官方提供3種方式部署Kubernetes
- minikube
Minikube是一個工具讹剔,可以在本地快速運行一個單點的Kubernetes肋联,嘗試Kubernetes或日常開發(fā)的用戶使用瑟啃。不能用于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境先蒋。
官方文檔:https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/
- kubeadm
kubeadm可幫助你快速部署一套kubernetes集群。kubeadm設(shè)計目的為新用戶開始嘗試kubernetes提供一種簡單的方法辩撑。目前是Beta版界斜。
官方文檔:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/install-kubeadm/
- 二進制包
從官方下載發(fā)行版的二進制包,手動部署每個組件合冀,組成Kubernetes集群各薇。目前企業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中主要使用該方式。
下載地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.11.md#v1113
1. 安裝要求
操作系統(tǒng)
Ubuntu 16.04+君躺,Debian 9峭判,CentOS 7,RHEL 7晰洒,F(xiàn)edora 25/26 (best-effort)內(nèi)存2GB + 朝抖,2核CPU +
集群節(jié)點之間可以通信
-
每個節(jié)點唯一主機名,MAC地址和product_uuid
檢查MAC地址:使用ip link或者ifconfig -a
檢查product_uuid:cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid
禁止swap分區(qū)谍珊。這樣才能使kubelet正常工作
2. 準備環(huán)境
關(guān)閉防火墻:
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
關(guān)閉selinux:
# sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# setenforce 0
關(guān)閉swap:
# swapoff -a # 臨時
# vim /etc/fstab # 永久
添加主機名與IP對應(yīng)關(guān)系:
# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.0.11 k8s-master
192.168.0.12 k8s-node1
192.168.0.13 k8s-node2
同步時間:
# yum install ntpdate -y
# ntpdate ntp.api.bz
3. 安裝Docker
Docker與Kubernetes關(guān)系圖:
# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum install docker-ce-17.03.3.ce -y #目前kubeadm最大支持docker-ce-17.03治宣,所以要指定該版本安裝
# systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
如果提示container-selinux依賴問題急侥,先安裝ce-17.03匹配版本:
# yum localinstall https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-selinux-17.03.3.ce-1.el7.noarch.rpm
4. 安裝kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
kubeadm: 引導(dǎo)集群的命令
kubelet:集群中運行任務(wù)的代理程序
kubectl:命令行管理工具
4.1 添加阿里云YUM軟件源
# cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
4.2 安裝kubeadm侮邀,kubelet和kubectl
# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
注意:使用Docker時坏怪,kubeadm會自動檢查kubelet的cgroup驅(qū)動程序,并/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env在運行時將其設(shè)置在文件中绊茧。如果使用的其他CRI铝宵,則必須在/etc/default/kubelet中cgroup-driver值修改為cgroupfs:
# cat /var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --network-plugin=cni
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl restart kubelet
5. 使用kubeadm創(chuàng)建單個Master集群
5.1 默認下載鏡像地址在國外無法訪問,先從準備好所需鏡像
保存到腳本之間運行:
K8S_VERSION=v1.11.2
ETCD_VERSION=3.2.18
DASHBOARD_VERSION=v1.8.3
FLANNEL_VERSION=v0.10.0-amd64
DNS_VERSION=1.1.3
PAUSE_VERSION=3.1
# 基本組件
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64:$ETCD_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:$DNS_VERSION
# 網(wǎng)絡(luò)組件
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:$FLANNEL_VERSION
# 修改tag
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:$K8S_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$K8S_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:$K8S_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64:$K8S_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64:$ETCD_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:$ETCD_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:$DNS_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/coredns:$DNS_VERSION
5.2 初始化Master
# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.11.2 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.11
...
Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run (as a regular user):
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the addon options listed at:
http://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/addons/
You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:
kubeadm join --token <token> <master-ip>:<master-port> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
5.3 安裝Pod網(wǎng)絡(luò) - 插件
# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/v0.10.0/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
5.4 加入工作節(jié)點
在Node節(jié)點切換到root賬號執(zhí)行:
# kubeadm join 192.168.0.11:6443 --token 6hk68y.0rdz1wdjyh85ntkr --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d1d3f59ae37fbd632707cbeb9b095d0d0b19af535078091993c4bc4d9d2a7782
6. kubernetes dashboard
先將yaml文件下載下來华畏,修改里面鏡像地址和Service NodePort類型鹏秋。
# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
修改鏡像地址:
# registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
修改Service:
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
創(chuàng)建一個管理員角色:
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
# kubectl apply -f k8s-admin.yaml
使用上述創(chuàng)建賬號的token登錄Kubernetes Dashboard:
# kubectl get secret -n kube-system
# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-bwdjj -n kube-system
...
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.0hQU5Di_P1OX1DcnW2AYzjDAED66EOrqhF5iupv39wvB8wE-aLRSQyp0twX2M8u1KMZ67n6LxbH17VwEQkMDRVXs7ZlUCyAAD6kHDz3k-f7PAzH5vcuyO4veQ9ooVjk3DKjrP4zXQChHllBB1wmD_oyLjoWxK3Z5MBTlVGzSixVwuQNpFPbuS6Z7iLGwUOgjI0cGZ9Tt6cXzcK81KfAEpDIP_CtFV_Jw4s98EgBex9mZh6vq1dcxr03qfuK--udd_8GWZctu_p_P15hZZLoKEm5GCbs6JGvKL2aao_DEHfLp3XYEnApojI91vU4qAqdkvMZ2qWQNGYv4KNi2yPOOJQ