Spring Data JPA是Spring Data的一個(gè)子項(xiàng)目竞漾，它通過(guò)提供基于JPA的Repository極大地減少了JPA作為數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)方案的代碼量。

pom.xml文件

父類(lèi)pom

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.xiaolyuh</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-student</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>spring-boot-student</name>

    <!-- 添加Spring Boot的父類(lèi)依賴(lài)窥翩，這樣當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目就是Spring Boot項(xiàng)目了业岁。 spring-boot-starter-parent是一個(gè)特殊的starter，他用來(lái) 
        提供相關(guān)的maven默認(rèn)依賴(lài)寇蚊， 使用它之后笔时，常用的依賴(lài)可以省去version標(biāo)簽 -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <modules>
        <module>spring-boot-student-banner</module>
        <module>spring-boot-student-config</module>
        <module>spring-boot-student-log</module>
        <module>spring-boot-student-profile</module>
        <module>spring-boot-student-data-jpa</module>
        <module>spring-boot-student-mybatis</module>
    </modules>

</project>

Spring Data Jpa 子項(xiàng)pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-student-data-jpa</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>spring-boot-student-data-jpa</name>
    <description>Spring boot profile 配置</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.xiaolyuh</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-student</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath />
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)

CREATE TABLE `person` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `age` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `address` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=29 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;


-- 文件名修改成data.sql放到resources文件夾下才會(huì)執(zhí)行
insert into person(name,age,address) values('wyf',32,'合肥'); 
insert into person(name,age,address) values('xx',31,'北京'); 
insert into person(name,age,address) values('yy',30,'上海'); 
insert into person(name,age,address) values('zz',29,'南京'); 
insert into person(name,age,address) values('aa',28,'武漢'); 
insert into person(name,age,address) values('bb',27,'合肥'); 

實(shí)體類(lèi)

package com.xiaolyuh.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;

@Entity // @Entity注解指明這是一個(gè)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表映射的實(shí)體類(lèi)。
@NamedQuery(name = "Person.withNameAndAddressNamedQuery", query = "select p from Person p where p.name=?1 and address=?2")
public class Person {
    @Id // @Id注解指明這個(gè)屬性映射為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的主鍵仗岸。
    @GeneratedValue // @GeneratedValue注解默認(rèn)使用主鍵生成方式為自增允耿，hibernate會(huì)為我們自動(dòng)生成一個(gè)名為HIBERNATE_SEQUENCE的序列借笙。
    private Long id;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    private String address;

    public Person() {
        super();
    }

    public Person(Long id, String name, Integer age, String address) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public Person(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", address=" + address + "]";
    }

}

DAO層實(shí)現(xiàn)

package com.xiaolyuh.repository;

import com.xiaolyuh.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

import java.util.List;

public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person, Long> {
    // 使用方法名查詢，接受一個(gè)name參數(shù)较锡，返回值為列表业稼。
    List<Person> findByAddress(String name);

    // 使用方法名查詢，接受name和address蚂蕴，返回值為單個(gè)對(duì)象低散。
    Person findByNameAndAddress(String name, String address);

    // 使用@Query查詢，參數(shù)按照名稱(chēng)綁定掂墓。
    @Query("select p from Person p where p.name= :name and p.address= :address")
    Person withNameAndAddressQuery(@Param("name") String name, @Param("address") String address);

    // 使用@NamedQuery查詢谦纱，請(qǐng)注意我們?cè)趯?shí)體類(lèi)中做的@NamedQuery的定義。
    Person withNameAndAddressNamedQuery(String name, String address);
}

Controller 層實(shí)現(xiàn)

package com.xiaolyuh.controller;

import com.xiaolyuh.entity.Person;
import com.xiaolyuh.repository.PersonRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort.Direction;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class DataController {
    // 1 Spring Data JPA已自動(dòng)為你注冊(cè)bean君编，所以可自動(dòng)注入
    @Autowired
    PersonRepository personRepository;

    /**
     * 保存 save支持批量保存：<S extends T> Iterable<S> save(Iterable<S> entities);
     * <p>
     * 刪除： 支持使用id刪除對(duì)象跨嘉、批量刪除以及刪除全部： void delete(ID id); void delete(T entity);
     * void delete(Iterable<? extends T> entities); void deleteAll();
     */
    @RequestMapping("/save")
    public Person save(@RequestBody Person person) {

        Person p = personRepository.save(person);

        return p;

    }

    /**
     * 測(cè)試findByAddress
     */
    @RequestMapping("/q1")
    public List<Person> q1(String address) {

        List<Person> people = personRepository.findByAddress(address);

        return people;

    }

    /**
     * 測(cè)試findByNameAndAddress
     */
    @RequestMapping("/q2")
    public Person q2(String name, String address) {

        Person people = personRepository.findByNameAndAddress(name, address);

        return people;

    }

    /**
     * 測(cè)試withNameAndAddressQuery
     */
    @RequestMapping("/q3")
    public Person q3(String name, String address) {

        Person p = personRepository.withNameAndAddressQuery(name, address);

        return p;

    }

    /**
     * 測(cè)試withNameAndAddressNamedQuery
     */
    @RequestMapping("/q4")
    public Person q4(String name, String address) {

        Person p = personRepository.withNameAndAddressNamedQuery(name, address);

        return p;

    }

    /**
     * 測(cè)試排序
     */
    @RequestMapping("/sort")
    public List<Person> sort() {

        List<Person> people = personRepository.findAll(new Sort(Direction.ASC, "age"));

        return people;

    }

    /**
     * 測(cè)試分頁(yè)
     */
    @RequestMapping("/page")
    public Page<Person> page(@RequestParam("pageNo") int pageNo, @RequestParam("pageSize") int pageSize) {

        Page<Person> pagePeople = personRepository.findAll(new PageRequest(pageNo, pageSize));

        return pagePeople;

    }

}

Spring Boot 配置文件

server.port=80
# 數(shù)據(jù)源配置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssb_test
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
#連接池配置
spring.datasource.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource
#初始化連接:連接池啟動(dòng)時(shí)創(chuàng)建的初始化連接數(shù)量
spring.datasource.dbcp2.initial-size=50
#最大活動(dòng)連接:連接池在同一時(shí)間能夠分配的最大活動(dòng)連接的數(shù)量, 如果設(shè)置為非正數(shù)則表示不限制
spring.datasource.dbcp2.max-active=250
#最大空閑連接:連接池中容許保持空閑狀態(tài)的最大連接數(shù)量,超過(guò)的空閑連接將被釋放,如果設(shè)置為負(fù)數(shù)表示不限制
spring.datasource.dbcp2.max-idle=50
#最小空閑連接:連接池中容許保持空閑狀態(tài)的最小連接數(shù)量,低于這個(gè)數(shù)量將創(chuàng)建新的連接,如果設(shè)置為0則不創(chuàng)建
spring.datasource.dbcp2.min-idle=5
#最大等待時(shí)間:當(dāng)沒(méi)有可用連接時(shí),連接池等待連接被歸還的最大時(shí)間(以毫秒計(jì)數(shù)),超過(guò)時(shí)間則拋出異常,如果設(shè)置為-1表示無(wú)限等待
spring.datasource.dbcp2.max-wait-millis=10000
#SQL查詢,用來(lái)驗(yàn)證從連接池取出的連接,在將連接返回給調(diào)用者之前.如果指定,則查詢必須是一個(gè)SQL SELECT并且必須返回至少一行記錄
spring.datasource.dbcp2.validation-query=SELECT 1
#當(dāng)建立新連接時(shí)被發(fā)送給JDBC驅(qū)動(dòng)的連接參數(shù)，格式必須是 [propertyName=property;]吃嘿。注意：參數(shù)user/password將被明確傳遞祠乃，所以不需要包括在這里。
spring.datasource.dbcp2.connection-properties=characterEncoding=utf8

# JPA配置
#hibernate提供了根據(jù)實(shí)體類(lèi)自動(dòng)維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表結(jié)構(gòu)的功能兑燥，可通過(guò)spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto來(lái)配置亮瓷，有下列可選項(xiàng)：
#1、create：?jiǎn)?dòng)時(shí)刪除上一次生成的表降瞳，并根據(jù)實(shí)體類(lèi)生成表嘱支，表中數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)被清空。
#2挣饥、create-drop：?jiǎn)?dòng)時(shí)根據(jù)實(shí)體類(lèi)生成表除师，sessionFactory關(guān)閉時(shí)表會(huì)被刪除。
#3扔枫、update：?jiǎn)?dòng)時(shí)會(huì)根據(jù)實(shí)體類(lèi)生成表汛聚，當(dāng)實(shí)體類(lèi)屬性變動(dòng)的時(shí)候，表結(jié)構(gòu)也會(huì)更新短荐，在初期開(kāi)發(fā)階段使用此選項(xiàng)倚舀。
#4、validate：?jiǎn)?dòng)時(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)體類(lèi)和數(shù)據(jù)表是否一致忍宋，在我們數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定時(shí)采用此選項(xiàng)痕貌。
#5、none：不采取任何措施糠排。
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update 
#spring.jpa.show-sql用來(lái)設(shè)置hibernate操作的時(shí)候在控制臺(tái)顯示其真實(shí)的sql語(yǔ)句舵稠。
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
#讓控制器輸出的json字符串格式更美觀。
spring.jackson.serialization.indent-output=true


#日志配置
logging.level.com.xiaolyuh=debug
logging.level.org.springframework.web=debug
logging.level.org.springframework.transaction=debug
logging.level.org.apache.commons.dbcp2=debug

debug=false

測(cè)試類(lèi)

package com.xiaolyuh;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import net.minidev.json.JSONObject;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootStudentDataJpaApplicationTests {

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }

    private MockMvc mockMvc; // 模擬MVC對(duì)象，通過(guò)MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build()初始化柱查。  
      
    @Autowired  
    private WebApplicationContext wac; // 注入WebApplicationContext  
  
//    @Autowired  
//    private MockHttpSession session;// 注入模擬的http session  
//      
//    @Autowired  
//    private MockHttpServletRequest request;// 注入模擬的http request\  
  
    @Before // 在測(cè)試開(kāi)始前初始化工作  
    public void setup() {  
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();  
    }  
  
    @Test  
    public void testQ1() throws Exception {  
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("address", "合肥");
        
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/q1?address=合肥").content(JSONObject.toJSONString(map)))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())// 模擬向testRest發(fā)送get請(qǐng)求  
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))// 預(yù)期返回值的媒體類(lèi)型text/plain;charset=UTF-8  
                .andReturn();// 返回執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求的結(jié)果  
          
        System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());  
    }  

    @Test  
    public void testSave() throws Exception {  
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("address", "合肥");
        map.put("name", "測(cè)試");
        map.put("age", 50);

        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/save").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(JSONObject.toJSONString(map)))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())// 模擬向testRest發(fā)送get請(qǐng)求  
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))// 預(yù)期返回值的媒體類(lèi)型text/plain;charset=UTF-8  
                .andReturn();// 返回執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求的結(jié)果  
        
        System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());  
    }  

    @Test  
    public void testPage() throws Exception {  
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/page").param("pageNo", "1").param("pageSize", "2"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())// 模擬向testRest發(fā)送get請(qǐng)求  
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))// 預(yù)期返回值的媒體類(lèi)型text/plain;charset=UTF-8  
                .andReturn();// 返回執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求的結(jié)果  
        
        System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());  
    }  

}

數(shù)據(jù)源測(cè)試類(lèi)

package com.xiaolyuh;

import net.minidev.json.JSONObject;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class DataSourceTests {

    @Autowired
    ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Autowired
    DataSourceProperties dataSourceProperties;

    @Test
    public void testDataSource() throws Exception {
        // 獲取配置的數(shù)據(jù)源
        DataSource dataSource = applicationContext.getBean(DataSource.class);
        // 查看配置數(shù)據(jù)源信息
        System.out.println(dataSource);
        System.out.println(dataSource.getClass().getName());
        System.out.println(dataSourceProperties);
    }

}

源碼

https://github.com/wyh-spring-ecosystem-student/spring-boot-student/tree/releases

spring-boot-student-data-jpa工程