked for a cupof coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea./You are always asking for help.
Except, Except for與Apart from
三者都表示“除……以外”，有時(shí)可以互換泽本，但except不用于句首淘太，except for和apart from則可以。
? Everyone has helped in some way apartfrom/except for/except you.
? Apart from/Except for you, everyone hashelped in some way. apart from習(xí)慣上喜歡放句首, apart from=except/besides
如果認(rèn)為整體之中做這件事情的人除了整體之外团赏，還有這個(gè)人也做了(包括)称近，是加號(hào)=besides惦费；如果認(rèn)為整體之中做這件事情的人除了整體之外，這個(gè)人沒(méi)有做(排除)冰抢，是減號(hào)=except；如果放在句首艘狭，統(tǒng)一用apart from代替except/besides
All the passengersare millionaire except us.? (減號(hào))
I invited everyoneexcept George. / Except for George I invited everyone.
Except for/apartfrom this, everything is in order.
except for含有對(duì)整體中的某一個(gè)方面不滿意挎扰，except for 可以不放在句首, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體當(dāng)中某一方面除外, 剩下的整體都不錯(cuò)
The article is verygood except for his handwriing.
Except for hisheight, he is very excellent.
Which of，Either of巢音，Neigher of與Both of
上面這些短語(yǔ)都可用于指兩個(gè)人或兩件事
either of??? 兩者當(dāng)中的任何一個(gè)neither of?? 兩者都不which of??? 那一個(gè)both of??? 兩者都
①當(dāng)詢問(wèn)在兩個(gè)或更多的人或事物中偏愛哪一個(gè)或選擇哪一個(gè)時(shí)遵倦，可用which .I like both of these bags. Which of the two do you prefer?
② either與neither都是對(duì)兩個(gè)人或物而言(后接單數(shù)名詞)。either指one or the other(不是這個(gè)就是那個(gè))官撼，either和neither后跟of時(shí)則指兩個(gè)事物中的每一個(gè)
either of sb. 當(dāng)中的任何一個(gè)
neither of sb.??? ……當(dāng)中的任何一個(gè)都不.???
③ both只指兩個(gè)人或物梧躺。當(dāng)它用在名詞前時(shí)，of 可有可無(wú)傲绣；當(dāng)用在代詞前面時(shí)掠哥，其后必須加of
Both books/Both ofthe books are interesting.
Both of us/themleft early.
④none of? 三者或三者以上之間都不
Exercise
5 He could notanswer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for).
either of(前面有not, 故只能選either of) , asked
【Multiple choice questions】
6? I speak afew words of French. I don't know ___b_ French
a. many? ?b.much?? ?c. plenty of? d.a little
plenty of?? 足夠多的；not…plenty of?? 不夠多
not much = alittle? 一些not a little = much?? 很多
7? Neither ofus spoke. We ___c___ .
a. neither spoke?????? ?b.either spoke??
c. both didn'tspeak?????? d. neither didn't speak
11? He repliedin French. He ___b___ the writer in French.a. responed b. answered c. returned. remarked
responded和replied用法一樣秃诵，replied后面加賓語(yǔ)一定要加to续搀，answer可以直接加賓語(yǔ)
9? The youngman waved to the writer. He ___c___ him.a. salute??? b. greeted??? c. signalledto d. nodded
salute??? v.行軍禮, 軍人的問(wèn)候
The soldier salutedhis officer.??? 士兵的問(wèn)候
greet?? v.問(wèn)候 ；signal?? v.發(fā)出信號(hào)
10? He askedfor a lift. He was a ___b___.
a. tramp?? b. hitch hiker? c. passenge??? d. foreigner
tramp?? n.? 流浪漢 顷链；hitchhiker? 搭便車的人 目代；passenger? n.乘客(指要付車錢的那種)
12? The writerhad ___b___ reached the town when the young man spoke.
a.often??? ?b.almost? c.sometimes??? d.just as
almost=nearly just
as+時(shí)間從句 正當(dāng)……時(shí)候
?
【New words and expressions】(5)
Secretary/secret?? n.秘密
★nervous????? adj.精神緊張的
① adj. 神經(jīng)質(zhì)的屈梁，神經(jīng)緊張的
She is a nervouswoman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?
②緊張的，擔(dān)心的榛了，情緒不安的
He had never spokenin public, so he was very nervous. nervous?adj.精神緊張的(事情發(fā)生時(shí))
worried??? adj.擔(dān)心的(為以后的事情)
upset??? adj.不安的 (對(duì)以前的事情)
irritable??? adj.易怒的在讶，急躁的
Mary is an irritableold lady. She gets angry easily.
★afford? v.負(fù)擔(dān)得起
① vt. 買得起(常與can/can’t連用)afford sth.
② vt. 擔(dān)負(fù)得起(損失、后果等)霜大，花得起(時(shí)間)(常與can/can’t連用)afford money/time
I can afford thehoilday.??? (有時(shí)間去)
I can only affordone week for the trip.
afford to do sth..
I can’t afford tobe ill again.?? 我不能再病了构哺。
③ vt. 提供，給予
Joe afforded us aroom for the night.
★interrupt???? v.插話, 打斷
disturb?? v.打擾某人Sorry to disturb you.
interruption????? n.中斷战坤，打斷
【課文講解】
1曙强、The
secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.would在這里不是表示單純的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，而是表示“想……”途茫、“要……”的意思：
What would you liketo have?
2碟嘴、He did notlook up from his desk when I entered.
look up表示原先在埋頭干什么，之后抬頭看
?He looked up (from his book) when he heard anoise.
look down 往地上看(look up的反義詞)
look down upon/onsb.???? 瞧不起某人
3囊卜、He told methat the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
collect salary 領(lǐng)薪水paysalary??? 支付薪水
large一般指東西的數(shù)量大
so的后面加形容詞或副詞娜扇；such的后面加名詞, 容許在該名詞前面加修飾詞
4、I knew thatmy turn had come.
turn??? n.輪流栅组，輪班雀瓢，(依次輪流時(shí)各自的)一次機(jī)會(huì)It is my turn.??? 輪到我了(口語(yǔ)常用形式)
5、'Mr.Harmsworth,'I said in a weak voice.
in a … voice??? 用……的聲音
in a loud(大聲)/low (低聲)/weak(強(qiáng)調(diào)心里不踏實(shí))/strong(理直氣壯) voice
6玉掸、Then hesmiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
以下詞都可表示 “再, 又” 的意思, 注意用法:
① an extra thousand(作名詞看)
數(shù)量+extra+名詞???? 再有多少?
On Sundays, Iusually get some extra sleep.
Last month, he waspaid an extra hundred pounds.
② two others = two
other +名詞
③two more
Give me two
extra/other/more books.再給我兩本書刃麸。
once more: 再一次
④another threedays? 另外三天(只有another 的數(shù)詞在后面)
【Key structures】
間接引語(yǔ)
把某人所說(shuō)的話告訴另外一個(gè)人時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用間接引語(yǔ)司浪。間接陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)往往受引述動(dòng)詞的影響泊业。引述陳述句時(shí)最常用的動(dòng)詞是say和tell，tell后面必須跟表示人稱的間接賓語(yǔ)(tell sb.)断傲，而say后面則可跟或不跟to+講話對(duì)象脱吱。
1、主從一致 : 主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
①主句的動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句為任意時(shí)態(tài)
②主句的動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句為相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(時(shí)態(tài)倒移)
2认罩、人稱變化：主要是第一和第二人稱變化
3箱蝠、只要屬于賓語(yǔ)從句, 引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略
【Special Difficulties】
Office, Study, Desk
office?? n.辦公室studyn. 書房desk? n.課桌
Exercises :1?We shall use the spare room in our new house as a ______ .study
5? Since hisillness he has been very ______ . He is always losing his temper. (irritable)
【Multiple choice questions】
10? It's yourturn ___c___ .
a.It's your line?? ??b.It's your row?????
c.You're next????? d.It's your chance
12? The writer
would receive an extra ￡1,000? a year. He would get ￡1,000?a year ___b___ .
a. less??????????? b. more??? c. over??? d. up
more可以放數(shù)詞和名詞之間, 甚至可放在整個(gè)名詞的后面two more eggs,once more；extra和other一定放在數(shù)詞和名詞之間, another一定放在數(shù)詞前面
over sth.??? 超過(guò)(多余)什么東西
【語(yǔ)法精粹】
間接引語(yǔ)：如果是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)在直接引語(yǔ)當(dāng)中變成間接引語(yǔ), 極有可能選用過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1.My brother__Ａ__whilehe____his bicycle and hurt himself.? A.fell/wasriding???? B.feel/was riding
C.had fallen/rode??? ?D.hadfallen/was riding
fell(跌下來(lái)),ride(騎自行車)
2.He__ C __his legas he_____in a football match.
A.broke/played??????? B.was breaking/was playing
C.broke/wasplaying?? ? D.was breaking/played
3.My father will behere tomorrow.
? I thought that he__ A __today.
A.was coming? B.is coming?? C.willcome? D.comes???
be coming表示將要
跟go垦垂，come宦搬，leave，arrive相連的詞一定會(huì)用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)劫拗，它們過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)很有可能表達(dá)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義
4.Jack was goingout of the shop when he collided with an old woman who__ B __. Collide
A.come?? B.wascoming??C.hadbeencoming? D.hadcome
5.Mikecouldn't come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her because she___C__in thelab.
A.had beenworking?? ?? B.hasbeen working
C.was working?????????? D.worked
?
Lesson16??Apolite request
【New words and expressions】(9)
★park???? v.停放(汽車) parkingarea??? 停車場(chǎng)
★traffic?? n.交通traffic police???? 交通警
traffic lights 交通燈,另義為拐彎口, 紅綠燈, 十字路口trafficjam???? 交通堵塞
I spend a lot oftime in traffic jam
heavy traffic? 繁重的交通
I was ordered to
drive in heavy traffic. (交通擁擠)
first crossing/turning???? 叉路口, 拐角
★note???? n.便條间校； n. 紙條, 紙鈔
make notes? 做筆記message??n.消息
★area??? n.地段
area?? n.場(chǎng)地, 地段(一塊對(duì)方), 大地點(diǎn), 小地點(diǎn)都可以place?? n.地點(diǎn)region?? n.地區(qū)(交戰(zhàn), 開火)In this region, there were a lot of
wars. 戰(zhàn)火連綿
★reminder???? n.提示(可以指人，也可以指物,
remind???? v.提示, 提醒
remind sb. of sth.You remind me of your mother.
remind sb. to dosth.
★fail??? v.無(wú)視, 忘記页慷，失敗
① vi. 失敗fail+賓語(yǔ)??? 做某事失敗
fail (in) doingsth.?? 在某些方面失敗?(in可省略)
He failed (in)examination.
② vi. 不及格③ vt. 使……不及格
The teacher said hewould fail me if I don’t work harder.
④ vt. 未能……憔足，不能……胁附，忘記……(后接不定式)failto do sth.?? 沒(méi)有能夠做某事，忘記做……
? not fail to do sth.??? 一定能夠某事
You can not fail todrive it.??? 你一定能夠駕駛
If you arrived inBeijing, you cannot fail to find the New Oriental School.
【課文講解】
1滓彰、If you park yourcar in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.
英語(yǔ)中指每個(gè)人/任何人的不定代詞通常是one控妻，但在日常會(huì)話中，非正式的you更為常用揭绑。
? One can never know what will happentomorrow.??
? If you make a journey around the world,you’ll see many beauty spots.
in the wrongplace?? ?不合適的地方
wrong??? adj.不合適的, right?? adj.合適的
He is the rightperson who you are looking for.
the wrong person inthe wrong place at the wrong time.
2弓候、You will be
very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. let (sb.) go 放開，釋放他匪，使自由讓(sb)去The man won’t let go (of) my arm.抓住胳膊不放菇存。
?without a ticket=without giving you a ticket
If 引導(dǎo)的叫條件句,
without后面的名詞也叫條件
without+n. 如果沒(méi)有Withoutwater,fish cannot live.
3、However,this does not always happen.
however=but? 然而邦蜜，however常常放在句首或句子中都可以依鸥，but習(xí)慣放在兩個(gè)句子之間；but轉(zhuǎn)折性語(yǔ)義比較強(qiáng)畦徘，however轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)義比較弱
4毕籽、During aholiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'sir, we welcome you to ourcity. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here ifyou pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.'? on my car??指車的外面
welcome sb. to+地點(diǎn)?? 歡迎某人來(lái)某地
Enjoy your stayhere.??? 祝你玩得開心
only areminder==not a ticket
“No Parking”在句中作area的定語(yǔ)，由若干個(gè)詞合成的詞組型定語(yǔ)有：
a never-to-be-forgotten
day一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)也不能忘掉的日子a well-to-do family??? 一個(gè)富裕的家庭
【Key structures】
條件句(Conditionalsentences)
if引導(dǎo)的條件從句指能夠發(fā)生井辆、可能發(fā)生或可能發(fā)生過(guò)的事件。如果認(rèn)為將來(lái)的事件很可能會(huì)發(fā)生溶握，那么if從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(有時(shí)也用其他形式的現(xiàn)在時(shí))杯缺，主句中用will(或shall)加動(dòng)詞形式或其他形式的將來(lái)時(shí)。
If he issleeping,don't wake him up.
條件句的主句中的will表示肯定如此或幾乎可以肯定會(huì)如此睡榆。如果覺得其“肯定”程度達(dá)不到使用will的程度萍肆，或者如果想表達(dá)建議等其他意思，就可以用別的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替will胀屿；條件句中的主句還可以用祈使語(yǔ)氣等表示請(qǐng)求塘揣、建議等。
? You can post these letters if you want to.
?Exercises C
5? If he
______ (enjoy) concerts, why doesn't he come with us?.enjoys, why doesn't跟第三人稱連用, 是一種建議; why not連在一起表示建議
【Special Difficulties】
Police and Traffic
Police traffic police 交通警
police?? n.警察
① n. 警察部門宿崭，警方(與the連用)
Ring the police ifthere is a burglary.??
②警察(復(fù)數(shù))
The police arequestioning a foreign tourist.
③如果要單指一名警察亲铡，可以用policeman或policewoman
There is a trafficpoliceman over there.
Pay attentionto,Care,Take care of,Look after
pay attentionto?? (思想上)注意
notice??? (眼睛上的)注意
care??? 關(guān)心, 在意I don'tcare.?? 我不在乎。
Who cares葡兑？????? 我不在乎(誰(shuí)在乎!)
I don’t care if hebreaks his neck!? 他就是折斷頸骨奖蔓，我也不在乎！take care of==look after??? 照顧, 照料
?Remind and Remember
remind??? v.提醒
remind sb. of sth.,remind sb. to do sth.
?remember??v.記起, 記得
Remember???? 記得嗎?(可以單獨(dú)用)
remember to dosth.??? 記得要去做……
remember doingsth.??? 記得已經(jīng)做了
remember sb. tosb.?? 前者向后者表示問(wèn)候
Remember me to yourmother.? 代我向你母親問(wèn)好
Exercise (選擇正確的詞)
1? You canonly learn if you(look after)(pay attention).
【Multiple choice questions】
6‘No Parking’means___a___ .
a. don't leave yourcar here?? ?b. without parking
c. don't stop? ?????d.there's no room to park here
park??? v.停放(側(cè)重放)
stop??? v.讓運(yùn)動(dòng)中的東西停下來(lái)
leave? v.離開, 留下來(lái), 丟在某地(一定要加賓語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)) leave sth. Here/I left keys athome.?
7? This noteis only a reminder. It's ___d___ .
a. nothing b. noone c. nothing extra d. nothing more
nothing是不定代詞讹堤，修飾詞要放在不定代詞的后面
It is nothing.??? 他什么都不是.
extra做定語(yǔ)時(shí)吆鹤，一定要放在被修飾詞前面，如one extra thousand洲守；而more可以放在被修飾詞前面或后面疑务，如two more.../...more
nothing extra: ×?? 沾凄；nothingmore : √
9? You willenjoy your stay. It will ___d___ you.
a.amus ??b.enjoy? c.laugh at? d.please
enjoy的典型用法是“主語(yǔ)從賓語(yǔ)身上得到享受”
laugh at(sb.) 嘲笑某人? amuse(sb.)?讓某人笑出來(lái)
please(sb.)?? 讓某人高興; 取悅
可以直接加人的動(dòng)詞：shock，surprise知允，amuse撒蟀，please，worry廊镜，其共同特征是和人的感覺相連
be worriedabout? 為……擔(dān)心
Lesson 17?? Always young
【New words and expressions】(5)
★appear??? v.登場(chǎng), 扮演
① vi. 出現(xiàn)牙肝，顯露(反義詞是disappear)
The plane appeared./Theplane disappeared.
② vi. 當(dāng)眾露面；登場(chǎng)(演出等)
I can’t appear inthis dress at the party.
appear as? ???扮演……角色
He appeared as aprince.?? (prince??? n.王子)
appear on the stageas…?? (扮演的確切表達(dá))
My aunt appeared onthe stage as a young girl.
③ vi. 似乎嗤朴，看起來(lái)好象(與seem同義)配椭，顯得(系動(dòng)詞，后面直接加形容詞)
He appearsnervous.??? 他顯得很緊張(看起來(lái))
? She appears to know you.
★stage???? n.舞臺(tái)on the stage???在舞臺(tái)上
in the stage??? 在某一階段(時(shí)期)
★bright? adj.鮮艷的bright red? 鮮紅色雹姊；brightyellow??
明黃色股缸；brightblue?? 寶藍(lán)色
【課文講解】
1、My auntJennifer is an actress.
以-ess結(jié)尾的是女性吱雏；以-or敦姻、-er結(jié)尾的是男性
Actor/ actress????? waiter /waitress????
prince 王子/princess 公主lion/ lioness??
?doctor /woman doctor?god神/ goddess? 女神?(God上帝,注意 “G” 大寫)
2、She must beat least thirty-five years old.
年齡的兩種表示方法：
①數(shù)字+years old歧杏，作表語(yǔ)thirty-five years old????
②數(shù)字+-year-old镰惦，作定語(yǔ)my four-year-old daughter
must + 動(dòng)詞原形?? 不得不, 必須；(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的)推測(cè)
She must be amodel.
She must be fifteenyears old.??? 她很可能五歲
She must be at mostfifteen years old.?? 她最多十五
at least??? 至少, 最少atmost??? 最多
3犬绒、In spite ofthis, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
in spite of? 不管旺入，盡管 (“of” 為介詞, 后面一定會(huì)加名詞、代詞或從句)
In spite of this, I
still like school.(school前不加“the”表示上學(xué)凯力，加“the”只表示學(xué)校)
?4茵瘾、Jennifer will have to take part in a new playsoon.
join??? 參加了某一種團(tuán)體
join sb./sth.? join the army參軍join the party? 入黨
join us?? (口語(yǔ))加入我們(這個(gè)團(tuán)體)中來(lái)
take part in? 參加某一種活動(dòng)take part in the race? 參加比賽take part in aplay
attend??? 出席attend the meeting? 參加會(huì)議, 出席會(huì)議attend the party???? 出席宴會(huì)
attend theclass??? 上課
Thank you for your
attending.謝謝大家的出席(到來(lái))
5、This time,she will be a girl of seventeen.
兩種年齡的表達(dá)：
She is eighteenyears old./She is a girl of eighteen.
6咐鹤、In the play,she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.
in (+顏色拗秘、衣服)? 穿著……樣的衣服，用介詞短語(yǔ)取代動(dòng)詞祈惶，避免了一句話中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞
7雕旨、If anyoneever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terribleto be grown up!'
ever = at anytime? 任何時(shí)候(時(shí)間副詞)
be grown-up??? 作為一個(gè)成年人
grow up???? (人)成長(zhǎng)
當(dāng)有人問(wèn)你年齡時(shí)，你可以這樣回答：
It is a secret. /It is privacy./I forget it.
【Key structures】
情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞must
Must譯為“必須”行瑞，可以表示“必要奸腺，命令或強(qiáng)制，邀請(qǐng)血久，決心突照，不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多處含義。它沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱變化氧吐，通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)讹蘑。在其他時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)末盔，must的有些含義可以用have to或have got to。這三種形式一般可以互換座慰，但用于第一人稱時(shí)版仔，have to(have got to)強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因蛮粮，must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說(shuō)話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事益缎。
have to和have got to往往可以互換，但與always然想，sometimes等頻度副詞連用時(shí)莺奔，用have to往往比用havt got to好。have got to比have to更口語(yǔ)化变泄。
在過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中, 要用have to 來(lái)表示 “必須”令哟，have to可以有任意時(shí)態(tài)have to作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 否定式為don't have to；will
not have to妨蛹；didn't have to
在表達(dá)“難道你不能不(做……)”時(shí)屏富，一般用“Must
you…?”，而不用“Do you have to…?”
? Must you leave now?? 難道你非得現(xiàn)在就走嗎蛙卤？
? I’m afraid so. I have to study for an exam.
must可以表示推測(cè)役听，must
do表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)乐严；must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)
? 在 I think…/he thinks…的從句中艾扮，一定要用事實(shí)說(shuō)話. (不能說(shuō)成“I think he must be a fool.” )
must be的否定式為can’t
be(不可能)：
? Someone’s using the phone, it must be John.Itcan’t be John. He promised me he wouldn’t use it today.
【Special Difficulties】
As的用法
①作為介詞，可以表示“作為”奖慌、“以……身份”等
As a mechanic, hecan’t always keep himself clean.
②作為連詞雕欺，可以表示“因?yàn)椤薄ⅰ罢?dāng)……時(shí)候”、“以……方式”或“如同……那樣”等
You must take care
of the bady tomorrow as I am going to London.(因?yàn)槊は猓捎?
As we were talkingabout him, he knocked at the door.
Do as you aretold.???
③ “擔(dān)任……工作”I work as an engineer.
Dress, Suit,Costume
dress???? n.裙子宇色，晚禮服甥捺，連衣裙(女式)
suit????? n.套裝(男式)Mybrother never wears ready-made suits.??? 我的弟弟從來(lái)不穿成衣。
costume? n.演出服,民族服裝,某一年代所穿的服裝All the actors wore fifteenth-century costumes.??? 所有演員都穿著15世紀(jì)的服裝。
Grow and Grow up
grow??? vi.生長(zhǎng)劫樟，成長(zhǎng)虑绵，發(fā)育
? Trees of the kind don’t grow in our country.
? How tall you’ve got! You’ve grown a lot.
grow up???? 長(zhǎng)成，成熟(其被動(dòng)態(tài)表示長(zhǎng)大成人)
? Lucy has grown up a lot since I last sawher.??
Exercises
3? She hireda(suit)(costume)for the fancy-dress party.
Costume fancy-dress-party??? 化妝舞會(huì)；
【Multiple choice questions】
3? She must beat least thirty-five years old. In my opinion she ____b__ .?? ?a.has??? b. is??c. can??d. must
in one's opinion
=sb. think 就某人看來(lái)(后面一定是事實(shí))in one's opinion 常常取代sb. think, I think太強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)
8? She oftenappears as a young girl. She ___a___ on the stage as a young girl.
a. is presented??? b.points? ??c. show????? d.seems
appear??? v.扮演,本意為 “出現(xiàn), 顯示” ；seems?? v.看起來(lái), 似乎show?? v.顯示, 給……看
be on show??? 展覽, 演出
be presented??? 出席 √(過(guò)去的習(xí)慣用法)
be
present<adj.> 出席(反義詞為be absent??? 缺席)
12? She isgrown up. She is ____d__ .
a. very old?b. an adolescent? c. ateenager?d. an adult
grown? adj.長(zhǎng)大的，成年的，長(zhǎng)滿某物的
grown up????? adj.成年的,成熟的巷怜；n. 成年人
grow up???? 成長(zhǎng)
adolescent?? adj.青春期的(13-16歲)页畦，青春的端朵；n. 青少年adolescent criminal???? 青春期犯罪
teenage?? n.十幾歲的人(10-20歲)男女青少年
adult??? n.成年人
?
Lesson18?? He often does this!
【New words and expressions】(3)
pub n. 小酒店landlord
n. 店主bill?? n.帳單
【課文講解】
1敬拓、After I had
had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag.Pub是public
house(酒店厕诡，酒店)的縮寫
?2寿羞、I had left it on a chair beside the door and
now it wasn't there!leave除了“離去虱岂，離開，出發(fā)”的意思，還可以表示“把(人猎塞、物)留下铝量，遺留务蝠，丟下”等践瓷。
? Have you left anything in the car?
3崖面、'I'm verysorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!'
he指店主的狗甲棍，英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人士常用人稱代詞he或she指自己喂養(yǎng)的寵物。
【Key structures】
have的用法
1、have作為助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
2、have還可以作完全動(dòng)詞锐膜，當(dāng)作“具有荷逞、擁有”講時(shí)恨搓，它和have got通郴云郑可以互換。have做 “有, 患病” 概念時(shí), 可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 也可作為非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中的疑問(wèn)句和否定句中have(具有)的用法與be相同，即可以不用助動(dòng)詞do或did鸯两；在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中钝侠，常用do助動(dòng)詞和have一起構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句父腕。
I don’t have apen/a headache.
I haven’t a pen /aheadache.
三種情況have 可以用 have got取代
have to==have got to
have作“具有，擁有”講時(shí)是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)镀裤，通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)颗搂。在其它時(shí)態(tài)中，一般用have而不用have got。
? You can have these apples if you want them.I’ve got a lot more.
?He must be very fond of animals to have fivedogs.?? 他一定非常喜歡動(dòng)物，才會(huì)養(yǎng)五條狗嫁艇。
3猾漫、have作完全動(dòng)詞時(shí)陪竿，還可以表示eat，drink，enjoy之拨，take等意思佳簸，這時(shí)它是行為動(dòng)詞马胧，可以用于包括進(jìn)行時(shí)的各種時(shí)態(tài)垫卤。當(dāng)have用于表示這些含義時(shí)，它必須與助動(dòng)詞do等連用以構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句。
have dinner，have acigarette/ coffee/a holiday/a good time/a swim/a rest
Exercises C?
在下面哪幾句話中可用have
got來(lái)代替have?
1? He had a
drink before dinner. ⑴...不換...
2? Mrs.
Sullivan has a lot of money. ⑵...換...? 有錢
3? He had to
leave early. ⑶...換...
4? We have had
a long conversation. ⑷...不換...進(jìn)行
5? My mother
has a headache. ⑸...換...?? 患病
6? They had a
good time at the party. ⑹...不換...
have a good/long
time : 過(guò)的愉快(固定短語(yǔ))
7? This sock
has a hole in it. ⑺...換...
8? She has to
be patient with him. ⑻...換... has to
I have a bath every
day. ⑼...不換...?
10? This room
has four windows. ⑽...換...
11? He has a
farm. ⑾...換...
12? We had a
letter from Jill yesterday. ⑿...不換...?
have a letter
from==receive a letter from 收到
【Special Difficulties】
give的幾個(gè)固定搭配
give常用含義是“給予，交給”
gave away 贈(zèng)送give in上交呈交，屈服，讓步棺弊，投降He gave away all his books to the library.
Give in yourexamination papers after you’ve finished. You can do what you like. I willnever give in.
give up doing sth. 放棄懂牧，拋棄 give up交出，讓出
? Jack has given up the watch he stole lastweek.
? Three of our officers gave themselves up tothe enemy.?? 我方的三名軍官向敵人投降了。
Beside and Besides
beside??? pron.在……旁邊，在……附近
?Come and sit beside us.
besides??? adv.而且，并且，此外痛垛；pron. 除……之外(還)I’m quitebusy. Besides, I’ve got a bad cold.
? There were a lot of people at the partybesides us.
?
【New words and expressions】(6)
★hurry???? v.匆忙
① vi. 趕緊蹂析，趕快蝙叛，匆忙hehurried to the office.
② n. 急忙蜘渣，匆忙拾碌，倉(cāng)促
In his hurry, hedropped some coins on the floor.
in a hurry????? 匆忙 (時(shí)間、動(dòng)作上的緊急)
If you are notbusy.?? 如果你不忙(行為上的匆忙)
in no hurry? 不匆忙I am in no
hurry. 我不急
hurry up???? 快點(diǎn)hurryto??? 匆匆忙忙地去
come in?? 進(jìn)來(lái)hurry in???匆匆忙忙地進(jìn)來(lái)
go out?? 出去hurry out????匆匆忙忙地出去
★pity????? n.令人遺憾的事
What a pity!???? 真遺憾!
It is a pity to be
grown up. (it做形式主語(yǔ))
? I am sorry to hear that.聽到這個(gè)消息我很遺憾
注意 sorry 與 pity 詞性上的區(qū)別
★exclaim???? v.大聲說(shuō)
① vt.&vi.(由于痛苦豫柬、憤怒喝噪、驚異、欣喜等)叫喊，驚叫When she saw the gift, she exclaimedin delight.
② vi.(表示抗議等)大聲叫喊
She exclaimedagainst the rudeness of the young man.
shout =cry =callout??? 大聲喊
★return????? v.退回
① vi. 回平项，返回Tim hasjust returned from Australia.
return to?? 回來(lái)? returnto China/Beijing回到中國(guó)
② vt. 把.送回扣讼，歸還，退回return to you? 退回你
He returned thebooks to the library.
return money ＝pay back=repay?? 還錢
★sadly? ????adv.悲哀地, 喪氣地
涵蓋了所有悲哀
【課文講解】
1、'The playmay begin at any moment,' I said.
at any moment?? 在任何時(shí)候, 隨時(shí)
? It may/might rain (at) any moment.
at the moment ＝now
at that moment ＝j(luò)ustthen??? 就在那時(shí)
I will help you atany time.??? 我隨時(shí)都會(huì)幫你
must摔吏，can't诗箍，may+動(dòng)詞原形, 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在匠童、未來(lái)的推測(cè);+ have done严拒，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)
?2勒奇、I hurried to the ticket office. 'May I havetwo tickets please?' I asked.
Can(May) I...? 我……可以嗎?(表示“……可以嗎?”竣蹦，第一人稱可以和can或may相連)
May I have a ticket
? (英文中的問(wèn)句, 常常起禮貌作用)May I have your name?? (比 “What’s your
name?” 更有禮貌些)Could I...?? 我現(xiàn)在可以...嗎???
(在問(wèn)句中更委婉的說(shuō)法, 比can I 更禮貌些纲菌，但在時(shí)間上與can沒(méi)區(qū)別)
Can you...????? 你可以...嗎?? (第二人稱不能用may來(lái)表示“……可以嗎?”，只能用can)
have 是最活躍的詞, 可以指任何的意思.
havecoffee? 喝咖啡have
ticket買票(習(xí)慣用法)
I'll
have/take sth.我買……(一般不用“buy”，用“have”習(xí)慣用法)
3、'I'm sorry,we've sold out,' the girl said.
sell out? (店主)售完(某種貨物)航棱，(貨)被售完
? They have sold out of eggs.
? Tickets for tonight’s performance are soldout.
4驳阎、'Certainly,'the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance. Do you still wantthem?'
for next
Wednesday's performance沫屡，用名詞所有格來(lái)取代時(shí)間，“……時(shí)間的”
用介詞for, 起修飾作用ticket for+事情???? ……的票ticket to+地點(diǎn)????? 去……的票
?still??adv.還免姿，可以和任意時(shí)態(tài)連用
still, yet?? 都和完成時(shí)態(tài)連用(原先認(rèn)為)
5、'I might aswell have them,' I said sadly.
may/might as well+動(dòng)詞原形? 還是……好(無(wú)可奈何)，不妨…I might aswell take the umbrella with me.
had better+動(dòng)詞原形???? 最好……(積極心態(tài))
【Key structures】
Can and May
1惩妇、can和may都可以表示請(qǐng)求，can可以用could筐乳，may可以用might代替歌殃，語(yǔ)氣更委婉，更有禮貌勃刨，但時(shí)間上沒(méi)有區(qū)別
Can /Could I useyour phone please? May I use your phone please?/Might I use your phone please?
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的普通回答：
? 肯定：Of course you can/may.
? 否定：No, you can’t/ may not.
2、may和might還可以表示推測(cè)，“可能……”。may可以用might代替显蝌，語(yǔ)氣更委婉泳猬，更有禮貌蒸辆，但時(shí)間上沒(méi)有區(qū)別may/might +動(dòng)詞原形：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事情的推測(cè)may/might +have動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞：表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)
3囤屹、may/might as
well+動(dòng)詞原形：還是……好(無(wú)可奈何)葵第，不妨……
Do you think he’llpass that exam?
He’ll never pass.He might as well give up.
【Multiple choice questions】
2? The writer___d___ .
d. wasn't toopleased to get tickets for next Wednesday's performance
be pleased todo???? 對(duì)做什么事感到很開心
文中用了“mightas well”
be too pleasedto??? 太高興
not too…to…????? 太怎么樣以至于還是做了
not too old tolearn?? 不是太老還可以學(xué)
3? The playmay begin at any moment. It ___c___ .
a. has begun?????? ?????b.won't begin for a long time
c. hasn't begun yet???? d. began a long time ago
may+動(dòng)詞原形棍丐；對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)動(dòng)作的推測(cè)
has begun 已經(jīng)完成赤惊，說(shuō)明已經(jīng)做了；won’t
begin for a long time 好久都不會(huì)開始竖幔；
?
Lesson20?? One man in a boat
【New words and expressions】(5)
★catch??? v.抓到
① vt. 捉住磷瘤，逮住艾凯，捕獲
The police havecaught the thief.
② vt. 抓住，握住Can youcatch the ball?
③ vt. 及時(shí)趕到匹表，趕上catcha bus??? 趕車
④ catch的一些固定用法
catch a cold 染上感冒catch
one's breath 摒住呼吸
catch sight of =see? 看見catch fire? 著火
catch one'seyes?? 吸引某人注意力
★boot???? n.? 靴子a pair ofboots? 一雙靴子
★waste???? n.浪費(fèi)
① n. 浪費(fèi)a wasteof…???? 浪費(fèi)……
It is a waste oftime/money/food/water.
② vt. 浪費(fèi)You arewasting time.
★realize????? v.意識(shí)到
① v. 認(rèn)識(shí)，知道，明白黑滴，意識(shí)到
I went into thewrong room without realizing it.???
② v. 實(shí)現(xiàn)(希望慎宾、目標(biāo)盖袭、愿望等)
realize one'sdream???? 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想
③使變?yōu)槭聦?shí)戒突，使發(fā)生(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
This plan can neverbe realized.
【課文講解】
1、Fishing ismy favourite sport.
fishing動(dòng)名詞，可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)★fish
① n. 魚(不可數(shù)名詞)，魚的種類(可數(shù))
There are a lot of
fishes(表示種類)in the sea.
② v. 釣魚, 捕魚
2、I often fishfor hours without catching anything.
for+時(shí)間???? 表示一段時(shí)間
for hours=for somehours??? 數(shù)小時(shí)
without catching
anything作為狀語(yǔ)而出現(xiàn), 表示結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)位仁。without是介詞书幕，后面一定要加賓語(yǔ), 動(dòng)名詞catching作without的賓語(yǔ)，without 后面的動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)來(lái)做的挨约。動(dòng)名詞也有動(dòng)詞的特性味混，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)。
without通常表示“缺乏诫惭、沒(méi)有”翁锡；當(dāng)它位于動(dòng)名詞前時(shí)，表示“不曾夕土、不”
? I can’t repair the car without your help.
? They tried to leave the restaurant withoutpaying.
3馆衔、But thisdoes not worry me.
★worry
① v. 煩惱，擔(dān)擾
worry sb.? 某人為……煩惱，擔(dān)擾(作動(dòng)詞一定要加人作賓語(yǔ), 翻譯時(shí)從后往前翻哈踱，賓語(yǔ)擔(dān)心)
The house worriedme. / My daughter worried me.
① adj. 擔(dān)心be worriedabout???? ……為……擔(dān)心
4荒适、Instead ofcatching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.instead of…??? 我原準(zhǔn)備做……但是后來(lái)做了……(instead of 后面的詞一定是沒(méi)有做的, 可以放在主句后面)without強(qiáng)調(diào)沒(méi)有做某件事, instead of強(qiáng)調(diào)這件事沒(méi)做成而做成了另外一件事
副詞instead“作為替代，反而”开镣，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般出現(xiàn)在句尾If you don’t want a holiday inEngland, why don’t you go to Australia instead?
5刀诬、I am evenless lucky.
less是little的比較級(jí)，意為“不及邪财，不如陕壹，更少”
? I spend less time on English than on French.
less+原形A isless…than B?????? A不如B
6、After havingspent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.
spend+時(shí)間+在某地?????? 在某地度過(guò)……時(shí)間
after
<conj.>+從句???? 在……之后
after
<prep.>+名詞/動(dòng)詞的ing形式??? ……之后(從句主語(yǔ)必須是主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)兩種形式可互換)
After I go to
school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一個(gè)事實(shí), 不用“went to” )
After going toschool, I learned a lot of knowledge.
介詞after的賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞having spent所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞go之前树埠，所以用完成形式糠馆。
with an empty bag注意連讀
with sth.?有……的，持有……的怎憋，隨身帶著……(狀語(yǔ))Who’s the man with the beard?
without sth.?? 沒(méi)帶……?
I always go home
without angthing. 什么都沒(méi)帶回家
7又碌、'You mustgive up fishing!' my friends say.
give up doing sth.= stop doing sth.???? 放棄做某事
8、I'm notreally interested in fishing.
be intersted insth. / doing sth.???? 對(duì)……感興趣
? 【Key
structures】動(dòng)名詞
動(dòng)詞+ing作名詞時(shí)稱為動(dòng)名詞绊袋，它仍有動(dòng)詞的屬性毕匀，可以接賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞可以代替名詞做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)癌别。1皂岔、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)2、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
3展姐、利用介詞/副詞+動(dòng)名詞可以把兩個(gè)句子連成一個(gè)句子apologize for (not) doingsth.? 為什么事情而道歉Imust apologize. I interrupted you.?????
I must apologizefor interrupting you.
(for interrupting強(qiáng)調(diào)interrupt這個(gè)動(dòng)詞)
I must apologize
for having interrupted you.(for having interrupted強(qiáng)調(diào)interrupt這個(gè)動(dòng)詞先發(fā)生躁垛，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間(having done))
? 以上兩者為時(shí)間概念不同，意思相同???
congratulate (sb.)on doing sth.? 因……祝賀(某人)
動(dòng)名詞用表示完成時(shí)的having+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在前面圾笨。
4教馆、跟動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)
be keen on doing
sth.(熱忠于……),be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.，congratulations on doing sth. (祝賀……)beafraid of
be up to=be capable
of (capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)可以帶動(dòng)名詞的介詞有：before擂达，after土铺，without，instead
of等
5谍婉、動(dòng)名詞的否定式是在它前面直接加not舒憾。
?Exercises C(用括號(hào)中的詞來(lái)連接下列句子,如需要可對(duì)原句進(jìn)行必要的改動(dòng))
2.She bought a pairof boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.
4.(After) She heardthe news. She fainted.
after+從句；afterprep.+doing
6.(On) I saw theplane coming towards me. I dashed for cover
on(prep.)+doing?? 一……就……(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作必須是同一個(gè)人)as soon as???? 一……就……
the moment +從句?????? 一……就……
以上兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)不一定是同一個(gè)人
【Special Difficulties】
Interested andInteresting. Excited and Exciting.
大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞和許多過(guò)去分詞都可以作形容詞用穗熬。以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常與人稱主語(yǔ)連用镀迂，表示人的情緒、狀態(tài)唤蔗、喜好等探遵；以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞則常與非人稱主語(yǔ)連用窟赏，表事物的某種特征、性質(zhì)等箱季。
Fishing is notinteresting. I am not interested in it.
Realize and Understand
realize??? vt.意識(shí)到……
He didn't realizethat he had made a mistake. understand?vt.明白……I don't understand English.
Exercises(選擇正確的詞填空)
3.There was some(excited) (exciting) news on the radio.? excitingnews
on the radio 在廣播上
I got news on the radio/on
TV/on the telephone/on the line(在線涯穷，在電話里).
5.He is anexplorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life.? ?anexciting life????
explorer? n.探險(xiǎn)家, 探測(cè)者, 探測(cè)器
lead a life???? 過(guò)著……日子lead ahappy life
【Multiple
choice questions】
6? His bag isempty. He has ___b___ .
a.a empty bag b.anempty bag c.empty bag
d.one empty bagan指一個(gè), 強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞；one一個(gè),強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量I sent aletter.? (強(qiáng)調(diào)信)
I wrote oneword.? (強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)字)
His bag isempty.? 強(qiáng)調(diào)包是空的而不是一個(gè)空包藏雏。
7? I am onlyinterested in doing nothing. That's __c_ I'm interested in.?? a.only??b.the one??c.all??d.the only
?(that's/the) only一般加名詞
that+從句, 從句往往以特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)
that's why…拷况；that's when…
that's all 那就是一切That'sall I can remember.
the one 指東西, 不指事情
11? He alwaysgoes ___d___ with an empty bag.
a.to home? ?b.tohouse c.to the house?d.home
go home 習(xí)慣用法, 最佳答案
go to the house語(yǔ)法正確
沒(méi)有規(guī)則與語(yǔ)法相提并論時(shí)，語(yǔ)法為大掘殴；語(yǔ)法與習(xí)慣用法相提并論時(shí)赚瘦，習(xí)慣用法為大。
Where are yougoing???? (更習(xí)慣這么說(shuō))
Where are you goingto?
?
Lesson 21?? Mad or not?
【New words and expressions】(4)
★mad?? adj.? 發(fā)瘋sb. ismad????
“為……而瘋狂(著迷)”的表示方法：
be mad about…I'mmad about English.
be crazy about…
go insane adj. 患精神病的奏寨，精神病患者的起意，極愚蠢的)I slowly go insane/go crazy/go mad/go bananas.
go bananas?? (go+adj.變得……)
They are going
bananas. =go crazy=go mad (變瘋了)
★reason???? n.原因for this reason 由于這個(gè)理由、原因For this reason,I was late.
as+句子because+句子? 由于……
★sum?? n.量a sum of +不可數(shù)名詞? 一筆……
a large sum of? 大筆的…… (large 指數(shù)量的大)
a large sum ofmoney??? 一大筆錢
a great many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
a great number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
plenty of…???? 足夠多的……
★determined????? adj.堅(jiān)定的, 下決心的
be determined to dosth.??? 下定決心做某事
make up one'smind?? 下定決心
decide to do sth. 決定做=make adecision to do sth.????
determine??? v.下定決心
【課文講解】
1病瞳、Aeroplanesare slowly driving me mad.
drive sb. mad?? 逼某人發(fā)瘋
2揽咕、I live nearan airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
night and day?? 日日夜夜，夜以繼日 (注意連讀)
passing planes??? 過(guò)往飛機(jī) (passing是現(xiàn)在分詞套菜，作定語(yǔ)亲善，起形容詞作用，修飾planes笼踩，“經(jīng)過(guò)的(路過(guò))逗爹，過(guò)往的”) He forgot the man with passingtime.??? 隨著時(shí)間的消逝亡嫌，他忘掉了那個(gè)人嚎于。
3、The airportwas built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.
years前不加確定的數(shù)詞時(shí)挟冠，一般表示“許多年”years ago = many years ago于购，weeks等的用法與它相似
some+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)????? 一些……
some+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 某一…
for some reason由于某個(gè)理由
?We’ll talk about it some other time.? 我們改日再。
4知染、Last year,however, it came into use.
however?? 然而(用于句首, 句中, 用逗號(hào)隔開)
come into use?? 啟用肋僧，開始被使用(主動(dòng)概念，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式)Whendid the train come into use?
?5控淡、Over a hundred people must have been drivenaway from their homes by the noise.
must have been done過(guò)去發(fā)生, 表示推測(cè)嫌吠，被動(dòng)
away from????? 從某地離開(away 離開某地)
out ofsomewhere???? 從某地出來(lái)
6、I am one ofthe few people left.
one of…?????? ……之一(表示特指的一群人/一些東西中的一個(gè)掺炭，后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù))
left表示被留下來(lái)的辫诅，leave過(guò)去分詞, left作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面
left?? 剩下的……東西，相當(dāng)于“Who are
left (by the others) 其他人走了留下他們”I have a bag left.
7涧狮、Sometimes Ithink this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered alarge sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.
knock down??? 撞倒
offer? v.提供(相當(dāng)于given)
雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中炕矮，主語(yǔ)有兩種可能; 以sb.做主語(yǔ)或以sth.做主語(yǔ)give sb. sth.——>被動(dòng)sb. be given sth.give
sth. to sb.——>被動(dòng) sth. be given to sb.雙賓語(yǔ)在變被動(dòng)時(shí)用離動(dòng)詞最近的賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)
原文句型結(jié)構(gòu)sb. beoffered sth.
【Key structures】
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以和大部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用(包括具有情態(tài)功能的will和would)么夫。He may have been told the news.The shops must have been closed now.
動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中既可以動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以在不定式中用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：在句型“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”中肤视，這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都可以成為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)档痪。但由于間接賓語(yǔ)通常是人，所以間接賓語(yǔ)成為被動(dòng)句主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候要多些：
? 【Special
Difficulties】
Drive的用法
① v. 開車, 駕駛(drove, driven, driving)
drive to…開車去往某地I droveto Tianjing yesterday
② vt. 趕邢滑，驅(qū)趕腐螟，圍趕(獵物、敵人等)
drive sb. away from? 把某人趕走
drive sb. out of??? 把某人趕出去
drivesb.back 攆回去Our armydrove the enemy back.
③ vt. 逼迫困后，迫使drive
sb. mad 逼瘋
Home and House
home n. &adv. 家遭垛，家庭，家園(著重指所居住的人操灿，常有愛锯仪、溫暖、舒適趾盐、安全等隱含意義有感情色彩)
? I have a sweet home.
house???? n.房子庶喜，房屋，住宅(指建筑物)
【Multiple choice questions】
5? Over ahundred people must have been driven away. ___a___ they were.
a. I think?b. I'm sure?c. Certain?d. Of course
9? I have beenoffered a large ___a___ of money.
a. amount? b. number? c.some??????? d. piece
a large number of +可數(shù)名詞(不能加不可數(shù)名詞)
an amount of+不可數(shù)???? 一大筆……
some of/plentyof???? 前面是不加“a/an”
10? I amdetermined to stay here. I ___d___ stay here.
a. am will to? b. want to? c. may d. am going to
be going to??? 打算救鲤、計(jì)劃
want to?? 來(lái)自心里的一種想, 喜好久窟，喜歡……
?
Lesson22?? Aglassenvelope
【New words and expressions】(4)
★dream?? v.做夢(mèng), 夢(mèng)想
① vt. 做夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)見dream
that +從句
I dreamt/dreamed(that) I was in Scotland.
② vi. 做夢(mèng)本缠，夢(mèng)見(與of斥扛，about連用)
dream on??? 繼續(xù)做夢(mèng), 癡心妄想(做你的夢(mèng)去吧!別癡心妄想了!)dream of/about sth.???? 夢(mèng)想
dream of doing sth.夢(mèng)想
I dreamed of flyingin the sky.
think of????? 想，考慮丹锹，想起
③ n. 夢(mèng)稀颁；夢(mèng)想，幻想have a
dream = dream a dream 做了個(gè)夢(mèng)Have a good/sweat dream祝你做個(gè)好夢(mèng)!
Have you heard ofthe American Dream?
dream boat??? 夢(mèng)中情人, 夢(mèng)寐以求的(物, 人)
daydream???? 思想開小差楣黍，做白日夢(mèng)
She is daydreaming.
★age n. 年齡teengager
n. 十幾歲的人adolenscent?n.青春期(一般指成年以前由13至15的發(fā)育期)
★throw(threw匾灶，thrown)??? v.扔, 拋
① vt. 投，扔租漂，拋Don’tthrow stones at the dog.
Throw the ball toTom.
throw away???? 扔掉
②把……對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)阶女，向……作出舉動(dòng)
George was veryhappy today. Julie had thrown a smile at him in the morning.
The boss threw himan angry look.
【課文講解】
1、My daughter,Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age inHolland.
…of one's ownage????? 同年齡的……
?receive…from…????? 從……收到……
2哩治、Both girlswrite to each other regularly now.
write to sb.? 給某人寫信write (a letter) to me
each other???? 相互秃踩，彼此，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之間的相互(注意連讀)有時(shí)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)也可用來(lái)指許多人之間“互相”Wemust all help each other.
one another 強(qiáng)調(diào)三或三者以上的相互业筏，有時(shí)可替代each other
3憔杨、Letters willcost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.
cost意為“(使)花費(fèi)，價(jià)錢為……”,其主語(yǔ)通常為某物或某件事情It costs a lot to buy a house.
sth. cost(sb.)??? ……花了某人……(錢)
more即可做形容詞, 又可做代詞驾孔，文中的 “more” 為代詞= more money
give me more???? 再給我一點(diǎn)
a little稍微芍秆，可以修飾比較級(jí)惯疙；much修飾比較級(jí)，譯為“多得多”
【Key structures】
跟of, from, in和on的動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)詞+介詞的固定短語(yǔ)通逞叮可分開使用霉颠，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)，并且大部分都可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：
1荆虱、后接of的動(dòng)詞：accuse of(控告)蒿偎；approve
of(贊成)；assure of(讓……放心)怀读；beware of(謹(jǐn)防)诉位；boast of/about(夸耀),
complain of/about(埋怨)；consist
of(由……組成)菜枷；convince of/about(使信服)苍糠；cure of(治愈)；despair
of(喪失……希望)啤誊；dream of/about(幻想)岳瞭；expect
of/from(期望)；hear of/from(聽到……消息)蚊锹；be/get rid of(擺脫)瞳筏；smell of(聞到)；suspect of(對(duì)……猜疑)牡昆；think of/about(思考)姚炕；tired
of(對(duì)……感到厭煩)；warn of/against(警告……有危險(xiǎn))
Someone must warmhim of the difficulties.????
Don’t expect toomuch of your child.
He must have spokenof the matter to John.
2丢烘、后接from的動(dòng)詞：borrow from(從……借)柱宦；defend from/against (保護(hù)……使免于)；demand from/of(向……要求)铅协；differ from(有別于)捷沸；dismiss from(解雇)摊沉；draw
from(從……中得出)狐史；emerge from(從……出現(xiàn))；escape from(從……逃出)说墨；excuse from/for(允許不……)骏全；hinder from(阻止)；prevent
from(妨礙)尼斧；prohibit from(不準(zhǔn)許)姜贡；protect from/against(向……提抗議)；receive from(接到)棺棵；separate from(把……分開)楼咳；suffe from(受難)
He has alreadyreceived money from three aunts.???
3熄捍、后接in的動(dòng)詞：believe in(信仰)；delight
in(喜歡)母怜；employ(ed) in (從事)余耽；encourage in(鼓勵(lì))；engage(d) in(正做)苹熏；experience(d)
in(在……有經(jīng)驗(yàn))碟贾；fail in(沒(méi)有盡到)；help
in/with(幫助)轨域；include in(包括)袱耽；indulge in(沉醉)；instruct in(教導(dǎo))干发；interest(ed)
in(對(duì)……感興趣)朱巨；invest in(投資)；involved
in(卷入)枉长；persist in(堅(jiān)持)蔬崩；share in(分享)Shedelights in working hard.? 她喜歡努力工作。
He failed in hisFrench test.??
4搀暑、后接on的動(dòng)詞：act on(遵守)沥阳；based on(在……基礎(chǔ)上)；call on(拜訪)自点；comment on(評(píng)論)桐罕；concentrate on(集中于)；congratulate
on(祝賀)桂敛；consult on/about(商量)功炮；count on(依賴)；decide on(決定)术唬；depend
on(依靠)薪伏；economize on(節(jié)約)；embark on(從事)粗仓；experiment on(嘗試)嫁怀；insist
on(堅(jiān)持)；lean on/against(倚靠于……)借浊；live on(靠……為生)塘淑；operate on(起作用)；perform on/in(扮演)蚂斤；pride(oneself)
on(為……感到自豪)存捺；rely on(依靠)；vote on
a motion/for someone(對(duì)……表決(投……的票))曙蒸；, write
on/about(寫……的事)捌治；.
I think he wrote onthe cost of living.?? 我想他寫的是關(guān)于生活費(fèi)用方面的岗钩。
He finally decided
on going home. 他最后決定回家。
【Multiple choice questions】
8? We were
travelling across the Channel. We went on a ___c___ across the Channel. go on a
trip 進(jìn)行旅行
a. sail??????? b. travel????? c. trip??????? d. run
9? Jane wrote hername and address on a ___d___ of paper.
a. lump??? b. bar c.tube??? d. sheet
a lump ofpaper? 一團(tuán)a bar of? 一條, 一塊
a tube ofpaper? 一桶(管)紙
a piece of paper/a
sheet of paper一張紙
?
Lesson23??Anewhouse
【New words and expressions】(4)
★complete????? v.完成(喜歡與建筑工程連用)
① vt. 完成肖油，結(jié)束completethe building
Work on the newschool will be completed next year.
② adj. 完整的凹嘲，全部的
《魯迅全集》中的 “全集” 就用“complete”
This is a completefamily.
③ adj. 十足的，徹底的构韵，絕對(duì)的
There is completesilence in the room.
finish??? v.完成finish/complete homework
finish/completedoing sth.??? 某事做完了
★modern???? adj.新式的, 與以往不同的周蹭，現(xiàn)代的
modernhistory/art???? 現(xiàn)代史/ 現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)
modernization??? n.現(xiàn)代化
★strange adj. 奇怪的(表示因?yàn)閷?duì)一個(gè)東西不熟悉而覺得奇怪, 陌生的)
① adj. 外地的，異鄉(xiāng)的
Living in a strangeland is not always a pleasant thing.
② adj. 陌生的疲恢，生疏的
That morning, hesaw a strange face in the classroom.
be strange tosth.????? 對(duì)……不習(xí)慣, 對(duì)……陌生
This city is quitestrange to me.
stranger n. 陌生人
③ adj. 不平常的凶朗，奇特的，奇怪的显拳，古怪的
The house looksstrange to some people.
★district?? n.地區(qū)棚愤，行政劃分的區(qū)域, 城市內(nèi)的
district??n.地區(qū)，行政區(qū)杂数，地域宛畦，地帶，通常隸屬于某個(gè)整體或具有某些地理特征
The Lake Districtof Northern England is very beautiful.?? 英國(guó)北部的湖區(qū)非常美麗揍移。
area??? n.地段
region? n.地帶次和，區(qū)域，地方那伐，(世界上某個(gè)特定的)地區(qū), (藝術(shù),科學(xué)等的)領(lǐng)域, (大氣, 海水等的)層
【課文講解】
1踏施、If shecomes, she will get a surprise.
get a surprise?? 感到驚奇(這里surprise是可數(shù)名詞，指“令人驚奇的事罕邀，意想不到的事”)
? It’s a surprise to me that they can’t selltheir flat.
surprise也可以作不可數(shù)名詞畅形，表示“驚訝”
? She looked at the man in surprise.
to one's surprise =I get a shock.???? 吃了一驚
2、We are now
living in a beautiful new house in the country. a beautiful new house離一個(gè)名詞最近的詞跟該詞的關(guān)系最密切, 冠詞肯定是放在最前面的
spare oldcloth? 不穿的舊衣服a big red flag 大紅旗3诉探、Work on it had begun before my sisterleft.
work(工作日熬，作業(yè))是抽象的不可數(shù)名詞，“……的工作”后面必須用介詞on
4肾胯、In myletter, I told her that she could stay with us.
stay with?? 跟……暫住在一起(stayvi. 暫住竖席，逗留)
【Special Difficulties】
There is and It is
在說(shuō)明或詢問(wèn)人或物等的存在時(shí)可用there be結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)阳液、一般過(guò)去時(shí)怕敬、一般將來(lái)時(shí)及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)。在用there表示過(guò)存在后帘皿，就必須用it或人稱代詞作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明：
? There’s a bus coming, but it’s full.
it作為“虛主語(yǔ)”表示時(shí)間、距離畸陡、天氣等概念時(shí)鹰溜，不能用there be結(jié)構(gòu)It’s fifteen miles to the station.
Exercise(用it或there填空)
3? ______ were
some men digging up the road outside my house. there : There+be+sb.+doing+地點(diǎn) : 某地有某人正在做某事(典型句型)
digging up: 挖出, 找出
4? Look at
those clouds. I think ______ will be a thunderstorm.there : 在表示天氣的時(shí)候, 后面如果是動(dòng)詞或形容詞, 用it, 如果是名詞, 用there be.
It is raining(動(dòng)詞)/It is
cold(形容詞).
There be +名詞 : There is
a rain. 那兒有一場(chǎng)雨
9After dinner___will be a long discussion on politics.
10?When will__ it ___be convenient for you to come?
什么時(shí)候?qū)δ銇?lái)說(shuō)最方便?
?
Lesson 24? ?It could be worse
【New words and expressions】(7)
★manager??? n.經(jīng)理(用能力, 辦事的)
boss?? n.老板(有錢)
head?? n.頭兒虽填，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)(表示重要，系親密的人物)
★upset不安(事后)nervous adj. 緊張曹动，不安(事前)
★complain? v.抱怨
① vi. 抱怨斋日，發(fā)牢騷，訴苦(常與of墓陈，about連用)
complain of/about…(to sb.)??? 對(duì)某人/向某人抱怨
I compianed of mysalary to my boss.
② vi. 控告恶守，抗議(與of，about連用)
The people in thatdistrict complained to the police about the noise from that factory.
★wicked????? adj.很壞的, 邪惡的
① adj. 邪惡的贡必，壞的(道德上的壞兔港，可用 “evil” 替代)She saw a wicked smile on hisface.
② adj. 淘氣的，頑皮的(尤指小孩)
Don’t be so wicked,Tom.
③ adj.(天氣)惡劣的
★contain? v.包含, 內(nèi)裝(強(qiáng)調(diào)用容器裝)
container n. 集裝箱仔拟，容量contain
v. 用容器裝
The cup containswater. = The cup is full of water.
The bag containsbooks. include???? v.包含
★honesty n. 誠(chéng)實(shí)honest adj.honestly? adv.誠(chéng)實(shí)地
【課文講解】
1衫樊、I enteredthe hotel manager's office and sat down.
the hotel manger’soffice? 名詞可以修飾名詞
telephonenumber?? 電話號(hào)碼
the villagefair?? 鄉(xiāng)村集市(the fair of the village = thefair in the village)
2、I had justlost $50 and I felt very upset.
lose???? vt.遺失利花，丟失(賓語(yǔ)一般為錢物)
feel +形容詞一般指心情“覺得……科侈，感覺到……”
?3、The manager was sympathetic, but he could donothing.
could do nothingabout it?? 對(duì)此事無(wú)能為力
I could do nothingto help you.????
4炒事、'Everyone'slosing money these days,' he said.
days可以指“時(shí)期臀栈，時(shí)代”，如in his boyhood days(在他的童年時(shí)代)挠乳。these days指“現(xiàn)今”用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)取代一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 在英文是一種修辭方法, 表示不滿, 一種感情挂脑。
【Multiple choice questions】
6? Where didshe find the money? ___a___ the room.
a. Outside b. Out of?c. Out? ??? d.Without
outside?? adv&prep.在外面
out of? 從…到外面去,要和有實(shí)在意義的動(dòng)詞連用
get/go/come out of
out?? adv.在……外面, 副詞不會(huì)加名詞
10? He losthis money. His money was ___b___ .
a. losing? b. missing c.going away d. disappearing
lose?? v.丟失 sb. lose sth. 人丟失東西(賓語(yǔ)一般為錢物)miss??? v.懷念, 錯(cuò)過(guò), 丟失
missing?? adj.丟失的My keys are lost/missing.
My child is
missing. (人丟了只能用missing，不能用be lost)missing boy??? 失蹤的孩子
go away??? 離開(人走) sb. goaway
be gone?? 不見了My book is gone.? 我的書不見了
Gone with wind》? 《飄》(隨風(fēng)而逝),
disappear??? vi.不見了(瞬間動(dòng)詞), 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 也很少用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)His money disppeared.
表示東西不見了的幾種表示：lose
sth./sth. be lost欲侮；sth. is missing崭闲；sth. is gone.；sth./sb. disappear/disappeared
?
Lesson 25? ??Do the English speakEnglish?
【New words and expressions】(5)
★severalquantifier????? 幾個(gè)
several＝a numberof…?????? 一些威蕉，只能修飾可數(shù)
several times???? 許多次(不能說(shuō)sometimes)
some? 一些, 即可以修飾可數(shù), 又可以修飾不可數(shù)
a great numberof…? 大量的some time??? 一段時(shí)間some time ago?? 一段時(shí)間以前
sometime??? adv.某時(shí)I will defeat you sometime.
sometimes????? adv.有時(shí), 偶爾
★wonder????? v.感到奇怪
① n. 奇跡刁俭，奇觀，奇才韧涨；驚奇牍戚，驚訝
the seven wondersof the world in ancient times????
② vi.&vt. 感到驚訝，感到詫異虑粥，對(duì)……事情感奇怪They wondered that there was a modern building in district. wonderat sth.
I wonder at thebeauty of the old town.
③ vt.&vi.(對(duì)……)感到疑惑/懷疑如孝，想要知道
wonder +if +從句 是否……I
wonder if you have any spare time. wonder +特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +從句
I wondered whereyou were going.
Could you tell me
how to get to?/I wondered how to get there. 問(wèn)路
no wonder? 難怪wonderful??adj.極好的
【課文講解】
1辣辫、Do theEnglish speak English?
English這里均為名詞寇蚊，第一個(gè)指“英國(guó)人”，前面要加the裸卫，表示一個(gè)群體，后面的動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)茁瘦；第二個(gè)指“英語(yǔ)”品抽，指語(yǔ)言時(shí)前面不加冠詞。
? The English often talk about the weather.
English還可以作形容詞甜熔，表示“英格蘭的圆恤，英國(guó)的，英國(guó)人的”等腔稀。與English相似的單詞有French盆昙，Chinese，Japanese等焊虏。
2淡喜、I arrived inLondon at last.
arrive at?? 小地點(diǎn)；arrive in??大地點(diǎn)
reach???? vt.到達(dá)……(后面一定要加賓語(yǔ))
get to+賓語(yǔ)????? 到達(dá)……
home/there都是副詞炕淮，副詞跟動(dòng)詞連用的時(shí)候不需要加介詞拆火，arrive也一樣；但一般不用“reach home/there”涂圆，如一定要這樣寫則把“home”看作名詞们镜，“there”當(dāng)代詞看, 不作副詞看
get home? 到家；get there?到那
3I did not know theway to my hotel, so I asked a porter.? theway to …????? 通往……路
know sth. well?? 對(duì)…很熟悉I know the boywell.
4润歉、I not onlyspoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.
not only...but...as
well= not only…but also… 不但……而且……
I can speak notonly Chinese but English as well.
Not only you but
also I will go there.主語(yǔ)并列(一般不這么用)
not only喜歡放在動(dòng)詞的前面模狭，一般遇到實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候, 習(xí)慣放在兩者之間
I can not only
speak Chinese but English as well.(更習(xí)慣的說(shuō)法)
as well本身的含義是“也、又踩衩、還”
?5嚼鹉、He answered me, but he spoke neither slowlynor clearly.? neither…nor…?? ……既不，也不……
?6驱富、To learn English well is to study hard.
但在口語(yǔ)中Tolearn English well is study hard.
【Letter Writing】
寫信人的地址位于信紙的右上角锚赤，被稱為“信頭”，地址后面總是接寫日期St.是 Steet的縮略
逗號(hào)在地址里表示前者屬于后者
I am in class1,Grade 1.
在日期里, 月和日之間不需要逗號(hào)褐鸥，且月和日的順序可互換线脚，但在年代之前要有逗號(hào)，日期是以序數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的叫榕，月份一定要是英語(yǔ)字母
February thefourth, 1998 =the fourth of February, 1998
Haidian District,(海淀區(qū))
BeiJing,
China.(最后一個(gè)地點(diǎn)要打上句號(hào))
【Key structures】
并列句中的語(yǔ)序
通過(guò)并列連詞可把幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連起來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句浑侥。在并列句中，各分句要根據(jù)上下文的要求按邏輯次序排列晰绎，但各分句都同等重要并獨(dú)立存在寓落。
并列連詞可以用來(lái)表示另加(and)、對(duì)比(but荞下，yet)伶选、選擇(or)史飞、連續(xù)(and，then)以及結(jié)局或結(jié)果(so)考蕾。
however 用在句號(hào)的后面, 單獨(dú)成句, 于前邊的句子只有意思上的承接, 沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的承接, 語(yǔ)法上的承接表轉(zhuǎn)折只能用 but祸憋。一些并列句的連詞：and会宪，and then肖卧，but，so掸鹅，yet塞帐，or，not only…but…as well 不但……而且……巍沙，neither…nor… 既不……也不……葵姥，either…or…或者……或者……，both…and…??? 兩者都yet?? adv.然而放在句末或句中, 與否定句, 疑問(wèn)句相連, 并且與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用得比較多Have you finished yet?
yet=but 連詞句携，放在兩個(gè)句子間, 起轉(zhuǎn)折作用
or?? adv.或者, 否則
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and或both…and連接常用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also 或or 連接時(shí)榔幸，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與nor,or,but also后面的詞一致，在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中矮嫉，這被稱之為“就近原則”削咆，離動(dòng)詞最近的名詞是單數(shù), 整個(gè)主語(yǔ)就視為單數(shù)；離動(dòng)詞最近的名詞是復(fù)數(shù), 整個(gè)主語(yǔ)就視為復(fù)數(shù)
【語(yǔ)法精粹】
1.They ___B____ thetrip until the rain stopped.
A. continued???? ????B. didn't continue????
C. hadn'tcontinued?????? D. would continue
until是前面和后面用一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)都對(duì)蠢笋，但是我們?cè)谝话闱闆r下兩個(gè)都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)
2.The localpeasants gave the solders clothes and food without which they __A___ of hungerand cold.??? (without在這里表示條件)
A. would die??? ???B. will die????????
C. would bedead?? ???D. would have died虛擬語(yǔ)氣
3.It was not untilthen that I came to know that the earth __D__around the sun.
A. moved? B. has moved?C. will move? D. moves
It was not until
that是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),首先將“It was…that”去掉拨齐，再將“not”移到“that”后句子中。
4. When all those
present(到場(chǎng)者)__D__he begin his lecture. A. sit?B. set?C. seated D. were seated
seat??? vt.做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候兩種情況① seat sb.昨寞；②sb. be seated sit?? vi.坐?sb. sit down
?
Lesson 26? ?The best art critics
【New words and expressions】(13)
upside down??? 上下顛倒地(兩個(gè)同樣的音連在一起時(shí), 前面的音聲去不讀)
★art??? n.藝術(shù)art student?? 藝術(shù)系的學(xué)生
English studen學(xué)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生studentof England???? 英國(guó)學(xué)生art gallery 藝術(shù)畫廊(gallery? n.長(zhǎng)廊, 游廊瞻惋；畫廊) black art?? 巫術(shù) artist?n.藝術(shù)家
artiste n. 藝人??
★critic??? n.評(píng)論家
criticise?? v.批評(píng), 批判(主要指批判, 但不完全是責(zé)備的意思)He criticised my painting.
criticism??? n.批評(píng), 批判critical?? adj.挑剔的
critically???? adv.愛挑剔的
★paint??? v.畫
draw a picture? 用線條畫paint a picture強(qiáng)調(diào)油畫
painting??? n.畫oil painting 油畫 ；Chinese painting 中國(guó)國(guó)畫Beijing opera 國(guó)戲, 京劇
★pretend v. 假裝pretend to
do sth. 假裝
….pretend that +從句???? 假裝……
★pattern????? n.圖案
① n. 圖案patterndrills??? ② n. 模式, 典范
★material?? n.材料listening material?? 聽力材料
★appreciate???? v.鑒賞 ＝understand and enjoy
appreciatesth.???? 感激……
appreciate doingsth.???? 我很喜歡做某事
enjoy?? v.欣賞援岩，得到享受歼狼，樂(lè)趣
I like/love/enjoy/I
appreciate…(程度一個(gè)比一個(gè)深)
I like sth.I likesth. very much.
I like sth.better.I like sth. best.
★notice????? v.注意到
① vt. 注意到，察覺到(不用進(jìn)行時(shí))
You never noticewhat’s going on around you.
notice???? 細(xì)節(jié)上的注意, 往往是別人沒(méi)注意的東西, 你注意到了, 細(xì)節(jié)上的東西
I notice the beauty
spot.(美人痣)
pay attentionto???? 思想上的注意
② n. 注意享怀，察覺The girlin red caught his notice.
③ n.(書面的)通知羽峰，布告，海報(bào)
★whether???? conj.是否
if在表示“是否”的時(shí)候可以被whether所取代凹蜈；if在表示“如果”的時(shí)候不可以用whether取代
whether…or not =if
If it willrain…?? (不是條件狀語(yǔ)從句, 故可以用將來(lái)時(shí)will)=Whether it will rain…/Whether it will rain or not…(可以加“not” )
I wondered if it
will rain.(不加“not” )
★hang???? v.懸掛, 吊
① vt.&vi(將……)懸掛限寞，吊hang — hung — hung
A pretty curtainhangs over the window.
hang — hanged —hanged???? v.絞死, 吊死
② vt.&vi 垂下
He sat in a chairand hung (down) his head.
③ vt.&vi安裝……使能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)/擺動(dòng)
Have you hung thedoor??? 你把門裝上了嗎？
★upside down? 上下顛倒地
①上下顛倒When hestands on his head, everything appears upside down to him.
②亂七八糟仰坦，混亂不堪
My little boyalways makes the room upside down.
【課文講解】
1履植、They arejust pretty patterns.
just在此處指“只是，僅僅(是)”
? It was just a wrong number.
just另一個(gè)意思是“剛才悄晃，正好玫霎，正是”
? It’s just six o’clock./ I’ve just heard the news.
2凿滤、We like themin the same way that we like pretty curtain material.
pretty curtainmaterial?? 漂亮的窗簾布
in the same waythat =as…????? 正如……一樣
The son walked inthe same way that/as his father walked.??in a way?? 以某種方式
3、I think thatyoung children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else.
else跟在anyone,anything等不定代詞的后面庶近，表示“另外/加翁脆、其它/他的、不同的”鼻种，else也可跟疑問(wèn)代詞連用反番，如 who else，what else
I can find nothingelse here excep an old dictionary.
better than anyoneelse?比其他任何人(表示最高級(jí)的含義)
用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)：
The teacher is
taller than anyone else. (“else”不能少, 把主語(yǔ)從“anyone”中排除)
4叉钥、My sister isonly seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not.
連接詞whether…or
not可以表示選擇：
I don’t knowwhether you are interested (in it) or not.
You must help him,whether you like him or not.?
5罢缸、'I'm hangingthis picture on the wall,' I answered.
the windows in the
wall /picture on the wall 注意介詞的不同
6、'It's allright,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?'
Isn’t it upside
down? ＝It’s upside down. 否定疑問(wèn)句投队，沒(méi)有否定的意思枫疆，起肯定作用，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用敷鸦，表達(dá)一種情緒Aren't you lucky???? 你真幸運(yùn)
【Key structures】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以用于表述現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)息楔，也經(jīng)常用于表述經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或帶有普遍性的情況扒披，頻度副詞可有可無(wú)值依，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)還用于表示普遍性真理。
和人的情緒相連, 跟人的狀態(tài)相連, 跟人的思維活動(dòng)相連的動(dòng)詞都不用進(jìn)行時(shí)谎碍，而用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)鳞滨，這些動(dòng)詞是：appear，appreciate蟆淀，be拯啦，believe，feel熔任，find褒链，forget，hear疑苔，know甫匹，like，look like惦费，notice兵迅，remember，resemble薪贫，see恍箭，think，understand 等等
【Special Difficulties】
Speech marks引號(hào)
在書面語(yǔ)會(huì)話中瞧省，用引號(hào)(單引號(hào)或雙引號(hào))把實(shí)際的對(duì)話括起來(lái)扯夭。引號(hào)在英文當(dāng)中第一次出現(xiàn)是單引號(hào), 第二次出現(xiàn)是雙引號(hào), 英文當(dāng)中的書名號(hào)用引號(hào)來(lái)替代
注意事項(xiàng):
①引號(hào)位于一行之上, 它們應(yīng)在句尾其他標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)—如逗號(hào)鳍贾、句號(hào)、問(wèn)號(hào)—之外. ②引語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)詞以大寫字母開頭. ③在said, asked等詞后面用逗號(hào), 只有當(dāng)它們位于句尾時(shí), 才在它們的后面用句號(hào). ④當(dāng)said, asked等詞置于引語(yǔ)之間時(shí), 句子的后半部分以小寫字母開始. ⑤當(dāng)一個(gè)新的說(shuō)話人開始講話時(shí), 要另起一個(gè)段落.
【Multiple choice questions】
4? What is itabout? Tell me ___b___ .
a. what is it about??????????? b. what it is about
c. what about it is ?????? d.what about is it
疑問(wèn)句的直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)要注意：
① 特殊疑問(wèn)句由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)②時(shí)態(tài)：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí), 其從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)③疑問(wèn)句變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 要變成陳述句語(yǔ)序④人稱的變化
5? She tellsme ______ my pictures are good or not.
a. weather? ?? b.that??????? c. if? d.unless
沒(méi)有一個(gè)答案是對(duì)的:直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的連接詞有３種：陳述句中的that交洗；一般疑問(wèn)句中的if/whether骑科；特殊疑問(wèn)句中的特殊疑問(wèn)詞
6? Do you likemy picture? It's ___d___ .
a. a new?? b. one new c.new one d. a new one
A 缺名詞；B 缺名詞或位置錯(cuò)誤构拳；C 缺冠詞
one 可以作代詞, 還可以作數(shù)詞
10? Youngchildren often appreciate modern pictures. They ___d___ them.
a. estimate b.esteem c. value d. understand and enjoy
estimante??? v.評(píng)估咆爽，評(píng)價(jià)；esteem?? v.尊敬隐圾；value??? v.認(rèn)為……有價(jià)值
9? Thiscurtain material is very good ___b___ .
a. clothes b. cloth?? c.substance?? d. matter
clothes?? n.衣服(讀音省略[W] 的音)clothn. 布
11? Theynotice more. They ______ more.
a. remark?? b. observe??? c.say???? d. take care
在此句中,notice=observe
12? It'supside down. It isn't ___d___ .
a. up?b. down c.the right way down d. the right way up. not the right way down = the right wayup
upside down與the right
way up意思相反
?
Lesson27? ??Awet night
【New words and expressions】(15)
★field????? n.田地, 田野
in the field? 在田野里in one's field 在……領(lǐng)域?
football field? 足球場(chǎng)地airfield 飛機(jī)場(chǎng)(介詞用on)
★smell (smelled伍掀，smelt)???? v.聞起來(lái)
① vt. 嗅掰茶，聞I cansmell something burning.
② vi. 聞起來(lái)有……氣味暇藏，散發(fā)……氣味
You smell ofsoap.??? 你身上有肥皂味。
smell? 系動(dòng)詞, 接表語(yǔ), 接形容詞
taste? v.嘗起來(lái)sound? v.聽起來(lái)
feel??? v.感到
①心理感到I feelill.
②用手的感受Theblackbroad felt cold.
感官動(dòng)詞：look濒蒋，taste盐碱，sound，smell沪伙，feel
③ n. 氣味I can’tstand the smell in this room.
★wonderful????? adj.極好的Fantastic!
Great ! (與物相連瓮顽，口語(yǔ)中用得更多)
Excellent ! adj.卓越的, 極好的(與人相連)
Outstanding !? (人) 好得站了出來(lái)
Brilliant!?? adj.燦爛的, 閃耀的, 有才氣的
★campfire????? n.營(yíng)火, 篝火
fire 可數(shù)也不可數(shù) (一堆堆的火為可數(shù), 爐子里的火為不可數(shù))
★creep (crept，crept)?? v.爬行 (躡手躡腳的) 也是平行的爬
creep out??? 躡手躡腳(別人不注意, 偷偷摸摸的)
climb??? v.爬climb up or down (上下爬)
crawl? v.平行地爬
★sleeping bag????? 睡袋
動(dòng)詞加ing 變成形容詞作定語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)意思:
①正在……?? 如：sleeping dog
②用來(lái)做…… 如：leeping bag
★soundly? adv.香甜地sleep soundly?? 睡得很甜
表示睡覺的短語(yǔ)：go to
bed 上床/go to sleep 睡覺/fall
asleep墜入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)(fall為半聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞)/sleep
well睡得很好/sleep deeply 睡得很沉/fall
fast asleep 睡得好香(fast asleep熟睡)
★leap?? v.跳躍, 跳起jump?? v.跳
jump up anddown??? 原地跳躍
leap?? v.跳躍, 有距離(如從溝的這邊跳到另一邊, 位置變化)Look before you leap.??? 三思而后行
leapyear/month?? 閏年/月
skip? v.課文行的跳過(guò)去围橡，單詞暖混，文章
★heavily??? adv.大量地
rain/snowheavily???? 一般與雨雪連用
smoke heavily?? 煙癮重
★form???? ① vi. 形成，產(chǎn)生
②形狀外形The icecream is made in the form of a ball
.③ n. 表格
★wind (wound翁授；wound)???
①? v.蜿蜒?wind one's way蜿蜒而行
②?? n.風(fēng)拣播；v. 刮風(fēng)
★right????? adv.正好
right 做副詞時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)后邊的形容詞、副詞收擦、介詞短語(yǔ)贮配，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞，可用just來(lái)替換
Right here.??? 就在這兒
just like?? 正好塞赂；?just as? 正如
后邊加代詞時(shí)只能用just泪勒，如：just you 就是你了，不能用“right”代替
【課文講解】
漢語(yǔ)與英文只有意義的對(duì)等,沒(méi)有字的對(duì)等
My idea is the sameas yours.? 我的想法與你一樣的
I agree with you.(口語(yǔ))I think
so.(口語(yǔ))
1宴猾、A wet night
英文中表示 “濕” 的詞：wet圆存，damp，moist (濕的程度減少)
wet?? adj.濕淋淋的(反義詞是dry)
damp??? adj.讓人感覺不太舒服
moist??? adj.潮濕的仇哆； n. 潮濕沦辙，稍濕(給人感覺舒服，如濕潤(rùn))moist cake? 松軟的蛋糕moist eyes 水靈靈的眼睛dreamy eyes??? 夢(mèng)幻般的眼睛
humid??? adj.指氣候比較潮濕
2税产、Late in theafternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field.
late in theafternoon? 傍晚
early in the
morning 清早
put up =set up??? 搭建(強(qiáng)調(diào)搭怕轿，如搭個(gè)草棚等)
build? 建(強(qiáng)調(diào)精心設(shè)計(jì)并且建造)
build a car?? 制造汽車 (一般不用“make acar” )
make a desk?
in the middle of 在……當(dāng)中偷崩，在……中間(相對(duì)兩邊，既可以用于表示地理位置撞羽，又可以用于表示時(shí)間或在某個(gè)過(guò)程當(dāng)中)
in the centerof? 在……中心阐斜，在……中部/中央(相對(duì)四面，一般用于表示地理位置诀紊，腹地)
在陸地的腹地用“center”
3谒出、As soon asthis was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire.
open fire? 在野外生的火, 篝火，盆火(指無(wú)遮蓋的邻奠、沒(méi)有圍起來(lái)的火)cook a meal 做一頓飯
4笤喳、After awonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.
表示“在……之后”的句式：after+從句/doing/n.
在……旁邊：at the door?? 門邊, (緊挨著的)
sit at the table 桌邊
by?? 在……旁邊，靠近 (不會(huì)緊挨著的, 但也不會(huì)很遠(yuǎn)碌宴，通常指距離非常近)Come and sit by me.
?next to He sits next to me./who is the next? (緊鄰)
the next door to my
house(next door 在隔壁)
beside = nextto?? 與……相鄰near???? 在附近
5杀狡、The boysfelt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent.
put out?? 人為的熄滅火be out???? 火自動(dòng)熄滅
6、In themiddle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting.
in the middle ofthe night=midnight
at midnight??? 在午夜he mid-autumn day? 中秋節(jié)wake up?? 醒來(lái)(主語(yǔ)自己醒)wake sb. up?? 喚醒
開始干：begindoing/start doing/begin to do/start to do
7贰镣、It wasraining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field.
如果強(qiáng)調(diào)某東西自動(dòng)形成, 則可以用主動(dòng)態(tài), 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)某東西是人為的, 用被動(dòng)態(tài)呜象，在這里river formed 河流是自動(dòng)形成
The dooropened.??? 強(qiáng)調(diào)門自動(dòng)開
The door wasopened.?? 門被打開, 強(qiáng)調(diào)人為的
【Composition】
I am verytall(so)(but)I must be careful. Doorways are often low(and)(but)Iusually(beat)(knock)my head against them. My head always(hurts)(pains). I havenever(met)(recognized)a tall architect. Have you?
so，and碑隆，knock恭陡，hurts，met
doorways???? n.門欄
knock/beat：knock 大聲地撞上煤；beet 持續(xù)的撞擊/打
against?? prep.相對(duì)作用的力 (在政治上叫 “反對(duì)” )hurt/pain：身體的某一部位+hurts休玩，表示某一部疼痛；pain 表示疼痛的名詞
My hand hurts./Ihave a pain in my hand.
【Letter writing】
信頭各部分的順序如下：門牌號(hào)碼劫狠、街名拴疤、城市名稱、地區(qū)嘉熊、國(guó)家和日期遥赚。只有給居住在國(guó)外的人寫信時(shí)，才需要寫上國(guó)名阐肤。地址的每一行都以逗號(hào)結(jié)尾凫佛，最后一行用句號(hào)。在日期后面不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)孕惜。
【Special Difficulties】
與put有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：
put up with???? 容忍愧薛，忍受
?put up? ① 搭建，搭建衫画； ②安排住宿毫炉，為……提供膳宿，夜宿put out???? 撲滅put on???? 穿上
?put away?把……收好削罩，放好put off? 推遲瞄勾，拖延put down = writedown??? 記下费奸，寫下，記錄下
【Multiple Choice】
9? The boyshad put out the campfire. The fire wasn't ___d___ .
a. switched on??b. on fire??c. on??? d. alight
be on??? 上演, 亮著的(一般指燈亮著的).
switch???? n.開關(guān)进陡；v. 用開關(guān)
on fire? 起火alight以a開頭的形容詞為表語(yǔ)形容詞
?
Lesson 28? ?No parking
【New words and expressions】(7)
★rare??? ① adj. 罕見的 指世界上都少有
rare animal 稀有動(dòng)物愿阐；rare
bird 珍稀鳥類；rare illness 疑難雜癥
scarce adj. 缺乏的趾疚，不足的缨历，稀有的，不充足的(少有的糙麦，表示某個(gè)時(shí)間段或某個(gè)地方少有)
Watermelon isscarce in winter.?
② adj. 幾乎是生的
well done?? 全熟medium??adj.半生半熟的
★ancient???? adj.古代的, 古老的
antique?? adj.古代的辛孵，古玩，古董赡磅，古老而有價(jià)值的antique furniture??? 古董家具
★myth??? n.神話故事fairy??? n.神仙故事
★trouble???? ① n. 麻煩
I'm sorry to put
you in trouble. 我很抱歉給你帶來(lái)麻煩(口語(yǔ)) ask for trouble? 自找麻煩
have trouble indoing sth.???? .
② v. 麻煩Nevertrouble troubles until troubles trouble you.????永遠(yuǎn)不要自尋煩惱
Let sleeping doglie.?? 不要自找麻煩
★effect???? n.結(jié)果, 效果
have an effect?? 有效果have no effect??? 沒(méi)有效果
have effect on????? 對(duì)……有效果
【課文講解】
1魄缚、Jasper Whiteis one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths.
believe????? vt.相信，認(rèn)為
believe in???? 信任仆邓，信賴(人格鲜滩、力量等)；信仰节值；相信……的存在，相信……的價(jià)值
? I believe in God.???? 我信仰上帝榜聂。
?2搞疗、He has just bought a new house in the city,but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.
ever since=since????? 從那以后一直(ever
since的語(yǔ)氣比since強(qiáng)，主句一般用完成時(shí))
have troubledoing????? 做……有麻煩
have trouble withsb.????? 和某人相處有麻煩
3须肆、Because ofthis, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.
because只能作連詞用匿乃，后面接從句?because of?由于，介詞短語(yǔ)豌汇，后面不可以跟從句幢炸，只能跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞 “-ing”.be able to 的主語(yǔ)一般都是人, 表示有能力去做拒贱；can表示天生的或?qū)W到的能力時(shí)宛徊，只能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)(could)，而不可用于將來(lái)時(shí)逻澳。將來(lái)時(shí)中表示能力時(shí)必須用be able to闸天。在現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)中，can/could與be able to一般可以互換斜做，在完成時(shí)中一般用be able to苞氮。
?get sth. into?把……弄進(jìn)
drive the carinto???? 把車子撞上……
even once???? 甚至一次(even 起強(qiáng)調(diào))
4、But none ofthem has been turned to stone yet!
none of瓤逼，neither of做主語(yǔ)時(shí)做單數(shù)看待
【Composition】
My wife (drives)(leads) a car. She has (driven) (ridden) a car for many years (and) (but) shesays that women drivers (do not deserve) (are not worth) their bad reputation.Yet, on the road, she often (criticizes) (judges) other women drivers.
drives/driven/and/donot deserve/criticizes
reputation n.名譽(yù), 名聲
judge? n.法官, 審判員, 裁判員, 鑒賞家, 鑒定人, (J-)最高的審判者 vt.審理, 鑒定, 判斷, 判決, 斷定, 認(rèn)為 vi.下判斷, 作評(píng)價(jià)
【Key structures】
Wht has happened? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)：before(now)笼吟，so far库物，up
to/till now，just贷帮，already艳狐，now，ever皿桑，never毫目，since和for等，since一般與一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用诲侮，for一般與時(shí)間段連用镀虐。
【Special Difficulties】
關(guān)系從句及關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系從句又可稱為定語(yǔ)從句或形容詞從句，它像形容詞一樣可以形容人沟绪、物及事件刮便。關(guān)系從句可分為限定性關(guān)系從句(不帶逗號(hào))和非限定性關(guān)系從句(帶逗號(hào))。表示人的關(guān)系代詞：who绽慈，whom恨旱，that，whose(口語(yǔ)中whom經(jīng)常由who代替)
表示事物和動(dòng)物的關(guān)系代詞：which坝疼，that
關(guān)系代詞可以有四個(gè)概念:
①代人的, 做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)who搜贤，只做賓語(yǔ)的whom
②代物的, 做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)? which
③代人的也可以代物的? 做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)that
④ whose其代表的東西由其在句子中的成分決定(不一定指人)
關(guān)系代詞后面要加從句，先行詞放在定語(yǔ)從句前面, 而且是兩句話共同含有的詞, 還是被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞I have a book that/which he likes.( “book” 為先行詞 “that/which” 為關(guān)系代詞)
關(guān)系代詞有兩個(gè)功能 : 一是承上, 一是啟下(如上句中的 “book” 作從句的賓語(yǔ))
The boy who isstanding at the door is my brother.
I can do anythingthat I can do.???
I have a housewhose windows are broken.??
關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)往往可以省略钝凶，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)則不可以仪芒。whose 后面一定要加一個(gè)名詞, 然后這個(gè)部分共同做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)
The pilot whoseplane landed in a field was not hurt.
Exersise(在需要的地方填上who,
which, that或whose)
1 The only games
______ I play are football and tennis.先行詞如果用only, 序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)修飾, 其后邊的關(guān)系詞只用that
4 This is the hotelat ______ we are staying.
介詞后加物的話, 只加which,加人的話, 用whom, 都不可用that,who也不能
6 That is the horse______ won the race.
句子中用詞避免重復(fù), 句首已有了一個(gè) “that” , 故選 “which” 而不是“that”
Who is the man thatis helping you??? 誰(shuí)是那個(gè)正在幫助你的人?(不用“who”避免重復(fù))
7 He is the sort ofperson ______ everyone admires.
【Multiple choice questions】
7? ___b___ ofthem has been turned to stone.
a. No one? b. Not one c.No? d. Even one
no 是形容詞, 后加名詞
no one =nobody
(“nobody” 指的是人, 它將 “cars” 排除了是不對(duì)的)，不定代詞后不用of
可以用的有:neither of/none of/both of/all of
none of =not one of
12? The signshaven't had any effect. They haven't ___a___ anyone.
a. affected??? b. effected??c. resulted in? ?d.imposed
effect? n.影響have effect??? 有效果
affect??? v.影響
