Errors of Reaction
7種認(rèn)知錯誤霸旗、6種過程錯誤草穆、6種表達(dá)錯誤
最后一類錯誤是反應(yīng)錯誤，當(dāng)我們表達(dá)自己想法后雕旨，想法被他人挑戰(zhàn)時扮匠，我們做出的反應(yīng)常常是錯誤的捧请。
When we have once adopted an opinion, our pride makes us loth to?admit that we are wrong. When objections are made to our views, we are?more concerned with discovering how to combat them than how much?truth or sound sense there may be in them; we are at pains rather to find?fresh support for our own views, than to face frankly any new facts that?appear to contradict them. We all know how easy it is to become annoyed?at the suggestion that we have made a mistake; that our first feeling is?that we would rather do anything than admit it, and our first thought is?“How can I explain it away?”?
我們的驕傲使得我們不愿意承認(rèn)自己的錯誤。我們認(rèn)為錯誤會削弱我們的聲譽棒搜。人們?yōu)榱司S護(hù)自己的自尊疹蛉、聲譽，會做出反常帮非、錯誤之事氧吐。
To summarize, errors of reaction are face-saving devices we use to?explain away criticism of our ideas. We will discuss five specific errors—?automatic? rejection,? changing? the? subject,? shifting? the? burden? of? proof,? strawman, and attacking the critic.
automatic? rejection
接受或者反對一個論點的方式：評價這個論點，然后對其價值做出一個誠實的評估末盔。
自動拒絕筑舅，聽不進(jìn)別人建議、或者別人有反駁傾向就立即拒絕陨舱，不給別人說話翠拣、建議的余地。注意要在你的觀點和自己的觀點之間設(shè)置一段感情距離游盲。
Changing the Subject
轉(zhuǎn)移話題误墓、思維跳躍，說話沒有邏輯益缎。當(dāng)原話題合適谜慌，二轉(zhuǎn)換話題是為了欺騙逃避這樣是錯誤的。要迎頭直面困難莺奔。你知道答案就陳述欣范。不知道就說你認(rèn)為可能的并給出推理。不知道承認(rèn)就好令哟，并不丟臉恼琼。
Shifting the Burden of Proof
轉(zhuǎn)移責(zé)任。
strawman
稻草人 ?注意引用解釋別人觀點時要謹(jǐn)慎準(zhǔn)確屏富。把不實之詞強加到別人身上晴竞，然后指出他說的不對的地方，這是無實質(zhì)內(nèi)容的論證狠半。
Attacking the Critic
攻擊批評者噩死。想法和人不是同義詞。（對事不對人５溆琛）
