項(xiàng)目基本信息
目標(biāo)：獲取上交所和深交所所有股票的名稱和交易信息
輸出：保存到文件中

候選數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)站的選擇：
新浪股票：http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/
百度股票：https://gupiao.baidu.com/stock/

選取原則：股票信息靜態(tài)存在 HTML 頁面中坪仇，非 js 代碼生成沒有 Robots 協(xié)議限制
選取方法：瀏覽器 F12喻粹，源代碼查看等
選取心態(tài)：不要糾結(jié)于某個(gè)網(wǎng)站萧吠，多找信息源嘗試

數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)站的確定
獲取股票列表
東方財(cái)富網(wǎng)：http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html

獲取個(gè)股信息
百度股票：https://gupiao.baiducom/stock/
單個(gè)股票：https://gupiao.baiducom/stock/sz002439.html

程序的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
步驟1：從東方財(cái)富網(wǎng)獲取股票列表
步驟2：根據(jù)股票列表逐個(gè)到百度股票獲取個(gè)股信息
步驟3：將結(jié)果存儲(chǔ)到文件

網(wǎng)頁結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
a) 個(gè)股信息采用鍵值對(duì)維護(hù)

b) 東方財(cái)富網(wǎng)：http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html

實(shí)例編寫

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import traceback
import re

def getHTMLText(url):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        return ""

def getStockList(lst, stockURL):
    html = getHTMLText(stockURL)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser') 
    a = soup.find_all('a')
    for i in a:
        try:
            href = i.attrs['href']
            lst.append(re.findall(r"[s][hz]\d{6}", href)[0])
        except:
            continue

def getStockInfo(lst, stockURL, fpath):
    for stock in lst:
        url = stockURL + stock + ".html"
        html = getHTMLText(url)
        try:
            if html=="":
                continue
            infoDict = {}
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
            stockInfo = soup.find('div',attrs={'class':'stock-bets'})

            name = stockInfo.find_all(attrs={'class':'bets-name'})[0]
            infoDict.update({'股票名稱': name.text.split()[0]})
            
            keyList = stockInfo.find_all('dt')
            valueList = stockInfo.find_all('dd')
            for i in range(len(keyList)):
                key = keyList[i].text
                val = valueList[i].text
                infoDict[key] = val
            
            with open(fpath, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write( str(infoDict) + '\n' )
        except:
            traceback.print_exc()
            continue

def main():
    stock_list_url = 'http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html'
    stock_info_url = 'https://gupiao.baidu.com/stock/'
    output_file = 'D:/BaiduStockInfo.txt'
    slist=[]
    getStockList(slist, stock_list_url)
    getStockInfo(slist, stock_info_url, output_file)

main()

實(shí)例優(yōu)化

如何提高用戶體驗(yàn)?

• 速度提高：編碼識(shí)別的優(yōu)化

r.apparent_encoding 需要分析文本店展，運(yùn)行較慢荷鼠，可輔助人工分析

• 體驗(yàn)提高：增加動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)度顯示

優(yōu)化后的代碼：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import traceback
import re

def getHTMLText(url, code="utf-8"):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = code
        return r.text
    except:
        return ""

def getStockList(lst, stockURL):
    html = getHTMLText(stockURL, "GB2312")
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser') 
    a = soup.find_all('a')
    for i in a:
        try:
            href = i.attrs['href']
            lst.append(re.findall(r"[s][hz]\d{6}", href)[0])
        except:
            continue

def getStockInfo(lst, stockURL, fpath):
    count = 0
    for stock in lst:
        url = stockURL + stock + ".html"
        html = getHTMLText(url)
        try:
            if html=="":
                continue
            infoDict = {}
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
            stockInfo = soup.find('div',attrs={'class':'stock-bets'})

            name = stockInfo.find_all(attrs={'class':'bets-name'})[0]
            infoDict.update({'股票名稱': name.text.split()[0]})
            
            keyList = stockInfo.find_all('dt')
            valueList = stockInfo.find_all('dd')
            for i in range(len(keyList)):
                key = keyList[i].text
                val = valueList[i].text
                infoDict[key] = val
            
            with open(fpath, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write( str(infoDict) + '\n' )
                count = count + 1
                print("\r當(dāng)前進(jìn)度: {:.2f}%".format(count*100/len(lst)),end="")
        except:
            count = count + 1
            print("\r當(dāng)前進(jìn)度: {:.2f}%".format(count*100/len(lst)),end="")
            continue

def main():
    stock_list_url = 'http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html'
    stock_info_url = 'https://gupiao.baidu.com/stock/'
    output_file = 'D:/BaiduStockInfo.txt'
    slist=[]
    getStockList(slist, stock_list_url)
    getStockInfo(slist, stock_info_url, output_file)

main()