在19世紀(jì)以前兴蒸，人們想要拔牙或者進(jìn)行牙科手術(shù)是非常痛苦和危險(xiǎn)的事情。因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)時(shí)的環(huán)境下细办，不僅沒有麻藥橙凳，拔牙工具簡陋，而且操作牙科手術(shù)的人也都不是專業(yè)的牙醫(yī)蟹腾。所以很早之前各國的牙科醫(yī)生們就不約而同地提出過一些預(yù)防牙病的方法：飯后剔牙痕惋、經(jīng)常漱口、使用牙粉和刷牙等娃殖≈荡粒可以說，人類已經(jīng)和牙病斗爭了幾千年了炉爆。而且堕虹，這種“相互傷害”的過程還清楚地被一個(gè)展覽給紀(jì)錄了下來。位于英國倫敦的韋爾科姆收藏館（Wellcome?Collection）專門策劃了一個(gè)醫(yī)療與藝術(shù)相結(jié)合的展覽芬首，并于5月17日開始展出赴捞。此次展覽展出了與牙齒相關(guān)的上百件展品，探索了有史以來人類及其牙齒之間的關(guān)系是如何發(fā)展的郁稍，同時(shí)還展示了用來宣傳牙齒衛(wèi)生的海報(bào)是怎么跟含糖零食的廣告作斗爭的赦政。
Chew?on?this:?teeth
①?Before?the?advent?of?modern?dentistry?in?the?19th?and?20th?centuries,?procedures?were?performed?by?barber-surgeons,?blacksmiths?and?even?fairground?entertainers.
②?Extractions?without?anaesthetic?were?gruesome,?so?people?tried?alternative?methods?to?alleviate?toothache.
③?Votive?offerings,?amulets?and?prayers?to?St?Apollonia,?the?patron?saint?of?toothache,?were?all?thought?to?protect?pearly?whites.
④?An?exhibition?which?opens?on?Thursday?at?the?Wellcome?Collection?in?London?will?explore?our?relationship?with?our?teeth?throughout?history.
⑤?The?show?will?display?examples?of?these?ancient?offerings?alongside?objects?that?chart?the?development?of?our?understanding?of?dental?care,?from?Napoleon's?silver?toothbrush?to?King?William?IV's?dentures.
⑥?Though?dentistry?has?come?a?long?way?over?the?past?couple?of?centuries,?gnashers?still?need?looking?after:?the?exhibition?will?also?show?how?posters?used?to?publicise?dental?hygiene?compete?with?adverts?for?sugary?snacks.
⑦?There's?plenty?to?get?your?teeth?stuck?into.
Words & Expressions:
1. chew?on?something/chew sth over:?informal?to think carefully about something for a period?of time
eg. Let me chew it over for a few days.
2. advent?/??dvent/: the advent of sth.?the time when something first begins to be widely used?=coming
eg. the advent of computer/television
3.fairground?entertainer, an open space which a fair takes place /?street entertainers
4.alleviate?/??li?vie?t/, to make something less painful?or difficult to deal with?
eg. alleviate the problem/situation/suffering etc?
? ? ? a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu
? ? ? measures to alleviate poverty
5.gruesome?/?ɡru:s(?)m/:?adj.?very unpleasant or shocking,?and involving someone being killed or badly injured.
eg. Police described it as a particularly gruesome attack.?
? ? ? Spare me the gruesome details.
6.?get?one's?teeth?into?something, informal?to start to do something with a lot of energy and determination
eg. I can’t wait to get my teeth into the new course.
? ? ? Since?you?know?about?the?project?so?well,?now?get?your?teeth?into?it.
7.?have come a long way?to have made a lot of progress.
eg. Computer technology has come a long way since the 1970s.
8. votive/?v??t?v?$??vo?-/?adjective?[only before noun]?technical??given or done because of a promise made to God or to a saint?
eg. votive offerings
9. amulet/??mj?l?t, -let?$?-l?t/?noun?[countable]??a small piece of jewellery worn to protect against bad luck, disease etc.?
eg. Any infant protected by an?amulet bearing?the names of the angels would be immune from her attention.
10.patron?saint?of?/?pe?tr(?)n/:?a Christian saint?who people believe gives special protection to a particular place, activitity, or person
eg. patron saint of?
? ? ? St. Christopher, the patron saint of travellers
11.?publicise?/?p?bl?s??z/: to give information about something to the public, so that they know about it?
eg. television’s failure to publicize the unemployment issue
well/widely/highly publicized?(=receiving a lot of attention)?
His visit was highly publicized.
關(guān)于牙齒的詞匯：
pearly?white?/?p?:li/:?牙齒
gnashers?/?na??z/:?n.（復(fù)數(shù)）牙齒
denture?/?d?nt??/:?n.?假牙
extraction?/?k?strak?(?)n/:?n.?拔牙；取出
anaesthetic?/?an?s?θ?t?k/:?n.?麻藥
