默認(rèn)網(wǎng)站

• 默認(rèn)網(wǎng)站
• 配置文件

一浑娜、默認(rèn)網(wǎng)站

每一個(gè)web服務(wù)器軟件一般默認(rèn)都會(huì)提供一個(gè)用于測(cè)試的網(wǎng)站锦庸，apache也為用戶提供了一個(gè)默認(rèn)網(wǎng)站司蔬。默認(rèn)網(wǎng)站的配置寫在默認(rèn)配置文件中。

二晶密、配置文件

[root@apache_251 conf]# cat httpd.conf

This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the

configuration directives that give the server its instructions.

See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/>; for detailed information.

In particular, see

<URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>;

for a discussion of each configuration directive.

Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding

what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure

consult the online docs. You have been warned.

Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many

of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the

server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do not begin

with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/access_log"

with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2" will be interpreted by the

server as "/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log", whereas "/logs/access_log"

will be interpreted as '/logs/access_log'.

ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's

configuration, error, and log files are kept.

Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point

ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the

Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the

same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at

least PidFile.

#apache軟件根目錄鱼喉，apache安裝路徑秀鞭。

ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache"

Mutex: Allows you to set the mutex mechanism and mutex file directory

for individual mutexes, or change the global defaults

Uncomment and change the directory if mutexes are file-based and the default

mutex file directory is not on a local disk or is not appropriate for some

other reason.

Mutex default:logs

Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or

ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>

directive.

Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to

prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.

#設(shè)置apache監(jiān)聽端口及監(jiān)聽I(yíng)P地址

Listen 12.34.56.78:80

Listen 80

Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support

To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you

have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the

directives contained in it are actually available before they are used.

Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need

to be loaded here.

# 動(dòng)態(tài)共享對(duì)象支持,使用LoadModule指令為apaceh添加功能模塊 --enable-so

Example:

LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so

# 可載入模塊，參考http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/

LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so

LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so

LoadModule mpm_worker_module modules/mod_mpm_worker.so

LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so

LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so

LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so

LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so

LoadModule authn_socache_module modules/mod_authn_socache.so

LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so

LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so

LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so

LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so

LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so

LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so

LoadModule authz_dbd_module modules/mod_authz_dbd.so

LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so

LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so

LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so

LoadModule auth_form_module modules/mod_auth_form.so

LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so

LoadModule allowmethods_module modules/mod_allowmethods.so

LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so

LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so

LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so

LoadModule cache_socache_module modules/mod_cache_socache.so

LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so

LoadModule socache_dbm_module modules/mod_socache_dbm.so

LoadModule socache_memcache_module modules/mod_socache_memcache.so

LoadModule socache_redis_module modules/mod_socache_redis.so

LoadModule watchdog_module modules/mod_watchdog.so

LoadModule macro_module modules/mod_macro.so

LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so

LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so

LoadModule buffer_module modules/mod_buffer.so

LoadModule ratelimit_module modules/mod_ratelimit.so

LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so

LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so

LoadModule request_module modules/mod_request.so

LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so

LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so

LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so

LoadModule sed_module modules/mod_sed.so

LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so

LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so

LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so

LoadModule log_debug_module modules/mod_log_debug.so

LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so

LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so

LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so

LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so

LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so

LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so

LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so

LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so

LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so

LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so

LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so

LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so

LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so

LoadModule proxy_uwsgi_module modules/mod_proxy_uwsgi.so

LoadModule proxy_fdpass_module modules/mod_proxy_fdpass.so

LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module modules/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so

LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so

LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so

LoadModule proxy_express_module modules/mod_proxy_express.so

LoadModule proxy_hcheck_module modules/mod_proxy_hcheck.so

LoadModule session_module modules/mod_session.so

LoadModule session_cookie_module modules/mod_session_cookie.so

LoadModule session_dbd_module modules/mod_session_dbd.so

LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so

LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so

LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so

LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so

LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so

LoadModule unixd_module modules/mod_unixd.so

LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so

LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so

LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so

LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so

LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so

LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so

LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so

LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so

LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so

LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so

LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so

LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

#啟用模塊 unixd_module 設(shè)置apache守護(hù)進(jìn)程httpd的管理用戶和組

#啟用模塊注意格式 <IfModule 模塊名稱_module>

#結(jié)束</IfModule>

#啟用的前提是已經(jīng)使用LoadModule指令載入了該模塊

<IfModule unixd_module>

If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run

httpd as root initially and it will switch.

User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.

It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for

running httpd, as with most system services.

#指定守護(hù)進(jìn)程httpd的管理用戶

User daemon

#指定守護(hù)進(jìn)程httpd的管理組

Group daemon

</IfModule>

'Main' server configuration

The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'

server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a

<VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for

any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.

All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,

in which case these default settings will be overridden for the

virtual host being defined.

ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be

e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such

as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com

#指定管理員email地址

ServerAdmin you@example.com

ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.

This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify

it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.

If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.

#指定服務(wù)器在DNS上注冊(cè)的名稱 FQDN

ServerName www.example.com:80

ServerName 127.0.0.1

Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must

explicitly permit access to web content directories in other

<Directory> blocks below.

#apache 目錄訪問權(quán)限

#使用<Directory /path> 指定目錄路徑

#拒絕用戶通過apache訪問你的文件系統(tǒng)/及以下的所有內(nèi)容

<Directory />

#是否允許.htaccess實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)限復(fù)寫

AllowOverride none

#設(shè)置所有人的訪問權(quán)限 denied 拒絕 granted允許

Require all denied

#設(shè)置結(jié)束用</Directory>指令結(jié)束

</Directory>

Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow

particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as

you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it

below.

DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your

documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but

symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.

#使用DocumentRoot指定WEB站點(diǎn)的根目錄

DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"

#對(duì)默認(rèn)網(wǎng)站根目錄設(shè)置訪問權(quán)限

<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs">

Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",

or any combination of:

Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews

Note that "MultiViews" must be named explicitly --- "Options All"

doesn't give it to you.

The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options

for more information.

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

#Indexes 站點(diǎn)中有index頁(yè)面優(yōu)先加載

#FollowSymLinks 在WEB站點(diǎn)根目錄允許使用鏈接文件

AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.

It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:

AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

#不許使用權(quán)限復(fù)寫

AllowOverride None

Controls who can get stuff from this server.

#允許所有人訪問網(wǎng)站根目錄

Require all granted

</Directory>

DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory

is requested.

#指定站點(diǎn)的默認(rèn)索引文件

<IfModule dir_module>

DirectoryIndex index.html

</IfModule>

The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being

viewed by Web clients.

#是否允許在目錄下使用.htaccess 和 .htpassswd文件設(shè)置客戶端對(duì)網(wǎng)站目錄訪問權(quán)限

#.htaccess 訪問控制

#.htpasswd 用戶登陸驗(yàn)證

#拒絕在目錄下使用.ht開頭的文件

<Files ".ht*">

Require all denied

</Files>

ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.

If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>

container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be

logged here. If you do define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>

container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.

#錯(cuò)誤日志

ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.

Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

alert, emerg.

#錯(cuò)誤日志記錄級(jí)別:debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,alert, emerg.

LogLevel warn

#啟用日志模塊

<IfModule log_config_module>

The following directives define some format nicknames for use with

a CustomLog directive (see below).

#定義日志格式 LogFormat "日志格式" 日志格式名稱

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i"" combined

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b" common

<IfModule logio_module>

# 在訪問日志中記錄每個(gè)請(qǐng)求的輸入輸出字節(jié) %I input %O output

You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i" %I %O" combinedio

</IfModule>

The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).

If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>

container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you do

define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be

logged therein and not in this file.

#定義訪問日志路徑及日志格式

CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information

(Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.

CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined

</IfModule>

#使用目錄映射

<IfModule alias_module>

# URL重定向

Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to

exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client

will make a new request for the document at its new location.

Example:

Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

#URL重定向 Redirect 方法 選項(xiàng)

#不同機(jī)器重定向?qū)⒃L問http://IP/abc** 的用戶 重定向訪問 http:/www.baidu.com**

**Redirect permanent /abc **http://www.baidu.com

#本機(jī)內(nèi)部URL重定向 http://IP/123http://IP/7878 注意：被重定向的目錄必須存在 比如7878必須有

Redirect permanent /123 /7878

#seeother 表示改資源被替換過

Redirect seeother /123 /7878

#gone 表示改資源被移除了

Redirect gone /123

#permanent 永久重定向 301

#temp 臨時(shí)重定向

#seeother 返回一個(gè)seeother狀態(tài)碼(303)提示這個(gè)資源被替代

#gone 返回一個(gè)gone狀態(tài)碼(410)提示這個(gè)資源被永久刪除了

Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to

access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.

Example:

Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path

If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will

require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely

need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to

the filesystem path.

#Alias 將URI中的沒用了映射到文件系統(tǒng)目錄(絕對(duì)路徑)

#比如將網(wǎng)站URL http://ip/abc 訪問的/abc目錄映射到文件系統(tǒng)/usr/local/apache/htdocs/7878

Alias /abc /usr/local/apache/htdocs/7878

#需要注意是文件系統(tǒng)路徑

ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.

ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that

documents in the target directory are treated as applications and

run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the

client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias

directives as to Alias.

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"

#腳本目錄別名

</IfModule>

#使用外部CGI守護(hù)進(jìn)程執(zhí)行CGI腳本

<IfModule cgid_module>

ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX

socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.

Scriptsock cgisock

</IfModule>

"/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased

CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.

#CGI目錄的訪問權(quán)限

<Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin">

AllowOverride None

Options None

Require all granted

</Directory>

#自定義http的請(qǐng)求頭和響應(yīng)頭

**#RequestHeader 設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭 **http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_headers.html

**#Header 設(shè)置響應(yīng)頭 **http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_headers.html

<IfModule headers_module>

Avoid passing HTTP_PROXY environment to CGI's on this or any proxied

backend servers which have lingering "httpoxy" defects.

'Proxy' request header is undefined by the IETF, not listed by IANA

RequestHeader unset Proxy early

</IfModule>

#將請(qǐng)求的文件擴(kuò)展名與文件的行為（處理程序和篩選器）和內(nèi)容（mime類型扛禽、語(yǔ)言锋边、字符集和編碼）相關(guān)聯(lián)。

#明確告訴apache 可以接受什么類型的文件

<IfModule mime_module>

TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from

filename extension to MIME-type.

TypesConfig conf/mime.types

AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration

file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.

AddType application/x-gzip .tgz

AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress

information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.

AddEncoding x-compress .Z

AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz

If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you

probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:

AddType application/x-compress .Z

AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":

actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server

or added with the Action directive (see below)

To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:

(You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)

AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

For type maps (negotiated resources):

AddHandler type-map var

Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.

To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):

(You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)

AddType text/html .shtml

AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

</IfModule>

The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the

contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile

directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.

MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

Customizable error responses come in three flavors:

1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects

Some examples:

ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."

ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html

ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"

ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html

MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before

returning the entire resource, or one of the special

values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.

Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.

MaxRanges unlimited

EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,

memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver

files. This usually improves server performance, but must

be turned off when serving from networked-mounted

filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise

broken on your system.

Defaults: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off

EnableMMAP off

EnableSendfile on

Supplemental configuration

The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be

included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of

the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as

necessary.

#Include 包含子配置文件·

Server-pool management (MPM specific)

Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

Multi-language error messages

Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf

Fancy directory listings

Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf

Language settings

Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf

User home directories

Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf

Real-time info on requests and configuration

Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf

Virtual hosts

Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual

Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf

Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)

Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf

Various default settings

Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

Configure mod_proxy_html to understand HTML4/XHTML1

#啟動(dòng)代理模塊

<IfModule proxy_html_module>

Include conf/extra/proxy-html.conf

</IfModule>

Secure (SSL/TLS) connections

Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

Note: The following must must be present to support

starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent

but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.

#啟用ssl模塊

<IfModule ssl_module>

SSLRandomSeed startup builtin

SSLRandomSeed connect builtin

</IfModule>