Day1
Chapter5
From then on, in response to changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements, the government started to take responsibility for education.
第一段最后一句話
從那時起炸茧，作為對工業(yè)革命和社會以及政治運(yùn)動所帶來的改變的應(yīng)對，政府開始承擔(dān)教育的責(zé)任排嫌。
- 句子很復(fù)雜芯勘，拆開理解
in response to changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements,這句
- in response to (changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements)
括號里的都是in response to 的賓語
in response to 對...的回應(yīng)，響應(yīng) - changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements
這邊分成三部分：
changes :改變
brought about ：引起
by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements
-- the Industrial Revolution：工業(yè)革命
social and political movements：社會的和政治的運(yùn)動 - the government started to take responsibility for education
主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：
the government
started to
take responsibility for education：承擔(dān)教育的責(zé)任
In the 1960s, comprehensive schools were introduced, which ended the division between grammar schools, where the most academically capable pupils were sent to prepare for university, and vocational schools, where the less successful pupils were sent to learn a trade.
第二段第二句
在二十世紀(jì)60年代装蓬，綜合學(xué)校被提出來了著拭，它終結(jié)了文法學(xué)校，大多數(shù)學(xué)術(shù)能力很強(qiáng)的學(xué)生被送去為考大學(xué)準(zhǔn)備牍帚。還有職業(yè)學(xué)校儡遮，不太成功的學(xué)生被送去學(xué)貿(mào)易。
- 從句太多暗赶，看第一遍不知道自己在看什么
①In the 1960s, comprehensive schools were introduced, ②which ended the division between grammar schools, ③where the most academically capable pupils were sent to prepare for university, ④and vocational schools, where the less successful pupils were sent to learn a trade.
- ①In the 1960s, comprehensive schools were introduced, ②which ended the division between grammar schools and vocational schools.
綜合學(xué)校被提出來鄙币，終結(jié)了文法學(xué)校和職業(yè)學(xué)校。 - comprehensive schools were introduced
introduce 提出蹂随，這句話是被動語態(tài)爱榔，因為提出者我們不是很關(guān)心，基本上是英國議會這些人糙及，這個信息在這里不重要详幽。我們關(guān)心的是這個綜合學(xué)校被提出來了，然后影響了文法學(xué)校和職業(yè)學(xué)校。被動語態(tài)的目的就是這個唇聘，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受對象版姑，忽略動作的發(fā)出者。 - ②which ended the division between grammar schools,
從句迟郎，應(yīng)該是賓語從句剥险，which指代comprehensive schools were introduced,
這邊要注意這個between，division不認(rèn)識先不管它宪肖。between是在兩者之間的意思表制，說明除了grammar school還有別的東西，繼續(xù)往后面看控乾，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個vocational school么介。 - ③where the most academically capable pupils were sent to prepare for university,
這個應(yīng)該也是賓語從句，where指代前面的grammar school蜕衡，where在這個句子里面是sent 的賓語壤短，恢復(fù)了是：
the most academically capable pupils were sent to grammar schools to prepare for university.
第④句和③的情況一樣。
When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national examination, the General Certificate of Secondary Education(GCSE), which certifies that they have achieved the standard expected after 11 years of compulsory education.
55頁第一句
當(dāng)學(xué)生們上學(xué)到16歲慨仿，他們需要參加全國性的考試久脯，GCSE，這個考試認(rèn)證他們是否達(dá)到11年的綜合教育期望的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)镰吆。
- 這句話沒有那么復(fù)雜帘撰，主要是這個GCSE太長了，但作者想說明的就是這個GCSE
①When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national examination GCSE, ②which certifies that they have achieved the standard expected after 11 years of compulsory education.
現(xiàn)在這就是一個主從句万皿，①是主句摧找，②是從句，解釋這個GCSE相寇，which指代GCSE
Oxford and Cambridge dated from the 12th and 13th centuries, while the Scottish universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen were found in the 15th and 16th centuries.
55頁第3段第二句
牛津和劍橋始于12,13世紀(jì)慰于，而蘇格蘭的圣安德魯斯钮科，格拉斯哥唤衫，愛丁堡和阿伯丁大學(xué)成立于15,16世紀(jì)。
- while
這while是個連詞(conjunction)绵脯，我覺得應(yīng)該是下面第三個解釋
GRAMMAR 語法
In a clause beginning with while that refers to the future, use the
present tense, not ‘will’.在while引導(dǎo)的表示將來的從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時佳励，不用willI will enjoy my fame while it lasts (NOT 不說 while it will last).
我要趁聲名尚在時好好享受。
3
used to emphasize the difference between two situations, activities
etc 卻蛆挫；但是赃承；而〔用于強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況、活動等之間的差別〕Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the
south are relatively poor.北方的學(xué)校設(shè)施往往要好一些悴侵，而南方的學(xué)校則相對差一些瞧剖。
4
in spite of the fact that 雖然，盡管
While never a big eater, he did snack a lot.
他雖然胃口從來都不大，但零食確實是吃得很多抓于。
While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was
guilty.雖然沒有確鑿的證據(jù)做粤，大多數(shù)人還是認(rèn)為他有罪。
5
while I’m/you’re etc at/about it
used to suggest that someone should do something at the same time that
they do something else spoken 在做某事的同時〔做另一件事〕 【口】Print out what you’ve written, and while you’re at it make a copy for
me.把你寫的東西打印出來捉撮，同時給我也印一份怕品。
- date 始于
- St. 是Saint的縮寫，用于人名巾遭、地名等肉康，表示圣人、圣徒知乎回答
