這是一個系列文章呀袱，分3部分：
1稚照、準(zhǔn)備工作--Yii2高級模板的安裝鲫忍，以及編寫一個類（方法）和一個model的RETful
2冀墨、測試工作--單元測試和API（REST規(guī)范的）測試
3、力爭上游--覆蓋率献丑、基礎(chǔ)概念末捣、引用文獻(xiàn)等

本文是第二部分，主要是單元測試和API測試创橄。

單元測試

1箩做、執(zhí)行vendor/bin/codecept generate:cest -c common unit CustomeString，
新建了common\tests\unit\CustomeStringCest.php妥畏，開始寫測試代碼了邦邦，增加內(nèi)容：

    public function tryToTest(UnitTester $I)
    {
        $len = 10;
        $prefix = 'pre';
        
        $string = CustomString::generateCode($len, $prefix);
        expect(strlen($string))->equals($len + 3);
        expect(substr($string, 0, 3))->equals($prefix);
        //等效于 expect($string)->startsWith($prefix);
       //這就是codeception的強(qiáng)大之處，封裝了幾乎所有測試需要的醉蚁，官方說90%+,且不希望你重復(fù)造輪子
    }

2燃辖、執(zhí)行vendor/bin/codecept run -c common。
我們可以在命令終端看到測試運(yùn)行的情況网棍。

至此郭赐，恭喜你，已經(jīng)利用codeception進(jìn)行了某個類的（方法的）測試确沸。

我們繼續(xù)來書寫如何測試一個model：
4捌锭、執(zhí)行vendor/bin/codecept generate:test -c common unit models/News
新建一個common\test\unit\models\NewsTest.php，我們仿照LoginFormTest.php罗捎，編寫NewsTest.php：

<?php

namespace common\tests\models;

use common\fixtures\NewsFixture;
use common\models\News;

class NewsTest extends \Codeception\Test\Unit
{
    public function _fixtures()
    {
        return [
            'news' => [
                'class' => NewsFixture::class,
                'dataFile' => codecept_data_dir() . 'news.php',
            ],
        ];
    }
    
    public function testValidate()
    {
        $model = new News(['title' => 'one title']);
        expect('model should create successfully', $model->save())->true();
        
        $model = new News(['code' => \Yii::$app->security->generateRandomString(33)]);
        expect('model should create fail', $model->save())->false();
        expect('error message should be set', $model->errors)->hasKey('code');
        
        $model = new News(['title' => null]);
        expect('model should create fail', $model->save())->false();
        expect('error message should be set', $model->errors)->hasKey('title');
        
        $model = new News(['title' => \Yii::$app->security->generateRandomString(256)]);
        expect('model should create fail', $model->save())->false();
        expect('error message should be set', $model->errors)->hasKey('title');
    }
    
    public function testData()
    {
        $data = News::find()->where(['title' => 'This is a title'])->one();
        expect(count($data))->equals(1);
    }
}

5观谦、因?yàn)樾枰玫?code>NewsFixture::class和codecept_data_dir() . 'news.php'，
所以我們需要在common的fixtures下新建NewFixture.php
（具體位置無所謂桨菜，只需要保證命名空間是common\fixtures）:

<?php
namespace common\fixtures;

use yii\test\ActiveFixture;

class NewsFixture extends ActiveFixture
{
    public $modelClass = 'common\models\News';
}

然后在common\tests\_data下新建news.php,自己添加一些數(shù)據(jù):

<?php

return [
    [
        'code' => 'abcdefg',
        'title' => 'This is a title',
        'content' => '<p>some Content</p>',
        'status' => 0,
        'created_at' => 1402312317,
        'updated_at' => 1402312317,
        'created_by' => 1,
        'updated_by' => 1,
    ],
    [
        'code' => '22222',
        'title' => 'This is second title',
        'content' => '<p>some Content</p>',
        'status' => 1,
        'created_at' => 1402312317,
        'updated_at' => 1402312317,
        'created_by' => 1,
        'updated_by' => 1,
    ],
];

6豁状、執(zhí)行vendor/bin/codecept run -c common，查看測試運(yùn)行情況倒得。
至此泻红，單元測試算告一段落。

單元測試霞掺，基本上就是對自定義的類的（方法的）測試谊路，還有model的一些測試。
當(dāng)有新的自定義類或者model時菩彬，類似上述新增測試用例即可缠劝。

7、 補(bǔ)充：
由于codeception包含3種格式的測試文件：Cept, Cest and Test

Cept are written as narrative scenarios. To make a PHP file a valid scenario, its name should have a Cept suffix.
描述行語言骗灶，文件后綴是Cept惨恭，常用于功能、驗(yàn)收還有API測試耙旦。
Cest combines scenario-driven test approach with OOP design. In case you want to group a few testing scenarios into one, you should consider using Cest format.
Codeception can also execute PHPUnit test files for unit testing脱羡。
注意Test格式時，方法名需要以test開頭免都，另外兩種格式不要求锉罐。

上述的例子是Test格式，當(dāng)然可以寫成Cept和Cest琴昆，實(shí)質(zhì)上等效氓鄙。
我習(xí)慣單元測試用Cest，API測試用Cept业舍。
執(zhí)行vendor/bin/codecept generate:cest -c common unit models/News抖拦，
新建一個common\test\unit\models\NewsCest.php，等效代碼如下：

<?php

namespace common\tests\unit\models;

use common\fixtures\NewsFixture;
use common\models\News;
use common\tests\UnitTester;

class NewsCest
{
    public function _before(UnitTester $I)
    {
        $I->haveFixtures([
            'news' => [
                'class' => NewsFixture::class,
                'dataFile' => codecept_data_dir() . 'news.php',
            ],
        ]);
    }
    
    public function _after(UnitTester $I)
    {
    }
    
    // tests
    public function tryToTestValidate(UnitTester $I)
    {
        $model = new News(['title' => 'one title']);
        expect('model should create successfully', $model->save())->true();
        
        $model = new News(['code' => \Yii::$app->security->generateRandomString(33)]);
        expect('model should create fail', $model->save())->false();
        expect('error message should be set', $model->errors)->hasKey('code');
        
        $model = new News(['title' => null]);
        expect('model should create fail', $model->save())->false();
        expect('error message should be set', $model->errors)->hasKey('title');
        
        $model = new News(['title' => \Yii::$app->security->generateRandomString(256)]);
        expect('model should create fail', $model->save())->false();
        expect('error message should be set', $model->errors)->hasKey('title');
    }
    
    public function toTestData()
    {
        $data = News::find()->where(['title' => 'This is a title'])->one();
        expect(count($data))->equals(1);
    }
}

功能和驗(yàn)收測試

由于前后端分離舷暮，這里不再介紹codeception的功能和驗(yàn)收測試态罪。
你可以查看frontend/tests/下的functional和accptance部分。
關(guān)于前端測試下面，可以參看CodeceptJS

API測試

接口的自動化測試复颈，這里是一個方案，具體參看WebServices沥割，
Postman的自動化接口測試也是一個不錯的方案耗啦，有時間再整理凿菩。

首先要執(zhí)行vendor/bin/codecept g:suite api -c blog，輸出：

Helper \blog\tests\Helper\Api was created in /home/lijun/works/yii-application/blog/tests/_support/Helper/Api.php
Actor ApiTester was created in /home/lijun/works/yii-application/blog/tests/_support/ApiTester.php
Suite config api.suite.yml was created.
 
Next steps:
1. Edit api.suite.yml to enable modules for this suite
2. Create first test with generate:cest testName ( or test|cept) command
3. Run tests of this suite with codecept run api command
Suite api generated

按照提示繼續(xù)下面的步驟：
1）帜讲、編輯api.suite.yml衅谷，啟用REST，且依賴Yii2似将。如下：

#suite_namespace: blog\tests\api
actor: ApiTester
modules:
    enabled:
        - \blog\tests\Helper\Api
        - REST:
            #url:
            depends: Yii2
            #part: Json

2）获黔、執(zhí)行vendor/bin/codecept g:cept api -c blog News創(chuàng)建測試文件blog\tests\api\NewsCept.php。

<?php

use blog\tests\ApiTester;
use Codeception\Util\HttpCode;

$I = new ApiTester($scenario);

//create
$data = ['code' => 'code1', 'title' => 'first title', 'content' => 'first content'];
$I->wantTo('create a news');
$I->sendPOST('/news', $data);
$I->seeResponseCodeIs(HttpCode::CREATED);
$I->seeResponseIsJson();
//{"code":"code1","title":"first title","content":"first content","id":16}
$I->seeResponseContainsJson($data);

//view
$I->wantTo('view a news');
$id = $I->grabDataFromResponseByJsonPath('$.id')[0];
$I->sendGET('/news/' . $id);
$I->seeResponseCodeIs(HttpCode::OK);
$I->seeResponseIsJson();
$I->seeResponseMatchesJsonType([
    'id' => 'integer',
    'title' => 'string',
    'content' => 'string|null',
]);

//update
$I->wantTo('update news');
$id = $I->grabDataFromResponseByJsonPath('$.id')[0];
$I->sendPUT('/news/' . $id, ['content' => 'updated content']);
$I->seeResponseCodeIs(HttpCode::OK);
$I->seeResponseContainsJson(['content' => 'updated content']);

//index
$I->wantTo('list news');
$I->sendGET('/news');
$I->seeResponseCodeIs(HttpCode::OK);
//{"items":[{"id":49,"code":"code1","title":"first title","content":"first content","status":0,"created_at":0,"created_by":0,"updated_at":0,"updated_by":0}],"_links":{"self":{"href":"http://localhost/index-test.php/news?page=1"}},"_meta":{"totalCount":1,"pageCount":1,"currentPage":1,"perPage":20}}
$I->seeResponseJsonMatchesJsonPath('$.items..title');
$I->seeResponseJsonMatchesXpath('//_meta//totalCount');


//delete
$I->wantTo('delete a news');
$id = $I->grabDataFromResponseByJsonPath('$.items..id');
$I->sendDELETE('/news/' . $id[0]);
$I->seeResponseCodeIs(HttpCode::NO_CONTENT);

//index
$I->wantTo('list empty news');
$I->sendGET('/news');
$I->seeResponseCodeIs(HttpCode::OK);

3）在验、運(yùn)行測試vendor/bin/codecept run -c blog玷氏，
提示需要安裝flow/jsonpath，執(zhí)行composer require -dev "flow/jsonpath"腋舌。待安裝之后再次執(zhí)行測試即可盏触。

至此，REST的API測試完成侦厚。
Yii2下使用codeception進(jìn)行單元測試和API測試到此告一段落耻陕，后面可以繼續(xù)熟悉codeception的強(qiáng)大吧。

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