Hedy Lamarr
Hedy Lamarr was born Hedwig Eva Naria Kiesler in 1914 in Vienna, Austria. By the time she was a?teenager, she?had?decided to?drop?out of?school?and?seek?fame as（獲得名氣摇邦，以……揚(yáng)名） an actress. She first?appeared?in a German?film?in 1930. She was attractive and talented enough to be in three more films in 1931, but it was?her controversial film 'Ecstasy' that brought her worldwide fame as an actress.
? ??Something is controversial if it causes the public disagreement
In 1937 she?fled from her country and secretly moved to Hollywood, where she reinvented herself. She changed her name to Hedy Lamarr, with the nickname 'the most beautiful woman in films'. However, Lamarr?defied?the leading-lady stereotype by also pursuing an interest in （= chasing after）mathematics and engineering. She soon took up inventing. Her earliest inventions included an improved traffic stoplight and a tablet that would dissolve in water to create a carbonated drink.
With the ongoing World War, Lamarr was inspired to contribute the war effort. She designed a radio guidance system for torpedoes(魚雷). With the help of composer George Antheil, whom she met in 1940, she discovered a way to break up signals and transmit them over different frequencies. Using a method similar to the way player piano work, they designed a frequency-hopping system that would continually change the radio signals sent to a torpedo. While others, including Nikola Tesla, had explored similar ideas of frequency hopping, Lamarr and Antheil obtained a patent（獲得專利） for their invention in 1942 for what would become known as spread-spectrum technology.
Although the US Navy did not adopt the technology during the war, it was used during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. For decades Lamarr’s technology remained behind the scenes, but ultimately it led to the creation of toda。y’s spread-spectrum communication technology, such as Wi-Fi networks, mobile phones, GPS and Bluetooth technologies.
Lamarr and Antheil eventually received several awards for their lifetime creative achievements that contributed so much to society. They were inducted into the national investors Hall of Fame in 2014, after her death in 2000.
the unusual career of a famous actress
She was known as "the most beautiful woman in films".
Frequency hopping means to?rapidly switch frequencies to avoid interception of messages.
She first appeared in a German film in 1930.
She designed a radio guidance system for torpedoes.
The Challenge of AI
The internet and smartphones have changed the world and how we relate to each other. Instead of meeting in person, we increasingly interface through handheld devices. In a sense, real people are being removed, replaced by technology and virtual friends. Some people even say that they prefer to confide in (信任闯袒，信賴限番；向…吐露秘密) their virtual friends rather than their real friends!
AI, or artificial intelligence, is another technology that is highly disruptive. With AI, smartphones are other devices will have even more capabilities. They will be able to converse with us and tell us jokes. They may even become personal tutors. They will be able to do this because they will have access to our life histories. They will know what kind of problems we have, our preferences, and any content we want to learn or practice, they will be able to adapt to our needs and be available at any time. And all this will be at less cost than using a human.
In fact, the substitution of AIs for human labor has the potential to transform our world. Experts warn that smart machines may cause widespread unemployment. Many workers will become redundant(adj. 多余的，過剩的锉桑；被解雇的毕谴，失業(yè)的攻人；冗長的进副，累贅的), replaced by machines that can perform cognitive?tasks better than people. An even greater danger is that they will develop personalities and become more interesting than people. Work is already underway to produce AI companions for lonely people.
? ? ?Already work is underway to produce AI companions for lonely people.
Are these development something to worry about or something to welcome? How are they different than developments in the past, such as the industrial revolution? Cars replaced horses; machines and industrial robots replaced factory workers.
Since the shift to AI is inevitable, the challenge for policy makers will be to help existing workers acquire new skills. Future generations must be prepared for a workplace populated by AIs that will continue to develop and take on new tasks. Are we up to the task?
