So a few years ago,I did something really brave,or some would say really stupid.I ran for Congress.

For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politicsas a fundraiser, as an organizer,but in my heart, I always wanted to run.The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992.She had never lost a race,and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary.But in my mind, this was my wayto make a difference,to disrupt the status quo.The polls, however, told a very different story.My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run,that there was no way that I could win.

But I ran anyway,and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race.I swore I was going to win.I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News,the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day,and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country.I raised money from everyone I knew,including Indian auntiesthat were just so happy an Indian girl was running.But on election day, the polls were right,and I only got 19 percent of the vote,and the same papers that said I was a rising political starnow said I wasted 1.3 million dollarson 6,321 votes.Don't do the math.It was humiliating.

Now, before you get the wrong idea,this is not a talk about the importance of failure.Nor is it about leaning in.I tell you the story of how I ran for Congressbecause I was 33 years oldand it was the first time in my entire lifethat I had done something that was truly brave,where I didn't worry about being perfect.

And I'm not alone:so many women I talk to tell methat they gravitate towards careers and professionsthat they know they're going to be great in,that they know they're going to be perfect in,and it's no wonder why.Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure.We're taught to smile pretty,play it safe, get all A's.Boys, on the other hand,are taught to play rough, swing high,crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst.And by the time they're adults,whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date,they're habituated to take risk after risk.They're rewarded for it.It's often said in Silicon Valley,no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups.In other words,we're raising our girls to be perfect,and we're raising our boys to be brave.

Some people worry about our federal deficit,but I, I worry about our bravery deficit.Our economy, our society, we're just losing outbecause we're not raising our girls to be brave.The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM,in C-suites, in boardrooms, in Congress,and pretty much everywhere you look.

In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dwecklooked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignmentthat was too difficult for them.She found that bright girls were quick to give up.The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up.Bright boys, on the other hand,found the difficult material to be a challenge.They found it energizing.They were more likely to redouble their efforts.

What's going on?Well, at the fifth grade level,girls routinely outperform boys in every subject,including math and science,so it's not a question of ability.The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge.And it doesn't just end in fifth grade.An HP report found that men will apply for a jobif they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications,but women, women will applyonly if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications.100 percent.This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well,women need a little more confidence.But I think it's evidencethat women have been socialized to aspire to perfection,and they're overly cautious.

(Applause)

And even when we're ambitious,even when we're leaning in,that socialization of perfectionhas caused us to take less risks in our careers.And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right nowin computing and tech,women are being left behind,and it means our economy is being left behindon all the innovation and problems women would solveif they were socialized to be braveinstead of socialized to be perfect.

(Applause)

So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code,and what I found is that by teaching them to codeI had socialized them to be brave.Coding, it's an endless process of trial and error,of trying to get the right command in the right place,with sometimes just a semicolonmaking the difference between success and failure.Code breaks and then it falls apart,and it often takes many, many triesuntil that magical momentwhen what you're trying to build comes to life.It requires perseverance.It requires imperfection.

We immediately see in our programour girls' fear of not getting it right,of not being perfect.Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story.During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code,a student will call her over and she'll say,"I don't know what code to write."The teacher will look at her screen,and she'll see a blank text editor.If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her studentspent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen.But if she presses undo a few times,she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it.She tried, she came close,but she didn't get it exactly right.Instead of showing the progress that she made,she'd rather show nothing at all.Perfection or bust.

It turns out that our girls are really good at coding,but it's not enough just to teach them to code.

My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbiaand teaches intro to Javatells me about his office hours with computer science students.When the guys are struggling with an assignment,they'll come in and they'll say,"Professor, there's something wrong with my code."The girls will come in and say,"Professor, there's something wrong with me."

We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection,but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhoodthat lets girls know that they are not alone.Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system.I can't tell you how many women tell me,"I'm afraid to raise my hand,I'm afraid to ask a question,because I don't want to be the only onewho doesn't understand,the only one who is struggling.When we teach girls to be braveand we have a supportive network cheering them on,they will build incredible things,and I see this every day.Take, for instance, two of our high school studentswho built a game called Tampon Run --yes, Tampon Run --to fight against the menstruation tabooand sexism in gaming.Or the Syrian refugeewho dared show her love for her new countryby building an app to help Americans get to the polls.Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithmto help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignantin the off chance that she can save her daddy's lifebecause he has cancer.These are just three examples of thousands,thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect,who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance.And whether they become codersor the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé,they will not defer their dreams.

And those dreams have never been more important for our country.For the American economy, for any economy to grow,to truly innovate,we cannot leave behind half our population.We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection,and we've got to do it now.We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I didwhen I was 33 years old.We have to teach them to be brave in schoolsand early in their careers,when it has the most potential to impact their livesand the lives of others,and we have to show them that they will be loved and acceptednot for being perfectbut for being courageous.And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know --your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague --to be comfortable with imperfection,because when we teach girls to be imperfect,and we help them leverage it,we will build a movement of young women who are braveand who will build a better world for themselvesand for each and every one of us.

Thank you.

(Applause)Thank you.

Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you.It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision.Tell me how it's going.How many girls are involved now in your program?

Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls.This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50 states.

(Applause)

And that number is really powerful,because last year we only graduated 7,500 women in computer science.Like, the problem is so badthat we can make that type of change quickly.

CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even,who are welcoming graduates from your program?

RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners,from Twitter to Facebookto Adobe to IBM to Microsoft to Pixar to Disney,I mean, every single company out there.And if you're not signed up, I'm going to find you,because we need every single tech companyto embed a Girls Who Code classroom in their office.

CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companiesthat when you mix in more gender balancein the engineering teams, good things happen.

RS: Great things happen.I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the factthat right now 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women.Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men.We own the Internet,and we should be building the companies of tomorrow.And I think when companies have diverse teams,and they have incredible women that are part of their engineering teams,they build awesome things, and we see it every day.

CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work.This whole community is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you.

RS: Thank you.

幾年前，我做了一些非常勇敢的事蛤吓，或許有些人會(huì)說很愚蠢的事爹殊。我參選國會(huì)議員拘悦。

很多年來星著，我安全地存在于政治活動(dòng)背后跋炕。作為資金籌集人久橙，作為組織者甘有，但我的內(nèi)心廊散，我一直希望參選。我所在選區(qū)的國會(huì)議員女士從1992年起擔(dān)任這個(gè)職務(wù)梧疲。她從未輸過一場(chǎng)選戰(zhàn)允睹，沒有人真正認(rèn)真地在民主選舉中與她競(jìng)爭(zhēng)运准。但在我心中，這就是我創(chuàng)造不同的方式缭受，改變現(xiàn)狀胁澳。民意調(diào)查，然而米者，顯示出完全不同的故事韭畸。我的民調(diào)專家告訴我我要參選簡(jiǎn)直瘋了，我不可能會(huì)贏蔓搞。

但我還是參選了胰丁，在2012年，我成了崛起的新秀參選紐約市國會(huì)競(jìng)選喂分。我發(fā)誓我會(huì)贏锦庸。我得到了《紐約每日新聞》的認(rèn)可，《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》刊登了我在選舉日的照片蒲祈，美國全國廣播公司財(cái)經(jīng)頻道稱之為全國范圍內(nèi)最熱的選戰(zhàn)甘萧。我從我認(rèn)識(shí)的每個(gè)人那里籌錢，包括印度阿姨們她們很高興一個(gè)印度女生參選梆掸。但選舉日扬卷，民調(diào)是對(duì)的，我只拿到了19%的選票酸钦，那張?jiān)Q我為新興政治明星的報(bào)紙現(xiàn)在卻說我浪費(fèi)了130萬美金在6321張選票上怪得。不要算數(shù)字。太丟臉了卑硫。

現(xiàn)在汇恤，在你們得到錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)前，這不是一個(gè)講述失敗有多重要的演說拔恰。也不是說女孩要向前一步。我講述的故事是我如何參選國會(huì)議員的基括，因?yàn)槲抑挥?3歲颜懊，這是我人生中第一次做出真正勇敢的事，沒有擔(dān)心完美风皿。

我不是一個(gè)人：太多女士曾告訴我她們多么被職業(yè)和專業(yè)吸引河爹，她們知道她們會(huì)做得很好，她們知道她們會(huì)非常完美桐款，不足為奇咸这。絕大多數(shù)的女孩被教育來規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和失敗。我們被教育要有漂亮的微笑魔眨，不要冒險(xiǎn)媳维，課程拿全A酿雪。男孩們，另一方面來說侄刽，被教育成要更加勇猛指黎，沖擊更高的目標(biāo)，爬上單杠最高的那層然后往下跳州丹。當(dāng)他們成長為大人醋安，無論他們是在談判加薪或是約某人出去玩，他們習(xí)慣于接受一個(gè)一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)墓毒。他們也為此得到回報(bào)獎(jiǎng)賞吓揪。在矽谷有這樣的說法，沒人把你當(dāng)回事所计，除非你創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗兩次以上柠辞。另一句話說，我們教育培養(yǎng)女孩子們追求完美醉箕，我們教育培養(yǎng)男孩子們要勇敢钾腺。

有些人擔(dān)心我們的聯(lián)邦赤字，但是讥裤，我擔(dān)心我們的勇氣赤字放棒。我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們的社會(huì)己英，?我們?cè)谠馐軗p失间螟，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有教育女孩子們要勇敢。勇氣赤字就是為什么女性?在科學(xué)技術(shù)工程數(shù)學(xué)（STEM）領(lǐng)域损肛，在企業(yè)高管層厢破，在董事會(huì)，在國會(huì)治拿，在你所看到的任何地方都未被充分代表摩泪。

在1980年代，心理學(xué)家Carol Dweck觀察研究了五年級(jí)學(xué)生?如何處理一項(xiàng)對(duì)他們來說太困難的作業(yè)劫谅。她發(fā)現(xiàn)见坑，聰明的女孩們很快就放棄了。智商越高的女孩捏检，放棄的可能性越大荞驴。男孩們，將困難的材料視為一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)贯城。他們?yōu)榇司Τ渑嫘苈ァＫ麄兏鼉A向于雙倍努力。

發(fā)生了什么能犯？嗯鲫骗，在五年級(jí)犬耻，女孩總的來說比男孩在各個(gè)科目的表現(xiàn)都要好，包括數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)挎峦，所以這不是能力的問題香追。不同點(diǎn)在于男孩和女孩如何看待挑戰(zhàn)。這不止于五年級(jí)坦胶。一份惠普?qǐng)?bào)告指出男性會(huì)遞出工作申請(qǐng)透典，如果他們只達(dá)到60%的招聘要求，而女性顿苇，女性只有在100%達(dá)到招聘要求的時(shí)候才會(huì)遞出申請(qǐng)峭咒。百分之百。這份研究通常會(huì)被作為?證據(jù)來說纪岁，嗯凑队，女性需要更多的自信。但我認(rèn)為這是證據(jù)說明女性長期被賦予?追逐完美幔翰，她們太過謹(jǐn)慎了漩氨。（鼓掌）

即使是當(dāng)我們雄心勃勃，即使我們向前一步遗增，社會(huì)對(duì)完美的要求讓我們?cè)诼殬I(yè)發(fā)展中選擇冒更小的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)〗芯現(xiàn)在，在計(jì)算機(jī)和科技領(lǐng)域做修，有六十萬個(gè)開放申請(qǐng)的工作職位霍狰，女性被拋在了后面，這也意味著我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)?被遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)拋在了后面女性可以解決的創(chuàng)新和難題如果女性被教育要勇敢而不是完美饰及。（鼓掌）

在2012年蔗坯，我創(chuàng)辦了一家公司教女孩如何編程，我發(fā)現(xiàn)燎含，通過教她們?nèi)绾尉幊涛伊钏齻兏佑赂冶霰簟＞幊蹋且粋€(gè)無止盡的過程屏箍、實(shí)驗(yàn)和錯(cuò)誤绘梦，試著將對(duì)的指令放在合適的地方，有時(shí)只是一個(gè)分號(hào)就能決定成功還是失敗铣除。編碼出錯(cuò)了隨后七零八落，時(shí)常需要很多很多次試驗(yàn)直到那個(gè)神奇的時(shí)刻你想要搭建的程序完成了鹦付。它需要持之以恒的努力尚粘。需要接受不完美。

我們立即發(fā)現(xiàn)在項(xiàng)目里女孩們害怕出錯(cuò)敲长，害怕不完美郎嫁。每個(gè)女孩的指導(dǎo)老師都和我說一樣的故事秉继。在第一周，當(dāng)女孩們?cè)囍鴮W(xué)習(xí)如何編程泽铛，一個(gè)學(xué)生叫她過去尚辑，她說到，“我不知道要寫那個(gè)編碼盔腔「懿纾”當(dāng)老師看她的屏幕，會(huì)看到一個(gè)完全空白的界面弛随。如果她不知道原因的話瓢喉，她也許會(huì)想她的學(xué)生在過去的20分鐘里只是盯著屏幕發(fā)呆。但如果她點(diǎn)擊幾下撤銷鍵舀透，他就會(huì)看到她的學(xué)生寫了代碼隨后又刪掉了它們栓票。她嘗試了，她接近目標(biāo)了愕够，但是她沒有完全答對(duì)走贪。比起展現(xiàn)她經(jīng)歷的過程，她寧可什么都不展現(xiàn)惑芭。要么完美要么什么也沒有坠狡。

結(jié)果顯示女孩們非常善于編程，但教給她們?nèi)绾螌懘a完全不夠的强衡。

我的朋友Lev Brie擦秽，?是哥倫比亞大學(xué)的教授。他教授Java編程他告訴我他對(duì)電腦科學(xué)學(xué)生開放的?咨詢時(shí)間里發(fā)生的故事漩勤。當(dāng)男生們艱難應(yīng)對(duì)一個(gè)作業(yè)的時(shí)候感挥，他們會(huì)過來然后說，“教授越败，我編的程序出了點(diǎn)問題触幼。”女生們會(huì)過來然后說究飞，“教授置谦，我出了點(diǎn)問題∫诟担”

我們必須要撤銷?對(duì)女性社會(huì)化的完美主義媒峡，我們必須要將這和建立女性支持系統(tǒng)一起讓女孩們知道她們并不孤單。因?yàn)樵倥Φ貒L試也無法修補(bǔ)一個(gè)破裂的系統(tǒng)葵擎。太多的女性朋友告訴我谅阿，“我害怕舉手發(fā)言，我害怕問問題，因?yàn)槲也幌胱瞿莻€(gè)那個(gè)唯一不懂的人签餐，那個(gè)唯一掙扎的人寓涨。當(dāng)我們教女孩們要勇敢我們要有支持她們的系統(tǒng)?來鼓勵(lì)她們，她們會(huì)有偉大的成就氯檐，我每天都看到這些事戒良。舉個(gè)例子，?兩個(gè)高中學(xué)生制作了一個(gè)游戲叫做?衛(wèi)生棉逃亡--?（譯者注：和游戲”神廟逃亡“諧音）對(duì)冠摄，衛(wèi)生棉逃亡--來反對(duì)游戲中的月經(jīng)標(biāo)記和對(duì)女性的歧視糯崎。或是敘利亞難民她展示了對(duì)新國家的愛制作了一款應(yīng)用程序?讓美國人輕松了解民調(diào)耗拓∧绰或是一個(gè)16歲的女孩?她建立了一套運(yùn)算系統(tǒng)來幫助測(cè)算癌癥是?良性的還是惡性的，抱著一絲希望能救她患癌癥的父親乔询。這只是成千上萬個(gè)例子中的三個(gè)樟插，成千上萬個(gè)女孩?被社會(huì)化為不完美的，她們學(xué)習(xí)如何不斷嘗試竿刁，學(xué)著如何持之以恒黄锤。無論她們未來會(huì)成為程序員或是下一個(gè)希拉里·克林頓?或是碧昂斯，她們不會(huì)推遲自己的夢(mèng)想食拜。

這些夢(mèng)想對(duì)我們國家來說?是多么重要鸵熟。對(duì)美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)，對(duì)任何成長中的經(jīng)濟(jì)负甸，對(duì)真正的創(chuàng)新開發(fā)流强，我們不能丟下半數(shù)的人口。我們需要社會(huì)化地教女孩們?適應(yīng)習(xí)慣不完美呻待，我們現(xiàn)在開始就要這樣做打月。我們不能等到她們?自己去學(xué)習(xí)如何勇敢就像我33歲時(shí)那樣。我們要教她們勇敢?在學(xué)校在職業(yè)起步的時(shí)期蚕捉，在能夠影響她們的人生以及其他人的人生重要的時(shí)期奏篙，要讓她們知道?她們會(huì)被愛被接受不是因?yàn)橥昝蓝且驗(yàn)槌錆M勇氣。我需要你們每個(gè)人?告訴你認(rèn)識(shí)的每個(gè)年輕女士?--你的姐妹迫淹，你的侄女秘通，你的雇員，你的同事?--習(xí)慣接受不完美敛熬，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們告訴女孩?不必完美的時(shí)候肺稀，我們幫助她們平衡這樣的關(guān)系，我們會(huì)有更多勇敢的年輕女士应民，這些女士為她們自己和我們每個(gè)人建立更好的世界话原。

謝謝炸茧。

（鼓掌）謝謝。

克里斯·安德森：Reshma稿静，謝謝你。這是非常強(qiáng)大的憧憬辕狰。?你很有眼光「谋福現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的怎么樣了。現(xiàn)在有多少女孩?加入了你的項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)蔓倍？

Reshma Saujani：是的悬钳。?在2012年，有20個(gè)女孩參與偶翅。今年默勾，我們有4萬名女孩?來自美國50個(gè)州。（鼓掌）這個(gè)數(shù)字真的很厲害聚谁，因?yàn)槿ツ晡覀冎挥?500名女性?拿到電腦科學(xué)的學(xué)位母剥。問題很嚴(yán)重所以我們才能快速做出改變。

CA：你和現(xiàn)在會(huì)場(chǎng)里一些公司合作形导。它們歡迎你結(jié)業(yè)于你的項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生嗎环疼？

RS：是的，我們有?大概80個(gè)合作公司朵耕，從推特到臉書還有Adobe炫隶，IBM，微軟?皮克斯阎曹，還有迪斯尼伪阶，我是說，每一家公司处嫌。如果你還沒和我們簽合作栅贴，?我會(huì)去找你，因?yàn)槲覀冃枰總€(gè)科技公司都有能夠編程的女孩?在他們的辦公室工作锰霜。

CA：你有一些故事?來自于那些公司當(dāng)公司性別更平等的時(shí)候在工程隊(duì)筹误，有好事情發(fā)生。

RS：太棒的事情了癣缅。我是說厨剪，對(duì)我來說這樣的事實(shí)?簡(jiǎn)直令人發(fā)瘋85%的消費(fèi)行為來自于女性。女性使用社交媒體的比率?是男性的六倍友存。我們擁有網(wǎng)絡(luò)祷膳，我們未來會(huì)創(chuàng)建公司。我想屡立，當(dāng)公司的團(tuán)隊(duì)?更加多元化直晨，他們的工程隊(duì)有卓越的女性，他們會(huì)建造美好的建筑，?我們每天都看到這些勇皇。

CA：Reshma罩句，你看到了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾的反應(yīng)。?你在做卓越又重要的工作敛摘。整個(gè)群體都在為你歡呼打氣门烂。?希望你更加成功。謝謝兄淫。

RS：謝謝屯远。（鼓掌）