考點一 介詞
一缠导、方位介詞
1. 圖解方位介詞
The flag is beyond the mountain. It is beyond my reach / not within my reach.
The little mouse is under the table, so it is not easy to find it.
那只小老鼠在桌子底下, 因此不容易找到它。
The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
長城從西向東穿過沙漠, 跨過高山, 穿過深谷, 蜿蜒而行, 直到最后直抵大海。
題組訓練 用介詞完成句子
①The sunlight came in through (穿過) the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
②The bicycle is beyond (不能)repair.
2. among, between
一般說來, among 用于三者或三者以上的“在……中間”,其賓語通常是一個表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)量或具有復數(shù)(或集合)意義的名詞或代詞;而between 主要指兩者之間, 其賓語往往是表示兩者的名詞或代詞, 或者是由and連接的兩個人或物入宦。among 在表示范圍時, 還可表示“在(其)中; ……之一”笋颤。
They hid themselves among the trees.
他們躲在樹林中钓简。
She is the youngest among the three sisters.
她是三個姐妹中最年輕的油啤。
There was a fight between the two boys.
這兩個男孩子打過一次架。
I'm usually free between Tuesday and Thursday.
我通常在星期二與星期四之間有空坯钦。
注意: 在下列情況中, between 可用于三者:
(1)當兩個以上的人或物用and 連接時预皇。
between A, B and C 在A、B 和C 之間
(2)涉及人或事物之間的區(qū)別以及人或事物之間的關系時婉刀。
the difference between the three of them 他們三者之間的區(qū)別
the relations between various countries 各國之間的關系
(3)表示“由于……合作的結果”時吟温。
Between them they landed the fish. 他們協(xié)力把魚拖上了岸。
(4)在divide, share 等表示“分享”之類的動詞之后, 若接一個表示三者或三者以上的復數(shù)名詞時, 用among 和between均可突颊。
He divided his money among/between his five sons.
他把錢分給了他的5 個兒子鲁豪。
題組訓練 用介詞 between, among 填空
③Some students often listen to music between classes to refresh themselves.
④Four Chinese models were among the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
3. in, on
二者均可表示“在……上”,描述兩個物體的接觸情況。on 側重于表面接觸, 而in 側重于接觸的深度律秃。英語中的某些習慣表達常用in 或on爬橡。若打擊某人的臉、眼棒动、嘴糙申、胸、腹等部位時, 用in, 而打擊頭船惨、額柜裸、鼻、耳粱锐、頸疙挺、肩、腿等部位時, 用on怜浅。表示樹本身生長出來的枝衔统、葉、花海雪、果等, 用on the tree, 但表示樹本身以外的人或動物“在樹上”,用in the tree, 意指被枝葉遮掩其中。
We found a square hole in the wall.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)墻上有個方洞舱殿。
The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him.
老師輕輕拍著那個男孩兒的頭安慰他奥裸。
There are lots of apples on the tree.
樹上有很多蘋果。
題組訓練 用介詞in, on 填空
⑤There is a map of the world on the wall.
⑥Birds are singing in the tree.
4. across, through
across 和through 雖然都可以表示“穿過”,但還是有區(qū)別的沪袭。across 與on 有關, 意為: from one side to the other side of(sth. ),表示動作在物體的表面進行, 從一邊到另一邊湾宙。through 與in 有關, 表示動作從物體中間穿過樟氢。
【比較】
He walked across the fields. 他從田野上走過。(在田野上)
He walked through the forest. 他從森林中穿過侠鳄。(在森林中)
He ran across the bridge. 他跑過橋去。(從橋上)
He ran through the town. 他跑著穿過這座小城。(貫穿)
此外, across 與靜態(tài)動詞連用時表示“在(街痕檬、河等)……對面”或“在(身體某部位)上”的意思哼鬓。
The school is across the river. 學校在河的對岸。
He has a giant scar across his chest. 他胸前有塊巨大的傷疤博秫。
題組訓練 用介詞 across, through 填空
⑦My house is just across the street.
⑧Water will be pumped through a pipe.
⑨Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?
5. over, above;under, below
(1)over 和above 都有“在……之上”的意思, 但over 往往表示“在……的正上方”,其反義詞為under, 而above 往往表示“在……的斜上方”,其反義詞為below潦牛。over 還可表示“(部分或全部覆蓋)在……上面”的意思。
You can't wear a blue jacket over that shirt. It'll look terrible.
你不能把一件藍夾克穿在那件襯衫外面挡育。那將會很難看巴碗。
(2)over 和above 都可以表示在數(shù)量上“多于” 的意思, 但above 一般用于表示與“最低限度”或“標準”有關的事物, 而over則表示“多于”,相當于more than, 其反義詞是under ( = less than)。
1, 000 meters above sea level 海拔1000 米
two degrees above zero 零上2 度
He's over fifty. 他已年過半百即寒。
It's under a mile from here to the post office.
此處距郵局不足一英里橡淆。
(3)above 表示“級別、地位母赵、重要性等高于……”,over 則強調“控制逸爵、掌握、權威市咽、優(yōu)越”等痊银。
He always puts his students above everything.
他總是把自己的學生置于一切事情之上。
He has little control over his emotions.
他控制不住自己的感情施绎。
題組訓練 用介詞 over, above 填空
⑩She's been here for over two hours.
她在這里已超過兩小時了溯革。
[11]A great person is always putting others' interests above his own.
偉人總是置他人利益高于自己的利益之上。
[12]He is above average intelligence.
他的智力在一般水平以上谷醉。
6. in, on, to, off
四個詞都可表示兩地之間的位置關系致稀。in 表示在某范圍之內;to 表示在某范圍之外;on 表示“毗鄰”、“接壤”;off 則強調兩地間隔著一小段距離俱尼。
Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China. ( 在某范圍之內)
山東省在/位于中國東部抖单。
Shandong Province is/lies to the northeast of Hubei Province.(在某范圍之外)
山東省在/位于湖北省東北邊。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.(接壤)
蒙古在/位于中國北邊遇八。
Lily lives in a flat just off Park Avenue.(兩地隔著一小段距離)
莉莉住在離派克大街不遠的一處公寓里矛绘。
題組訓練 用介詞in, to, off 填空
[13]Japan is/lies to the east of China.
[14]Beijing lies in the north of China.
[15]The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.
二、時間介詞
1. at, in, on
(1)at 的用法
1)表示時間的一點, 時刻等, 如: at 12: 00(在12 點),at noon(在中午),at night(在夜里),at midnight(在半夜),at dawn/daybreak(在黎明, 破曉),at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),at dusk(在黃昏)刃永。
2)表示較短暫的一段時間, 可指某個節(jié)日或被認為是一年中標志大事的日子, 如: at Christmas 在圣誕節(jié)货矮。
(2)in 的用法
表示在某段較長的時間內(如: 世紀、朝代斯够、年代囚玫、月份及泛指上午喧锦、下午和傍晚等),如: in the 1980's/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening。
(3)on 的用法
1)用于表示具體的日子或一個特定的時間(如: 某日抓督、某節(jié)日燃少、星期幾等),如: on October the first, on a rainy day, on National Day 等。
2)用于表示特定的上午铃在、下午或晚上, 如: on Christmas Eve(在圣誕節(jié)前夕),on the morning of January the third, on the afternoon of his arrival 等阵具。
3)準時, 按時: on time。
題組訓練 翻譯下列詞組
[16]在星期天上午 on Sunday morning(s)
[17]在三月初 at the beginning of March
[18]在兒童節(jié) on Children's Day
[19]在19 世紀20 年代 in the 1820's/1820s
2. in, after
(1)in 的用法
in 表時間, 常表示“在……之內”,有時in 還有“在……之后”的意思, 但表示此意時, 必須具備兩個條件:①所在句子的謂語動詞必須表將來;②后面必須是一段時間涌穆。這兩個條件缺一不可, 否則用after 或later怔昨。
(2)after 的用法
after 表時間, 意為“在……之后”。通乘尴。“after+時間段”與過去時連用;“after+時間點”與將來時連用趁舀。
My father will be back in three days.
我父親將在3 天以后回來。
My father will be back after three o'clock.
我父親將在3 點后回來祝沸。
My father came back after three days/three days later.
我父親是3 天后回來的矮烹。
題組訓練 用in, after, later 填空
[20]It will be finished in an hour.
[21]He returned after a few days.
[22]They finished their lessons at four and a little while later they went out to take a walk.
3. for, from, since
for 后接時間段, 表示行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久;from 后接時間點, 表示行為或狀態(tài)的起始點, 而不涉及其持續(xù)時間的長短;since 后接時間點, 不僅表示行為或狀態(tài)的起始點, 而且還強調該行為或狀態(tài)從起始點一直持續(xù)到說話的時刻, 因而常與延續(xù)性動詞的完成時連用。
Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.
布朗先生喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活, 退休后他在那里生活了差不多15 年罩锐。
My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.
我的妹妹從5歲開始學習舞蹈奉狈。
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock.
湯姆從7點開始就一直做他的家庭作業(yè)。
題組訓練 用for, from, since 填空
[23] From then on she knew she would win.
[24]I lost my money and I have been worried since then.
[25]The meeting lasted for three hours yesterday.
4. during, through, over
(1)during 的用法
during 指某個動作或狀態(tài)在某個時間段里或整個過程中斷
斷續(xù)續(xù)地發(fā)生過多次, 或在整個時間段里的某一點發(fā)生過, 起止
時間比較明顯涩惑。
He often falls asleep during the class. 課上他常常打瞌睡仁期。
He swims every day during the summer.
夏季他每天都游泳。
(2)through 的用法
through: 在……期間;從……開頭到結尾(所指時間包括在內, 此時與throughout 相同)竭恬。
Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family
through his father's illness.
在他父親生病期間, 湯姆堅持地頂住了養(yǎng)家的壓力跛蛋。
(3)over 的用法
over 意為: while doing, having, eating, etc.(sth. )在(做)……期間。
We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.
我們一邊喝茶一邊愉快地聊天痊硕。
此外, over 還有“throughout(a period)貫穿(一時間段)”的意思, 等于during赊级。
He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and the New Year. 他將在威爾士度過圣誕和新年。
題組訓練 用during, over 填空
[26]Let's discuss it over lunch.
[27] Over/During the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in this area.
5. before, by, till, until
(1)before 的用法
before: 早于;在……之前岔绸。
The new road will be completed before the end of the year.
這條新道路將在年底以前建成理逊。
(2)by 的用法
1)表示“不遲于……,在(某時)前”。
All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.
你們所有人必須在7 點鐘前到校盒揉。
2)表示“在……期間, 在……時間內”晋被。
He worked by night and slept by day.
他晚上工作, 白天睡覺。
(3)until 和till 的用法
1)until 是比較正式的用法刚盈。在肯定句中和延續(xù)性動詞連用, 表示動作一直持續(xù)到until 后面的時間為止;在否定句中和非延續(xù)性動詞連用, 表示該動作直到until 后面的時間才開始墨微。
I shall wait until ten o'clock.
我將等到10 點鐘。
I didn't go to sleep until midnight.
直到半夜我才睡覺扁掸。
2)till 意義與until 相同翘县。
He works from morning till night, day after day.
他日復一日從早工作到晚。
題組訓練 用before, by, until 填空
[28]We'll have finished the work by ten o'clock tomorrow.
[29]I usually take a bath before having my breakfast.
[30]Up until last year, they didn't even own a car.
三谴分、表工具锈麸、手段、方式的介詞
1. by, in, on
三個詞都可以表示旅行的方式牺蹄。
(1)不涉及交通工具的名詞時用by, 名詞前不帶冠詞忘伞。如: by sea, by water, by land, by air 等。
(2)涉及交通工具的名詞時用by, 但名詞需用單數(shù), 其前面不加冠詞和任何修飾語沙兰。如: by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship 等氓奈。
(3)當旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具時, 用on 或in, 名詞前應有冠詞、物主代詞鼎天、指示代詞等修飾語舀奶。如: travel to New York on this plane, go to school on my bike 等。
注意: 步行斋射、騎馬育勺、騎駱駝均用on。如: on foot, on horseback/on a horse, on a camel 等罗岖。
題組訓練 同義句轉換
[31]He went to Beijing by car.
He went to Beijing in his/a car .
[32]I prefer to travel by ship.
I prefer to travel by water/sea .
2. with, in
(1)with 用于有形的工具或身體某些器官之前, 其后的名詞多被冠詞涧至、物主代詞等修飾。
They are digging with a pick/spade.
他們正在用一把鎬/鏟挖桑包。
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我們用眼睛看, 用耳朵聽, 用腿走路南蓬。
(2)in
{原料、顏料哑了、語言赘方、鋼筆、鉛筆等}
{大垒手、小寫字母}
Please answer me in English. 請用英語回答我蒜焊。
Please write in capital letters. 請用大寫字母寫。
The artist wrote in ink/pencil( = with a pen/a pencil).
那個藝術家用鋼筆/鉛筆寫字科贬。
(3)注意以下固定短語:
on/over the telephone/radio 通過電話/廣播
{in this/that way
by this/that means
with this/that method
用這/那種方式}
題組訓練 用by, over, in, on 填空
[33]This form is to be filled in in ink.
[34]This toy is not machine-made. It is made by hand.
[35] In the morning I usually listen to the news over/on the radio.
四泳梆、表原因的介詞
1. with 多用于表示情緒的形容詞或身體動作或狀態(tài)的動詞之后, 表示某種心理或心理狀態(tài)的原因。
2. for 多與表示感情的抽象名詞或動名詞及reason, famous等詞連用榜掌。
3. from 常接抽象名詞, 表示自然或間接原因优妙。
4. of 用于某些形容詞后, 后接與感情相關的人或事。
5. over 常用于帶有感情色彩的動詞, 如: cry, quarrel, laugh, sigh 等詞之后, 敘述所發(fā)生事情的原因憎账。
Her face went red with anger.
她氣得臉都紅了套硼。
The West Lake is famous for its scenery.
西湖以它的景色而聞名。
五胞皱、表示支持邪意、反對的介詞
against 意為“反對”,指在觀點或主張等方面與某人采取對立的態(tài)度九妈。此外, against 還有“倚靠, 逆著, 相反, 在……的襯托下, 與……比賽”等意思。for 指在觀點或主張等方面與某人采取一致的態(tài)度, 意思是“支持, 贊成”,與in favor of 同義雾鬼。
Are you for or against the new road scheme?
你對修建新道路的計劃是贊成還是反對?
She was forced to marry against her will.
她被迫違心地嫁了人萌朱。
That's against the law. 那是違法的。
The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
滑雪者的紅衣服在雪的襯托下顯得分外醒目策菜。
題組訓練 介詞填空
[36] ( 2012 陜西, 11 ) An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.
[37]Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
六晶疼、其他常考介詞
1. besides, except, but, other than, except for 的區(qū)別
(1)用于否定句時, besides, except 與but 可相互替換又憨。
No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/besides/but Lin Tao and Wu Dong.
除林濤翠霍、吳東外沒有別的學生通過那么難的數(shù)學考試。
(2)用于肯定句時的區(qū)別
1)except 意為: not including 除……之外(不再有)蠢莺。
We all passed the exam except Tom.
除湯姆沒及格外, 我們都及格了寒匙。(湯姆沒及格)
2)besides 意為: in addition to 除……之外(還有)。
We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音樂, 我們還有很多共同點浪秘。
注意: besides 在句中的位置較靈活, 可放在句首, 亦可放在句中;而except 多放在句中蒋情。此外, except 前幾乎總有all, any,every, no 及其復合詞。
He answered all the questions except the last one.
除最后一個問題沒有回答外, 其余所有問題他都回答了耸携。
I have a few friends besides you.
除了你之外, 我還有幾個朋友棵癣。
3)except for 表示“除了……”之意, 它所敘述的事實或細節(jié)部分用來修正句子的主要意思。
The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
這篇作文寫得很好, 只是有些拼寫錯誤夺衍。
Your coat is good except for its color.
你的外套很好, 就是顏色不太好狈谊。
注意: 當except 用于句首時, 后面往往要加上for。
Except for this, everything is in good order.
=Everything is in good order except this.
除此之外, 一切正常沟沙。
(3)except 和but/other than 都可接名詞河劝、代詞、動名詞, 可以互換;但except 后接副詞矛紫、介詞短語赎瞎、when 從句等時, but/other than 不可替換except。
He has always been in high spirits except recently.
除近來外, 他總是精神飽滿颊咬。(副詞)
The window is never opened except in summer.
除夏季外, 這扇窗戶從不打開务甥。(介詞短語)
He has always been busy except when it is Sunday.
除星期日外, 他總是很忙。(when 從句)
(4)but, except 后都可接that 從句作賓語喳篇。
I asked nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week. 我對他并無其他要求, 只要他每隔一周給我寫一封信敞临。
(5)以上講了besides 作介詞時的用法。另外, besides 還可用作副詞, 意為“in addition;also;moreover;furthermore(而且, 還有)”麸澜。
I don't want to go;besides, I am too tired.
我不想去挺尿。再說, 我也太累了。
This is my best suit;besides, I have two others.
這是我最好的一套衣服, 我另外還有兩套。
題組訓練 用except, except for, besides 填空
[38]I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing.
[39]I don't mind picking up your things from the store. Besides , the walk does me good.
[40]The car is nice except for the color.
2. for 與to 接后置的間接賓語
(1) buy/cook/fetch/find/get/make/order/save... + sth. + for +sb.
(2)bring/give/lend/offer/pay/pass/promise/read/return/send/show/tell/throw/write...+sth. +to+sb.
3. 形容詞后的for與to
英語中經常遇見一些形容詞與介詞for 或to 搭配编矾。這種搭配非常靈活, 現(xiàn)將幾種常見的搭配情況簡述如下:
(1)當形容詞被副詞too 或enough 修飾時, 其后只能用for熟史。
The shirt is too large for me.
這件襯衫對我來說太大了。
(2) 當側重于與別人比較, 有“對……而言” 之意時, 常用for窄俏。
Chinese is very difficult for me. I can't learn it.
中文對我來說太難了, 我學不會以故。
(3)當側重于主觀看法或感覺, 有“在……看來”之意時, 常用to。
Chinese is very difficult to me, but I'll try my best to learn it.
在我看來中文很難, 但是我會盡全力學習的裆操。
(4)如果無特定的語境, 則用for 或to 都可以。這時主要看說話者的態(tài)度, 若說話者側重第二條所述, 則用for;若說話者側重第三條所述, 則用to炉媒。
The text is very easy to/for me.
在我看來這篇課文很容易/這篇課文對我來說很容易踪区。
題組訓練 介詞填空
[41]These math problems are too difficult for me.
[42]The house is big enough for us two.
4. with 的用法
with 在英語中用法繁多, 在中學英語中也不例外, 因此成為高考熱點并不稀奇。其主要用法如下:
(1)表示“和……在一起, 和, 同, 跟”的意思吊骤。
Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their three small children.
史密斯夫婦帶著他們三個年幼的孩子都在那兒缎岗。
Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
你愿意和我們一起去看戲嗎?
You cannot see Mr. Johnson at the moment, as he is with the manager.
你此刻見不到約翰遜先生, 因為他和經理在一起。
(2)表示兩種事物之間的相應關系或齊頭并進的意思白粉。
With time passing by, they have grown into big boys and big girls.
隨著時間的流逝, 他們都長成大小伙子和大姑娘了传泊。
Temperatures vary with the time of the year.
溫度隨著時節(jié)而變化。
(3)表示“帶有”,表伴隨的意思鸭巴。
The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.
服務員端著一杯咖啡來了眷细。
(4)引導一個表示方式的狀語附加語。
The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.
那個陌生人說話帶外國口音鹃祖。
He looked at me with a frown. 他皺著眉頭看我溪椎。
(5)指原因或理由。
It is very stuffy in the room, with all the windows closed.
由于所有窗戶都關著, 屋子里非常悶恬口。
She was shivering with cold. 她冷得直發(fā)抖校读。
The small child trembled with fear. 那個小孩嚇得打哆嗦。
His face was red with anger. 他的臉氣得通紅祖能。
題組訓練 介詞填空
[43] With production up by 60% the company has had another excellent year.
[44]—What do you want to do with those old boxes?—To put things in when I move to the new flat.
5. by 的用法
(1)表示“不遲于(某時間)”的意思歉秫。
We have to be home by ten o'clock.
我們10 點鐘之前得到家。
(2)表示“在……期間(一段指明的時間)”的意思养铸。
They decided to travel by night. 他們決定在夜里行進雁芙。
(3)表示觸及或抓住人體或物體的某一部分。
He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊揭厚。
(4)表示“由于……;憑借……”的意思却特。
He succeeded by hard work.
他由于努力工作而成功了。
(5)含有“以……的幅度, 差……”的意思筛圆。
This one is shorter than the other by three inches.
這一個比另一個短三英寸裂明。
We lost the match by one goal. 我們以一球之差輸了那場比賽。
(6)表示買賣東西所按以計算的數(shù)或量, 或付酬所按以計算的時間。
Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen. 牛奶論品脫賣, 黃油論磅賣, 雞蛋論打賣闽晦。
(7)表示“按照……”或“根據(jù)……”的意思扳碍。
By my watch, the time is half past eleven.
按我的表, 現(xiàn)在是十一點半。
By the expression on his face, he seemed to be displeased.
從他的面部表情來看, 他似乎不高興仙蛉。
We shall get a storm before long by the look of the sky.
看天色, 暴風雨就要來了笋敞。
題組訓練 翻譯下列句子
[45]Can you finish the work by five o'clock?
你能在5 點鐘以前完成這項工作嗎?
[46]The bullet missed him by two inches.
那顆子彈差兩英寸就打中他了。
[47]We sell ice creams by the thousand in summer.
我們在夏天出售的冰激凌數(shù)以千計荠瘪。
6. beyond 的用法
(1)表示“(時間)過了, 比……晚, 遲于”夯巷。
They arrived beyond nine o'clock. 他們過了9 點才到。
He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.
他把那件事拖過了規(guī)定的時間哀墓。
(2)表示“(位置)在……的那邊, 在……以外”趁餐。
The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那個小村莊在離城20 英里以外的地方。
The village is beyond the mountain. 村莊在山的那邊篮绰。
These students came from beyond the seas.
這些學生來自海外后雷。
(3)表示“(范圍)超過, 為……所不及”。
This book is beyond me. 這本書我看不懂吠各。
He is living beyond his income. 他的生活入不敷出臀突。
Her work is beyond praise. 她的工作令人贊不絕口。
Good health is beyond price. 健康的身體是無價之寶贾漏。
It was a case beyond the doctor's skill.
那位醫(yī)生治不了這種病候学。
題組訓練 介詞填空
[48] Sorry, Madam. You'd better come tomorrow because it's beyond the visiting hours.
7. 名詞與介詞的固定搭配
1)要求用to 的名詞: access, approach, attention, key, answer, apology, introduction, attitude, monument, devotion, journey, entrance, note, visit 等。
2)要求用in 的名詞: interest, expert, pride, trouble 等磕瓷。
3)要求用on 的名詞: congratulations, effect, influence 等盒齿。
4)要求用其他介詞的名詞: prize(for),respect(for),victory(over),struggle(with),excuse(for),(for)fear(of),(on)condition that 等。
5)to 與情感名詞連用, 表示“某種行動后產生的感覺”困食。
to+one's+{ delight / surprise / horror / sorrow / joy / regret }=to the { delight / surprise / horror / sorrow / joy / regret } of sb.
這種表達法表示結果, 用作狀語, 位于句前边翁、句中、句后皆可, 意為“使某人……的是”硕盹。為了強調, 可在to 前面加much符匾。
題組訓練 用適當?shù)慕樵~填空
[49] In order to change attitudes to employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.
[50]I sent them my sincere congratulations on their marriage.
[51] To my anger, all of them went to the cinema without me.
8. about, on, of
about 指泛泛地或非正式地談論某事, 其談論的內容也較為普通;而on 則指比較有系統(tǒng)地或理論性較強地論述某事, 其論述的內容較正式或較嚴肅。在與tell, read, know, think 等動詞連用時, of 側重于粗略涉及, 而about 涉及的情況則詳細得多瘩例。如:
He wrote on mathematics. 他撰寫數(shù)學著作啊胶。
He wrote about the school. 他編寫有關這所學校的情況。
It is a book on birds. 那是一本論及鳥類的書垛贤。(可能是一本學術著作)
It is a book about birds. 那是一本關于鳥的書焰坪。(可能是一本供小孩看的關于鳥類的故事書)
I know of him. 我對他有所了解。(只是大致了解)
9. 記憶以下句子
The shirts are different in color. 這些襯衫顏色不同聘惦。
The shirt looks beautiful on you. = You look beautiful in the shirt. 這件襯衫穿在你身上很漂亮/你穿上這件襯衫很漂亮某饰。
Your account is far from (being)true/is far from(nowhere near/not anywhere near )the truth. 你所說的遠非事實。
Papering the ceiling proved next to ( = almost) impossible without a ladder. 要裱糊天花板沒有梯子可以說是辦不到。
Birmingham is the largest city in Britain next to London.
在英國, 伯明翰是僅次于倫敦的最大城市黔漂。
七诫尽、常考介詞短語
1. 介詞與名詞的常用搭配
(1)at+n. 表示狀態(tài)
at a loss 不知所措
at breakfast 早餐時
at peace 處于和平中
at rest 靜止, 不動
at sea 在海上, 在航海
at war 在戰(zhàn)爭中
at work 在工作
(2)at+n. 表示時間
at Christmas 在圣誕節(jié)
at dusk 在黃昏
at dawn 在黎明
at daybreak 在拂曉
at midnight 在午夜
at night 在夜里
at noon 在正午
at present 目前
at sunrise 日出時
(3)以at 開頭組成的短語
at the beginning of 在……的開始
at the cost of 以……的代價
at the end of 在……的盡頭
at the foot of 在……腳下
at the mercy of 在……支配下;任由……擺布
at the price of 以……的價格
at the risk of 冒……的危險
at the sight of 一看到……就……
(4)on+n. 表示狀態(tài)
on a trip/journey/tour 在旅行
on display 陳列
on duty/guard 在值班/警戒中
on exhibition 在展出
on fire 著火
on holiday/vacation 在度假
on line 在工作(或運行) on sale 出售, 打折
on show 在展出
on the decrease 在減少
on the go 在忙碌中
on the increase 在增加
on the march 在進行中
on the way 在途中
on trial 在受審
(5)以on 開頭的介詞短語
on account of 因為
on behalf of 代表
on condition that 在……的條件下, 如果
on no account/condition/occasion 決不
on the basis of 以……為基礎
on the occasion of 在……時
(6)by+n. 表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飛機
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by force 用暴力
by hand 用手工
by mistake 錯誤地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
by radio 通過收音機
by telegraph 以電報形式
by weight/volume/size/number 按重量/體積/大小/數(shù)量
(7)in+n. 表示方式
in cash 用現(xiàn)金付款
in width 在寬度上
in depth 在深度上
in detail 詳細地
in English 用英語
in height 在海拔上
in length 在長度上
in ink 用墨水
in shape 在外形上
in size 在大小上
(8)in+n. 表示狀態(tài)
in anger 生氣地
in battle 在戰(zhàn)斗中
in bed 在床上
in comfort 舒適地
in danger 處于危險中
in debt 負債
in delight 高興地
in despair 絕望
in difficulty 處于困難中
in doubt 不確定, 拿不準
in fear 在恐懼中
in high spirits 情緒高昂地
in need 需要
in order 就緒
in peace 平靜地, 平安地
in practice 在實踐中
in print 已出版
in prison 在獄中
in public 公開地
in rags 穿著破爛
in ruins 成為廢墟
in secret 秘密地
in silence 沉默著
in space 在太空中
in surprise 驚奇地
in trouble 在困難中
in use 使用中
in view 看得見
in wonder 驚奇地
(9)以in 開頭構成的介詞短語
in the face of 面對
in addition to 另外
in case of 萬一;如果;假如
in celebration of 為慶拙媸兀……
in charge of 掌管……
in consequence of 由于……
in contrast to 與……相比
in control of 管理;控制;操縱
in exchange for 作為交換
in favor of 支持, 贊成
in fear of 害怕
in front of 在……前面(外部)
in honour of 為向……表示敬意
in memory of 為了紀念……
in need of 需要
in no case 決不
in no time 立刻
in no way 決不
in place of 代替
in possession of 擁有, 占有
in praise of 表揚
in preparation for 為……做準備
in respect of 關于
in response to 作為回應
in return 作為回報
in spite of 盡管
in support of 為支持……
in the charge of 在……的管理下
in the direction of 在……方向
in the front of 在……前面(內部)
in the habit of 有……習慣
in the hope of 抱著……的希望
in the middle of 在……中間
(10)of+n. 表示特征(等于相應的形容詞)
of benefit 有益處的
of help 有幫助的
of importance 重要的
of interest 有趣的
of significance 有意義的
of use 有用的
of value 有價值的
(11)out of+n. 表示狀態(tài)
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上氣不接下氣
out of business 停業(yè), 歇業(yè)
out of control 不受控制
out of danger 脫離危險
out of date 過期
out of debt 不欠債
out of fashion 不流行
out of luck 不走運
out of mind 發(fā)狂
out of office 在野
out of order 出故障
out of patience 不耐煩
out of season 過季
out of shape 走樣, 不成形
out of sight 看不到
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫無疑問
out of trouble 擺脫困難
out of work 失業(yè)
(12)under+n. 表示被動
under attack 遭到襲擊
under consideration 在考慮中
under construction 在建造中
under control 處于控制之中
under discussion 在討論中
under pressure 在壓力下
under repair 在修理中
under treatment 在治療中
under way 在進行中
(13)以under 開頭的短語
under the care of...在……的看護下
under the command of...在……的統(tǒng)帥之下
under the control of...在……控制下
under the direction of...在……指導下
under the influence of...在……影響下
under the protection of...在……的庇護下
under the treatment of...由……治療
under the leadership of...在……的領導下
(14)with+n. 表示方式
with anger 生氣地
with confidence 有信心地
with courage 英勇地
with delight/joy 高興地
with difficulty 困難地
with ease 輕而易舉地
with fear 害怕地
with interest 有興趣地
with pleasure 樂意地
with pride 驕傲地
with satisfaction 滿意地
with success 成功地
with kindness 親切地
(15)beyond+n. 表示“超出……,難以……”
beyond compare 無與倫比
beyond comprehension 難以理解
beyond control 失控
beyond description 難以描述
beyond doubt 不用懷疑, 確實
beyond expression 難以表達
beyond measure 非常;極其
beyond question 無可爭辯;毋庸置疑
beyond reach 夠不到
beyond words 難以表達
beyond one's wildest dreams 做夢都沒想到, 遠遠出乎所料
2. 形容詞與介詞的常用搭配
(1)adj.+about
be anxious about 憂慮……
be careful about 小心……
be concerned about 擔心……
be curious about 對……好奇
be excited about 對……感到興奮
be particular about 對……講究/挑剔
be serious about 對……認真
be sorry about 對……感到抱歉
be sure about 對……有把握
be upset about 對……感覺不高興
be worried about 對……擔心
(2)adj.+at
be angry at 惱怒于
be astonished at 對……吃驚
be bad at 不擅長
be delighted at 因……而高興
be disappointed at 對……失望
be good at 擅長
be present at 出席
be skilled at 在……方面很熟練
be surprised at 對……吃驚
(3)adj.+in
be absorbed in 專注于
be active in 積極于
be confident in 對……有信心
be diligent in 勤于
be dressed in 穿著……
be engaged in 忙于……
be excellent in 在……方面優(yōu)秀
be experienced in 在……方面有經驗
be expert in 擅長
be interested in 對……感興趣
be involved in 包括在……中, 被卷入
be lacking in 缺乏
be occupied in 忙于……
be rich in 富有……
be slow in 遲遲不……
be strong in 擅長
be successful in 在……成功
be weak in 不擅長
(4)adj.+for
be anxious for 急切盼望, 渴望
be eager for 渴望
be famous for 以……著名
be fit for 適合, 勝任
be good for 對……有益
be hungry for 渴望
be late for 遲到
be prepared for 為……做好準備
be ready for 準備好……
be sorry for 對……感到抱歉
be thankful for 因……而感激
be unfit for 不適合, 不勝任
(5)adj.+from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 遠離
be free from 不受……影響
be safe from 免受……的傷害
(6)adj.+to
be blind to 對……是盲目的
be close to 接近
be contrary to 與……相反
be deaf to 不愿意聽
be devoted to 致力于……
be equal to 等于……
be fair to 對……公平
be familiar to 對……來說熟悉
be friendly to 對……友好
be good to 對……好
be grateful to 對……心存感激
be harmful to 對……有危害
be important to 對……重要
be kind to 對……友好
be known to 為……所熟知
be married to 與……結婚
be necessary to 對……有必要
be opposed to 反對
be opposite to 與……對立
be polite to 對……有禮貌
be rude to 對……無禮
be second to 次于
be similar to 與……相似
be thankful to 感激
be useful to 對……有用
be/get used to 習慣于……
(7)adj.+of
be afraid of 害怕
be ashamed of 為……感到羞恥
be aware of 意識到
be capable of 能夠
be composed of 由……組成
be fond of 喜歡
be full of 充滿
be proud of 因……而自豪
be short of 短缺
be sure/certain of 堅信, 確信
be tired of 厭煩
be worthy of 值得
be/get rid of 除去, 擺脫
(8)adj.+with
by angry with(sb.)對(某人)發(fā)怒
be busy with 忙于
be combined with 與……結合
be concerned with 與……有關;涉及, 關心, 關注
be connected with 與……有關
be content with 對……滿意
be covered with 被……覆蓋
be crowded with 充滿……
be familiar with 對……熟悉
be filled with 充滿
be patient with 對……有耐心
be pleased with 對……感到滿意
be popular with 受……的歡迎
be satisfied with 對……滿意
be sick with 患……病
3. 其他常用短語
according to 根據(jù)
along with 隨著
together with 連同
because of 因為
but for 要不是
next to 在……隔壁
owing to 因為
up to 直到;由……而定
by means of 借助于
by way of 經由, 經過(某地);作為
for fear of 唯恐
for the good of 為了……的利益
for lack of 因為缺乏
for the purpose of 為了……
for the sake of 為了……起見
for life 一生, 終身
題組訓練 用適當?shù)慕樵~填空
[52] I am lucky. I have my dad in my life and we have a great relationship. Today he's on the way to being a second grandpa and is as proud as he can be.
[53] (2014 北京, 23) Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.
[54] ( 2014 天津, 6 ) Besides the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
[55]The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.
[56]Fred, who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry on his mind.
