《中式英語之鑒》學(xué)習(xí)筆記40：由并列連詞連接的句子成分
2017-05-27 一只少女哩 英美報(bào)刊雜志
由并列連詞連接的句子成分
主要的并列連詞有"and","or"/"nor","but"（其他的——"for","so","yet"——較少使用不怎么常見），這些連詞連接在句子中起著相同語法作用的單詞或詞組丸冕。
·? ? ? ? On Mount Emei it starts snowing in lateOctober or early November, and it does not stop until April.
"late October"和"earlyNovember"以"or"連接落君，兩者都作為介詞"in"的賓語，而這一整句的兩個(gè)部分以"and"連接铣除，兩者都是獨(dú)立的分句粘勒。
·? ? ? ? Li said that China and the Netherlandsshared many common views on safeguarding world peace, promoting economicdevelopment, and enhancing cooperation and exchanges, despitedifferences in historical and cultural background and level ofdevelopment.
句中有五個(gè)"and"对蒲，第一個(gè)連接"that"引導(dǎo)的從句的兩個(gè)主語柱蟀；第二個(gè)連接介詞"on"的三個(gè)賓語川蒙；第三個(gè)連接動(dòng)名詞"enhancing"的兩個(gè)賓語；第四個(gè)連接名詞"background"的兩個(gè)修飾語长已；第五個(gè)連接介詞"in"的兩個(gè)賓語畜眨。
“平行”并不是“相同”，"give me liberty or give me death"中的兩個(gè)分句意思完全不同术瓮，但是他們的意思是平行的康聂。在句中并列成分的作用與意思都是平行時(shí)，為了邏輯連貫和意義清楚胞四，就應(yīng)該以平行的形式來表達(dá)早抠。雖說平行角度和完美的對(duì)稱性都很少能達(dá)到，也不是很有必要撬讽，但至少平行的形式意味著一對(duì)單詞或詞組一定是同樣的語法種類。
首先悬垃，單獨(dú)的詞語不能與短語或分句連接游昼，另外，如果連接的成分都是單詞尝蠕，那么必須是相同的詞性——名詞烘豌，形容詞等；如果是短語看彼，則都是同樣的類型——不定式廊佩；分詞等囚聚；若是分句，則應(yīng)是同一等級(jí)——主句或從句标锄。有三個(gè)或更多的成分連接在一起也是一樣的：全都必須是同一種類型顽铸。
錯(cuò)配成分的例子
以下例句中，A句由于并列連詞連接的成分屬于不同的語法種類料皇，所以平行錯(cuò)誤谓松。換句話說，A句有著平行的作用和平行的意思践剂，卻不是平行的形式鬼譬。而B句則使其語法關(guān)系一致，使句子變得流暢逊脯。
A: Also to be coordinated [betweenHong Kong and Guangdong] are water supply, security, and howto move people and trucks across the border more efficiently.（名詞+名詞+不定式短語）
B: Also to be coordinated are watersupply, security, and efficient movement of people and trucksacross the border.（三個(gè)名詞）
A: Whether reunification can bebrought about smoothly will be determined by two factors. One is the resultof the practice of "one country, two systems" in Hong Kong, and theother is whether we can make a breakthrough in economic development.（名詞+從句）
B: Whether reunification can bebrought about smoothly will be determined by two factors. One is how wellthe "one country, two systems" formula is applied in Hong Kong,and the other is how successful we are in developing the economy.（兩個(gè)從句）
A: Timber is needed forconstruction and to withstand floods.（介詞短語+不定式短語）
B: Timber is needed to providematerial for construction and to help withstand floods.（兩個(gè)不定式短語）
A: They [mainland educators] alsoexpect their Taiwan counterparts in education to edit textbooks to follow theprinciple of seeking truth from facts, being responsible for theyoung and for the future of the Chinese nation, and safeguard theunification of the motherland.（動(dòng)名詞+動(dòng)名詞+動(dòng)詞）
B: They also expect their Taiwancounterparts in education to edit textbooks to follow the principle of seekingtruth from facts, being responsible for the young and for the future ofthe Chinese nation, and safeguarding the unification of the motherland.（三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞）
A: Adhering to the principles of integratingMarxism-Leninism with the realities of the Chinese revolution, seekingtruth from facts, and the mass line, the Party skillfully wielded thetwo weapons — the United Front and armed struggle.（動(dòng)名詞+動(dòng)名詞+名詞）
B: Adhering to the principles of integrating Marxism-Leninism withthe realities of the Chinese revolution, seeking truth from facts, and followingthe mass line, the Party skillfully wielded the two weapons — the United Frontand armed struggle.（三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞）
上述例句都是將成分形式改變進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一优质，這是更正這類句子最常見的方法，但是有時(shí)改變形式也不能使句子流暢通順军洼，那可能是由于這些成分邏輯上其實(shí)并不平行巩螃，那么就不要強(qiáng)行用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，而是換成另一種結(jié)構(gòu)歉眷。
關(guān)于名詞和動(dòng)名詞混合的注意事項(xiàng)
最后一個(gè)例子中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞和一個(gè)名詞牺六，改變第三個(gè)為動(dòng)名詞僅僅因?yàn)樽x者需要而已，如果不這樣改變汗捡，會(huì)容易使讀者認(rèn)為黨從事實(shí)和群眾路線中尋找真相淑际。
但是由于動(dòng)名詞和名詞如此緊密地聯(lián)系在一起，有時(shí)候也能不產(chǎn)生歧義或明顯的錯(cuò)誤搭配扇住，可以一起使用春缕，例如下述例句，盡管是名詞+動(dòng)名詞+名詞艘蹋，讀者也不會(huì)感到有什么矛盾：
·? ? ? ? Local financial and economic departmentsthroughout the country were demanding that the regulation, planningand administration of many matters be centralized as well.
這意味著當(dāng)名詞和動(dòng)名詞混合的組合或許可行锄贼，也或許不可行，需要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況判斷女阀。
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