古希臘/CLASSICAL GREEK
《30-SECOND ARCHITECTURE》
古希臘的建筑（約公元前500-320年）似乎很熟悉央串， 因?yàn)樗脑S多特征后來被復(fù)興和重塑。當(dāng)西方城市的銀行约谈、圖書館和博物館用古希臘建筑來展示他們的外觀時笔宿，這些建筑主要是借鑒神廟或柱廊。古希臘的其他建筑類型包括劇院（大量的階梯和座位）窗宇、賽馬場（賽道）、和陵墓（墳?zāi)梗┨叵恕９畔ＥD的建筑是橫梁式军俊， 也就是由垂直的柱來支撐水平的梁。由原本的木材過渡到石頭的過程中捧存，這些基本部件變得越來越形式化和具有裝飾性粪躬。這些部件的間距和組織遵循幾何比例担败，以產(chǎn)生各部件間的和諧關(guān)系。過梁被水平劃分成幾部分镰官，一個樸素的額枋位于帶飾（裝飾著慶祝歷史和神話事件的浮雕）下面提前，上面是一個突出的檐口。柱子是有凹槽的泳唠，柱頭被處理成不同的形式狈网，形成三種明確的希臘建筑風(fēng)格或秩序：多立克柱式有一個樸素的柱頭；愛奧尼柱式的柱頭被雕刻成漩渦的形式笨腥；科林斯柱式的柱頭被雕刻成類似植物的形式拓哺。
原文：Classical Greek architecture (c. 500–320 BC) seems familiar because many of its features were subsequently revived and reinvented. While banks, libraries and museums in Western cities use Classical Greek architecture to inform their appearance, these mainly draw on the temple or stoa (a covered arcade). Other building types of Classical Greece include the theatre (a large bowl of steps and seats), the hippodrome (a racing track), and the mausoleum (tomb). Classical Greek architecture is trabeated, which means it is constructed from vertical posts (columns) supporting horizontal lintels (beams). Originally of timber, in the transition to stone these basic elements became increasingly formalized and decorated. The spacing and organization of the elements followed geometric proportions designed to produce harmonious relations between the parts. Lintels were divided into horizontal sections: a plain architrave below a frieze (decorated with relief carvings celebrating historical and mythical events), above that a projecting cornice. Columns were fluted, and the top – the capital – was treated in different ways, resulting in three distinct styles or ‘orders’ of Greek architecture: the Doric has a plain capital; the Ionic has a capital carved to form scrolls; and the Corinthian capital is carved to resemble foliage.
