2019-01-03
環(huán)境
今日導(dǎo)讀
東京當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間 12 月 26 日同波，日本政府宣布退出國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)鳄梅，并計(jì)劃今年 7 月重新開始商業(yè)捕鯨。日本二戰(zhàn)之后少有退出國(guó)際條約的舉動(dòng)未檩，因此這次“退群”引發(fā)了國(guó)際社會(huì)的一片嘩然戴尸。日本為什么要宣布退出國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)？國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)這一舉動(dòng)持什么樣的態(tài)度和反應(yīng)冤狡？讓我們跟著雪梨老師一起走進(jìn)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的這篇新聞孙蒙。
帶著問題聽講解
Q1: 用英文如何表達(dá)“強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)”项棠？
Q2: 如何理解“多邊主義”？
Q3: 你對(duì)日本重新開始商業(yè)捕鯨持什么樣的態(tài)度挎峦？
新聞?wù)?br>
Japan to leave International Whaling Commission, resume commercial hunt
日本將退出國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)香追，重新開始商業(yè)捕鯨
Japan announced Wednesday that it is withdrawing from the International Whaling Commission and will resume commercial whale hunting next year, sparking swift condemnation from other governments and conservation groups.
周三，日本宣布將退出國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)（IWC）坦胶，明年將重新開始商業(yè)捕鯨透典，此舉立刻招致了其它國(guó)家政府和保護(hù)組織的譴責(zé)。
Tokyo argues that the IWC has failed to live up to its initial dual mandate in 1946, to find a balance between preserving whale stocks and allowing the "orderly development" of the whaling industry. After failing to reach an agreement at a global conference in Brazil in September to resume commercial whaling, Japan is now following through on a threat to withdraw from the global body entirely.
日本認(rèn)為顿苇，國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)未能行使其 1946 年最初的雙重權(quán)力峭咒，即在保護(hù)鯨魚種群和允許捕鯨業(yè)“有序發(fā)展”之間找到一種平衡。今年 9 月纪岁，在巴西舉行的一次全球會(huì)議上凑队，日本未能就恢復(fù)商業(yè)捕鯨達(dá)成協(xié)議，而現(xiàn)在幔翰，日本正要將之前的威脅付諸行動(dòng)漩氨，完全退出這個(gè)全球性的捕鯨組織。
"Regrettably, we have reached a decision that it is impossible in the IWC to seek the coexistence of states with different views," Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said in a statement.
日本內(nèi)閣官房長(zhǎng)官菅義偉在一項(xiàng)聲明中表示遗增，“令人遺憾的是叫惊，我們做出了決定——在國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)，持有不同觀點(diǎn)的國(guó)家無(wú)法共存做修「撤茫”
As a result, Japan will cease taking whales from the Antarctic Ocean and Southern Hemisphere—where it has ostensibly been killing whales for scientific research—and will conduct commercial whaling "within Japan's territorial sea and its exclusive economic zone," he said.
菅義偉表示，因此缓待，日本將終止在南冰洋和南半球捕鯨（日本曾在此打著科研旗號(hào)捕殺鯨魚），而將“在本國(guó)領(lǐng)海和專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)”進(jìn)行商業(yè)捕鯨活動(dòng)渠牲。
Clare Perry, oceans campaigns leader for the Environmental Investigation Agency, said history had demonstrated unequivocally the need for global precautionary management of whale populations.
環(huán)境調(diào)查局海洋運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)責(zé)人克萊爾·佩里表示旋炒，歷史已一清二楚地證明，在全球范圍內(nèi)签杈，人們有必要對(duì)鯨魚種群進(jìn)行預(yù)防性的管理瘫镇。
"By leaving the IWC Japan is rejecting multilateralism and setting a very bad precedent for conservation which will likely have very serious negative consequences for the world's whales," she said. "It may bring a reprieve for the whale populations currently protected in international waters but at a very high price."
她說(shuō)道，“退出國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)答姥，意味著日本不但拒絕了多邊主義铣除，還在保護(hù)（鯨魚）方面開了一個(gè)非常不好的頭，這有可能對(duì)全世界的鯨魚產(chǎn)生非常嚴(yán)重的消極后果鹦付。日本的行為也許會(huì)給目前在國(guó)際水域受到保護(hù)的鯨魚種群帶來(lái)一段暫緩期尚粘，但付出的代價(jià)很高∏贸ぃ”
Whale meat was a vital source of protein in Japan as it recovered from the ravages of World War II, but is much less popular these days. Yet the government argues that it is part of Japan's traditional culture, dating back centuries.
當(dāng)年郎嫁，日本從二戰(zhàn)的瘡痍中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)秉继，鯨魚肉曾是日本蛋白質(zhì)的重要來(lái)源，如今泽铛，鯨魚肉遠(yuǎn)不如過(guò)去那么受歡迎尚辑。然而，日本政府認(rèn)為盔腔，幾百年來(lái)杠茬，鯨魚肉是日本傳統(tǒng)文化的一部分。
—————? 文章來(lái)源 / 華盛頓郵報(bào)
重點(diǎn)詞匯
resume/r??zu?m/
v. （使）重新開始弛随；（使）繼續(xù)進(jìn)行
e.g.
resume the negotiation
condemnation/?kɑ?ndem?ne??n/
n. 譴責(zé)瓢喉；指責(zé)
e.g.
a strong condemnation
widespread condemnations
live up to
達(dá)到，符合撵幽；不辜負(fù)（期望）
e.g.
He lived up to his promise.
dual/?du??l/
adj. 兩部分的灯荧；雙重的
e.g.
dual personality
a dual purpose
mandate/?m?nde?t/
n. （政府或組織等經(jīng)選舉而獲得的）授權(quán)
stock/stɑ?k/
n. 儲(chǔ)備；（動(dòng)物）種群
orderly/???rd?rli/
adj. 整潔的盐杂；有秩序的
follow through on sth.
把…進(jìn)行到底逗载；堅(jiān)持某事
e.g.
follow through on your plans
coexistence/?ko??ɡ?z?st?ns/
n. 同時(shí)存在；共處链烈，共存
e.g.
the coexistence of slave-owning states and free states
ostensibly/ɑ??stens?bli/
adv. 表面上地厉斟；貌似真實(shí)地；宣稱地
unequivocally/??n??kw?v?k?li/
adv. 表達(dá)明確地强衡，毫不含糊地擦秽，斬釘截鐵地
precautionary/pr??k????neri/
adj. 預(yù)防的；防備的漩勤；警惕的
e.g.
precautionary measure / advice
multilateralism/?m?lti?l?t?r?l?z?m/
n. 多邊主義感挥，多邊政策
precedent/?pres?d?nt/
n. 前例；先例
e.g.
Unemployment reached an unprecedented level in 2008. (adj.)
reprieve/r??pri?v/
n. 緩解
e.g.
The injection provided a temporary reprieve from the pain.
ravage/?r?v?d?/
n. & v. 毀壞越败；損壞触幼；嚴(yán)重?fù)p害
拓展內(nèi)容
日本遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨業(yè)歷史
在 1987 年以前，日本存在三種類型的捕鯨究飞，即大型遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨置谦、大型沿海捕鯨及小型沿岸捕鯨。日本的遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨始于 1934 年亿傅，那一年日本派出了第一支遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨船隊(duì)媒峡，在南冰洋作業(yè)。之后日本遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨事業(yè)不斷發(fā)展葵擎、壯大并開始采用國(guó)外先進(jìn)的捕鯨技術(shù)谅阿。1938 年至 1939 年，先后有 6 艘遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨船駛向南冰洋，共捕殺 2665 頭藍(lán)鯨奔穿、3344 頭長(zhǎng)須鯨镜沽、883 頭座頭鯨和 647 頭抹香鯨。日本在 1944 年又發(fā)展了北太平洋遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨隊(duì)贱田，主要捕殺灰鯨及抹香鯨缅茉。遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨業(yè)的發(fā)展為九州、四國(guó)等日本南部地區(qū)的漁民解決了就業(yè)問題男摧。
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間蔬墩，遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨暫停。直到 1945 年底耗拓，為了改善日本國(guó)民的食品供應(yīng)拇颅，當(dāng)時(shí)的美國(guó)占領(lǐng)軍司令部鼓勵(lì)日本恢復(fù)遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨。1947 年日本人民食用動(dòng)物蛋白總量的 47%來(lái)自鯨肉乔询，這一數(shù)字在 1964 年仍高達(dá) 23%樟插。遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨業(yè)在本世紀(jì) 60 年代中期達(dá)到最高峰。僅在 1967 年竿刁，北太平洋的 3 艘日本遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨船就捕獲了 9.14 萬(wàn)噸鯨魚黄锤。
1982 年國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)通過(guò)了“全面暫停商業(yè)捕鯨決定”，日本遠(yuǎn)洋捕鯨開始走下坡路食拜。1987 年這一禁令出現(xiàn)松動(dòng)鸵熟，國(guó)際捕鯨委員會(huì)開始允許“以研究為目的”的限量捕鯨活動(dòng)。如今负甸，日本每年仍以科學(xué)研究為名大量捕殺鯨類流强。
