原文
Everybody loves a fat pay rise.① Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. ②Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.③ Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ④But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it it all too monkey, as well.⑤

第一句 ①

Everybody loves a fat pay rise.

人人都酷愛豐厚的工資

• pay：在這里指工資
• rise：上漲
• pay rise：加薪
• fat：adj. 肥胖的侧到，多脂的
  • adj.(尤其金錢) 豐厚的，大額的
    • Banker's fat pay packets
    • Make fat profits by corruption
  • n.脂肪
    • Eggs have a high amount of fat content.

第二句 ②

Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.

然而，如果當(dāng)你得知一位同事比你的加薪更為豐厚時(shí)梁棠，你的快樂就會(huì)消失的無影無蹤了障般。

句子成分

主從復(fù)合句

Yet pleasure[主語] at your own[定語] can vanish[謂語] if ... [原因狀語從句]

you[主語] learn[謂語] that a colleague has been given a bigger one[賓語從句]

pleasure at your own 省略了中心名詞，就是上文中的 fat pay rise

a bigger one. 這里的one是一個(gè)回執(zhí)詞被饿，指上文中的 fat pay rise

詞匯分析

• Yet：這里相當(dāng)于But医咨，呈上轉(zhuǎn)折。

• Pleasure: n.快樂灰追；希望堵幽；娛樂；令人高興的事 vi. 使高興弹澎；使?jié)M意 vt. 高興朴下；尋歡作樂

• Vanish v.突然消失。強(qiáng)調(diào)消失的迅速

• disappear：消失

• fade：褪色裁奇；逐漸消失

• learn：了解到桐猬、得知

• colleague：同事

第三句③

Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.

事實(shí)上，如果他還有懶惰的名聲刽肠，你甚至可能會(huì)義憤填膺溃肪。

has a reputation for = be famous for = be well known for

Slacking brings/earns sb a bad reputation. 懶惰帶來的不好的名聲

Keep one's reputation with good behavior. 用善心保持名聲

even：表示情緒的進(jìn)一步遞進(jìn)

詞匯分析

• 事實(shí)上
  • Indeed: 事實(shí)上表遞進(jìn)
  • in fact：事實(shí)上免胃，表轉(zhuǎn)折。一般放于句首
  • in effect：實(shí)際上(規(guī)律,法律等)生效,有效,在實(shí)行中（一般用于句中）
• Reputation：名聲
• slack：這里指懶惰的惫撰、散漫的（等同于lazy）
  • a. 松弛的羔沙；懶惰的、散漫的
    • The rope went slack.
    • The muscle went slack
    • Sb is slack
    • a slack person
    • A slack person can naver succeed
  • v. 懶惰
    • Sb slacks
    • Be accused of slacking
• Slacken v.使減慢厨钻、使松懈
  • slacken off 松懈
    • Worker's productivity slackens off after Wednesday.
• Outraged: out - rage 使震怒
  • be outraged by sth
    • Chinese people are outraged by Trump's tough/aggressive policies on trade. 中國(guó)人們被特朗普強(qiáng)硬的貿(mào)易政策激怒了扼雏。
  • n. 義憤、震怒 provoke one's outrage
    • Trump's tough/aggressive policies on trade provoke Chinese people outrage.
• rage：非常生氣

第四句④

Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.

這樣的行為被認(rèn)為是“人之常情”夯膀，它潛在的假設(shè)是其他動(dòng)物不具有這種敏銳的不平意識(shí)诗充。

句子成分

1. 找謂語、配主語
2. 找連詞诱建、謂減一 and/or/but/that/which/what/when/if/because/while/though/although
3. 分主從蝴蜓、理修飾

Such behaviour[主語] is regarded as[謂語] "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals[主語] would not be capable of[謂語] this finely developed sense of grievance.

that后的同位語從句，修飾名詞assumption

Such behaviour：回執(zhí)前句總?cè)祟惖墓揭庾R(shí)

all too human：人類特有的特征（太 + n, n特有的特征）俺猿，人之常情茎匠。all too = very

詞匯分析

• Underlying：v. 構(gòu)成...的基礎(chǔ)、是...原因 . under-lie的現(xiàn)在分詞

  • factors that under-lie globalization押袍。全球化背后的因素
  • Underlying cause：潛在的原因
    • Unemployment is th underlying cause of crims.失業(yè)是多種犯罪潛在的原因

• under

  • 方位的下
    • underline：vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào)诵冒。n.下劃線
    • undermine：(mine 采礦) 逐漸破壞、逐漸削弱
  • 程度等級(jí)的下
    • undergradnate：在讀本科生
    • Under-pay：支付工資不足

• assume v.假設(shè)

  • Sb assumed that---
  • have/hold an assumption that

• underlying assumption：潛在假設(shè)

• Finely: adv. 精密地谊惭、精細(xì)地

• Developed：adj 發(fā)達(dá)的汽馋；進(jìn)化而來的

  • The developed country
  • Under-developed country

• sense：情感，情緒 = feeling

• finely developed：近義詞修飾

  • Innovation is very important.：創(chuàng)新非常重要
  • Significant/essential/crucial 午笛，表示重要的形容詞
  • Significantly/essentially/crucially惭蟋，加上ly變成副詞，可以修飾形容詞
  • Innovation is essentially important.
  • Innovation is essentially significant.

• Grievance: 不滿药磺、委屈

• Grieve v.傷心 悲痛

  • grieve for/over sth

• Grief n.悲痛，極度悲傷

• Grievance < Grieve < Grief

• Grave：a.重大的煤伟，嚴(yán)重的 n.墳?zāi)?/p>

• Gravity: 重力癌佩，引力

第五句⑤

But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it it all too monkey, as well.

但是由佐治亞州亞特蘭大埃默里大學(xué)的薩拉·布魯斯南和弗蘭斯·德·瓦爾進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究表明這也是“猴之常情”，這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果剛剛發(fā)表于《自然》雜志上便锨。

句子成分

1. 找謂語：has just been published, suggests, is
2. 連接詞：which, that
3. 分主從：which, that引導(dǎo)從句围辙，a study...suggests...是句子的主干

which：定語從句

that：賓語從句

?

詞匯分析

• Suggests：
  • 建議，提議放案；引出人物的觀點(diǎn) = propose = advice
    • 不能使用suggest to do 的形式姚建，建議什么就在后面加什么。
      • I suggest a meeting
    • 建議做什么可以使用that從句吱殉，但是that從句中要使用虛擬語氣掸冤。
      • that we should have a meeting
  • 表明厘托，顯示；引出研究結(jié)論
    • that后加從句不用虛擬語氣稿湿，如本文中的句子
  • 暗示铅匹、暗指：推理引申
    • 也可加that從句，不使用虛擬語氣饺藤。

總結(jié)

批駁立意 underlying assumption vs But a study...suggests

類比開篇 all to human → all to monkey

段落主旨：由人類的公平意思引出主題“猴子也有公平意識(shí)”