Mining Pools
Reward types & explanation/Methods
常見的幾種:PPLNS尖啡、PPS莽红、DGM斤彼、P2Pool范抓。
CPPSRB - Capped Pay Per Share with Recent Backpay.
DGM - Double Geometric Method. A hybrid between PPLNS and Geometric reward types that enables to operator to absorb some of the variance risk. Operator receives portion of payout on short rounds and returns it on longer rounds to normalize payments.
Double Geometric Method. 雙幾何制。 結(jié)合了 PPLNS 和幾何獎勵類型,使得礦池運營者能規(guī)避一部分風險梅忌。礦池運營者在短期內(nèi)收取部分挖出的貨幣,然后在之后以正規(guī)化過的值返還給礦工除破,像電容充放電牧氮,運氣好每 block 少給你點,運氣差多給你點瑰枫。
ESMPPS - Equalized Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like SMPPS, but equalizes payments fairly among all those who are owed.
POT - Pay On Target. A high variance PPS variant that pays on the difficulty of work returned to pool rather than the difficulty of work served by pool.
PPLNS - Pay Per Last N Shares. Similar to proportional, but instead of looking at the number of shares in the round, instead looks at the last N shares, regardless of round boundaries.
(最純正的組隊挖礦)全稱Pay Per Last N Shares踱葛,意思是說“根據(jù)過去的N個股份來支付收益”,這意味著光坝,所有的礦工一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個區(qū)塊尸诽,大家將根據(jù)每個人自己貢獻的股份數(shù)量占比來分配區(qū)塊中的貨幣。(share就是股份的意思)舉個例子:假設(shè)盯另,張三性含、李四、王五鸳惯,這三個人在同一個PPLNS礦池中挖礦商蕴,在過去的一段時間里,張三貢獻了10個股份芝发,李四貢獻3個绪商,王五貢獻12個,加起來是25個股份辅鲸,這時礦池發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個區(qū)塊格郁,區(qū)塊中含有25個比特幣,那么独悴,張三就會分到10/25個區(qū)塊的獎勵例书,也就是10個比特幣,而李四獲得3個绵患,王五獲得12個雾叭。
在PPLNS模式下,運氣成份非常重要落蝙,如果礦池一天能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)很多個區(qū)塊织狐,那么大家的分紅也會非常多,如果礦池一天下來都沒有能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)區(qū)塊筏勒,那么大家也就沒有任何收益移迫。同時,由于PPLNS下管行,具有一定的滯后慣性厨埋,你的挖礦收益會有一定的延遲,比如說捐顷,你加入到一個新的PPLNS礦池荡陷,這個時候你會發(fā)現(xiàn)前面幾個小時的收益比較低雨效,那是因為別人在這個礦池里已經(jīng)貢獻了很多個share了,你是新來的废赞,你的貢獻還很少徽龟,所以分紅時你的收益都是比較低的。隨著時間的推移唉地,該結(jié)算的也結(jié)算了据悔,大家又開始進行了新一輪的運算時,你就回到和別人一樣的水平了耘沼。同樣道理极颓,若你離開了PPLNS礦池不再挖礦,你貢獻的share還在群嗤,在此后的一段時間里菠隆,你依然會得到分紅收益,直到你的share被結(jié)算完畢骚烧。
PPLNSG - Pay Per Last N Groups (or shifts). Similar to PPLNS, but shares are grouped into "shifts" which are paid as a whole.
PPS - Pay Per Share. Each submitted share is worth certain amoutripnt of BC. Since finding a block requires <current difficulty> shares on average, a PPS method with 0% fee would be 12.5 BTC divided by <current difficulty>. It is risky for pool operators, hence the fee is highest.
Pay-Per-Share方式—該方式為立即為每一個share支付報酬浸赫。該支出來源于礦池現(xiàn)有的比特幣資金,因此可以立即取現(xiàn)赃绊,而不用等待區(qū)塊生成完畢或者確認既峡。這樣可以避免礦池運營者幕后操縱。這中方法減少了礦工的風險碧查,但將風險轉(zhuǎn)移給了礦池的運營者运敢。運營者可以收取手續(xù)費來彌補這些風險可能造成的損失。 為了解決PPLNS那種有時候收益很高忠售,有時候沒有收益的情況传惠,PPS采用了新的算法。PPS根據(jù)你的算力在礦池中的占比稻扬,并估算了礦池每天可以獲得的礦產(chǎn)卦方,給你每天基本固定的收益。
這么舉例就很好理解:假設(shè)你的算力是100M泰佳,而整個礦池的算力是10000M盼砍,那么你就占據(jù)了礦池算力的1%,然后逝她,假設(shè)礦池根據(jù)當前的難度和全球總算力浇坐,估算出礦池一天大約能夠挖到4個區(qū)塊,也就是100個比特幣黔宛,那么近刘,礦池會為你每天支付全礦池1%,也就是1個比特幣的報酬,這樣觉渴,即使礦池今天只挖到了1個區(qū)塊介劫,你也是獲得1個比特幣(礦池虧本),如果礦池超額發(fā)揮疆拘,挖到了10個區(qū)塊蜕猫,你還是只有1個比特幣的收益(礦池大賺)。
怎么樣哎迄,有沒有感覺這就是一個穩(wěn)定的工作?實際上,PPS模式的礦池為了避免虧本風險隆圆,往往會收取7%-8%的高額手續(xù)費漱挚。
Prop. - Proportional. When block is found, the reward is distributed among all workers proportionally to how much shares each of them has found.
RSMPPS - Recent Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like SMPPS, but system aims to prioritize the most recent miners first.
Score - Score based system: a proportional reward, but weighed by time submitted. Each submitted share is worth more in the function of time t since start of current round. For each share score is updated by: score += exp(t/C). This makes later shares worth much more than earlier shares, thus the miner's score quickly diminishes when they stop mining on the pool. Rewards are calculated proportionally to scores (and not to shares). (at slush's pool C=300 seconds, and every hour scores are normalized)
SMPPS - Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like Pay Per Share, but never pays more than the pool earns.
FPPS - Full Pay Per Share. Similar to PPS,but not only divide regular block reward (12.5 BTC for now) but also the transaction fee. Calculate a standard transaction fee within a certain period and distribute it to miners according to their hash power contributions in the pool. It will increase the miners' earnings by 7%-11%.
P2Pool - P2Pool的挖礦節(jié)點工作在類似比特幣區(qū)塊鏈的一種shares鏈上渺氧。由于沒有中心旨涝,所以也不會受到DoS攻擊。和其他現(xiàn)有的礦池技術(shù)都不一樣—每個節(jié)點工作的區(qū)塊侣背,都包括支付給前期shares的所有者以及該節(jié)點自己的比特幣白华。99%的獎勵(50BTC+交易費用)會平均分給礦工,另外0.5%會獎勵給生成區(qū)塊的人贩耐。
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幸運曲線
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幸運值
每個區(qū)塊的幸運值是礦池實際工作量與挖礦難度之比弧腥。如果工作量小于難度,說明運氣比較好潮太,幸運值就越高管搪。挖礦的運氣成分很大,幸運值發(fā)生波動也很常見铡买,但挖礦時間越久更鲁,總幸運值越接近 100%。
拒絕率
根據(jù)礦池的工作原理奇钞,礦池不斷給礦機下發(fā)新的計算任務(wù)澡为,礦機將計算結(jié)果提交給礦池。但是由于礦機與礦池的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接是有延遲的景埃,從礦池下發(fā)新的挖礦高度的任務(wù)給礦機媒至,到礦機接收到任務(wù),在這段時間提交的結(jié)果已經(jīng)過時纠亚,將不被礦池承認谎亩。拒絕率即無效提交與總提交結(jié)果之比。
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Stats
Pool DIstribution: Historical Distribution, Pool Distribution (calulate by blocks)
Block Size: Median daily block size, Average daily block size, Number of daily transactions, Sum of daily block size, etc.
Block Version: Version Trend, BIP109(Classic), SegWit, Bitcoin Unlimited.
Unconfirmed Transactions: Mempool Size, Distribution of Transaction Fees.
Difficulty: Next Difficulty Estimated, Date to Next Difficulty.
Transaction Fees: Tx fees per day, Tx fees % of block reward, Tx fees per KB (Tx fees/block size).
Address Rich List: Address Distribution, Balance Distribution
結(jié)算模式
為了更好地讓利于礦工脑奠,BTC礦池于2月17日推出首創(chuàng)的 FPPS結(jié)算模式蜂筹,即Full PPS(完全PPS),對包括交易費在內(nèi)的全部區(qū)塊收益進行分配。 相比傳統(tǒng)的PPS結(jié)算模式(不分配交易費)可提升 5%-9% 左右收益蛤织。
什么是幸運值赴叹?
礦池爆塊存在一定概率因素,爆塊速度時快時慢指蚜;幸運值在理論值100%上下浮動乞巧,當幸運值高時,礦池的收益會增大摊鸡,反之減小绽媒,但這只會影響選擇PPLNS的用戶。
什么是拒絕數(shù)免猾?拒絕率是辕?
拒絕數(shù)是指礦機提交的算力不符合服務(wù)器要求,被服務(wù)器拒絕的工作量猎提。拒絕率是指拒絕數(shù)占總提交數(shù)的比例获三,數(shù)值越小,礦機的工作效率就越高锨苏。
為什么礦機的算力會波動疙教?
所有礦機都存在這樣的正常現(xiàn)象伞租,礦機芯片的計算并不是一個穩(wěn)定輸出的過程贞谓,只要平均算力和日收益是穩(wěn)定的即可。除此之外肯夏,礦機算力還會因為礦機狀態(tài)经宏、工作環(huán)境、網(wǎng)絡(luò)不穩(wěn)定等因素存在波動驯击,礦場管理人員需要注意排查所有相關(guān)因素烁兰,保護收益的穩(wěn)定。
什么是爆塊/報塊徊都?
比特幣協(xié)議規(guī)定全網(wǎng)每10分鐘會產(chǎn)生1個區(qū)塊沪斟,礦工完成計算任務(wù),發(fā)現(xiàn)新的區(qū)塊后暇矫,會獲得約12.5個比特幣的獎勵主之,發(fā)現(xiàn)新區(qū)塊又被稱為爆塊或者報塊。
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