SECTION Ⅱ
I. 插入語
(1) 主句中
Nuclear fission, `it has been claimed`, will be a cheap, clean and almost inexhaustible source of power.
(2) 從句中
Ohm’s law has a few forms which `it will be found` are very useful.
(3) say=let us say
Well-grounded students can absorb Chapters 4 and 5 in `say` three weeks.
A resistor of `say` 100 ohms may be connected across the capacitor.
II. 否定Negation
1. 部分否定Partial negation
all [both, every] + not
2. 全否定Full negation
no [none of the …, neither ]+ n.
(E/C) Both books are not suitable.
(C/E) 這兩臺設(shè)備的質(zhì)量都不好肖爵。
E/C
1. This equipment, `it is said`, was commercially available three years ago.
2. A resistor of `say` 100 ohms should be used here.
3. `Neither of the` two conditions is satisfied .
4. `All the` computers in our laboratory are not very good in quality .
5. The students are familiar with `none of these` parameters .
Ⅲ. 比較Comparison
(1) “…得多”
> much/far/considerably/significantly + comparative degree
公式（8-10）所包含的內(nèi)容不僅僅只是增益如何飽和的描述
Equation (8-10) contains `much more` than a mere description of how the gain saturates（增益飽和）.
實際預(yù)測必須考慮更多的氣候因素厉颤。
The real forecast must take into account `far more` climate factors.
(2) “越來越…”
> ever + ~er
Computers are becoming `ever smaller`.
> increasingly + positive degree
Electronic devices are getting `increasingly complicated`.
(3) “…達(dá)（到）”
> as + adj. + as + quantity
That cable is as long as three kilometers.
Efficiencies of as much as 99% are achieved in large transformers鼎文。
月亮離地球的距離遠(yuǎn)達(dá)24萬英里渤滞。
(4) The ways to express the idea of “… 越…, 就越…”
物體運動的越快贬墩，其具有的動能越大。
The faster the body moves, the greater kinetic energy it will possess.
E/C
1. Macros have `far fewer` uses in C++ .
2. `The greater` the resistance, `the longer` time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.
(…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)
3. Of all the instruments in this laboratory, this one is the lowest in price […, this one is the cheapest] .
4. The current `as small as` 0.1 A is too small to produce enough heat .
SECTION Ⅲ
1. 不定式infinitive
1. “It” 做形式主語
① It is possible to…
It is necessary to…
It is a simple matter to…
② It will do you good to…
It makes sense to
③ It suffices to…
It remains to…
④ It is desired to…
It is left to sb. to…
如果想要求出這個電阻上的電壓妄呕，我們必須首先知道流過它的電流陶舞。
If `it is desired to` find out the voltage across this resistor, we must first know the current flowing through it.
2. 不定式作定語 attributive
R是所要測定的電阻。
R is the resistance `to be measured`.
有許多問題要我們考慮绪励。
There are many problems `for us to consider`.
這里有許多種類型的萬用表供你選用肿孵。
Here are many types of multimeters `for you to choose from`.
3. 復(fù)合不定式Complex infinitive?
> `for + n. or pron. + to do`
我們必須詳細(xì)地研究這種材料的性質(zhì)。
It is necessary for us to study the properties of this material in detail.
陽光到達(dá)地球需要大約八分鐘的時間疏魏。
It takes about eight minutes for sunlight to reach the earth.
> `For … to do…` 為了使…(能)…
為了使該計算機能夠正常工作停做，外加電壓必須合適。
`For the computer to work/ operate /function normally`, the applied voltage must be proper/ appropriate.
A number of basic problems must be overcome `for a nuclear reactor to operate properly`.
4. 名詞性不定式Nominal infinitive
> 疑問詞 (what \ when \ which\ where\ whom\ whether\ how) + 不定式
This book presents the necessary business and managerial perspectives on `why`, `when`, `and how to implement` these controls.
`如何測定原子的重量和體積`是我們很多人感興趣的一個問題大莫。
`How to determine the weight and size of an atom` is a question interesting to many of us.
必須作出決定`到底選用哪一項`蛉腌。
The decision on `which term to choose` must be made.
讀者可能不知道`該首先做這些運算中的哪一個`。
The reader may have no idea `which of these operations to do first`.
我們得求出`使x為多大`才能使這個等式成立只厘。
We have to find out `how large to make x` for this equation to hold.
Ex5
1. 要執(zhí)行的程序貯存在這一單元中烙丛。
The program `to be executed` is stored in this unit.
2. 這山谷被用來作為建壩的基礎(chǔ)。
This valley is used as the foundation `on which to build the dam`.
3. 目標(biāo)越遠(yuǎn)羔味，回波返回所需的時間就越長河咽。
The farther away the target (is), the longer it takes `for the echo to return`.
4. 電容器貯存電荷的能力受幾個因素的影響。
The ability `of a capacitor to store a charge` is affected/influenced by a few factors.
II. 分詞
1. 作定語 attribute
Copper is a widely `used` conductor. 銅是廣泛使用的導(dǎo)體赋元。
A capacitor is a device `consisting` of two conductors separated by a non-conductor.
Yellow `added` to blue produces white light.
A lamp `connected` across a dry cell is an example of a simple electric circuit.
2. 作狀語忘蟹，表達(dá)條件飒房、時間、原因和附加說明
`Given` current and resistance, we can find out voltage. 若已知電流和電阻媚值，我們就能求出電壓來情屹。
`Being` a good conductor of electricity, copper is widely used in electrical engineering. 由于銅是一種良導(dǎo)體，所以被廣泛地用在電氣工程中杂腰。
`Recognizing` the importance of the ozone layer to life on the earth, these industrial nations committed to take some effective measures.
Silver is the best conductor, `followed` by copper.
Ex5
5. 在這種情況下垃你，電子具有的能量就更大，從而增強了光點的亮度喂很。
In this case, electrons will possess greater energy , (thus) `increasing` the brightness of the spot.
6. 求出這些符號的可能值就稱為解方程惜颇。
`Finding` the possible values of these symbols is called `solving` the equation.
7. 自動化并不是機械代替人的問題。
Automation is not a question of machines `replacing` man.
III. With結(jié)構(gòu)
讓我們以原點為圓心少辣，做一個半徑為r的半圓凌摄。
Let us draw a semi-circle of radius r, `with the origin as its center`.
應(yīng)在Ep接地的情況下測量這個電流增益。
This current should be measured `with Ep grounded`.
> 功能 :時間, 條件 , 原因 , 附加說明 , 結(jié)果…
由于存在摩擦漓帅，一部分功率作為熱而損失掉了锨亏。?
`With friction present`, a part of power has been lost as heat.?
在設(shè)計因特網(wǎng)時，并沒有考慮安全問題忙干。
The Internet was designed `without security problems in mind`.?
既講了實際 的設(shè)計方法器予，同時也講述了理論問題，重點放在一般概念上捐迫。
Both practical design techniques and theoretical problems are covered `with emphasis on general concepts`.
變壓器是由繞在鐵芯上的兩個或多個線圈構(gòu)成的一種裝置乾翔。
A transformer is a device `consisting` of two or more coils wound on the iron core.
這本書如果使用得當(dāng)，對讀者是很有幫助的施戴。
This book, properly `used`, is of great help to the reader.
若已知時間和速度反浓，我們就能求出距離來。
`Given` time and speed, we can find out distance
在設(shè)計這些集成電路時只考慮一兩種用途赞哗。
These integrated circuits were designed `with` only one or two uses in mind.
圓心在原點雷则，半徑為a的圓的方程為x2＋y2=a2
The equation `to` the circle with the center at the origin and of radius a is x2＋y2=a2 .
IV. 動名詞gerund
by ~ing … through…通過做某事
on (upon) ~ing… as soon as 一旦…
soon after 一…就…
in ~ing… during the time when
in the course of
in the aspect of
我們可以通過用絲綢摩擦(rub)玻璃棒(glass rod)得到相同的結(jié)果。
We get the same results `by rubbing` a glass rod with silk.
在使用上面的等式時肪笋，必須注意符號月劈。
`In using` the equation above, attention must be paid to the sign.
一旦把這些數(shù)值代入該方程后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)無線電波的速度與光速一樣大涂乌。
`Upon substituting` these values into the equation, it was found that the velocity of radio waves is as great as that of light.
