個人專題目錄
四痹愚、Web開發(fā)
1、簡介
使用SpringBoot;
1)、創(chuàng)建SpringBoot應(yīng)用梧油,選中我們需要的模塊;
2)州邢、SpringBoot已經(jīng)默認將這些場景配置好了儡陨,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以運行起來
3)、自己編寫業(yè)務(wù)代碼量淌;
自動配置原理骗村?
這個場景SpringBoot幫我們配置了什么?能不能修改呀枢?能修改哪些配置胚股?能不能擴展?xxx
xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫我們給容器中自動配置組件裙秋;
xxxxProperties:配置類來封裝配置文件的內(nèi)容琅拌;
2、SpringBoot對靜態(tài)資源的映射規(guī)則摘刑;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//可以設(shè)置和靜態(tài)資源有關(guān)的參數(shù)进宝,緩存時間等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
//靜態(tài)資源文件夾映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
//配置歡迎頁映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//配置喜歡的圖標
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//所有 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}
==1)、所有 /webjars/** 枷恕,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找資源党晋;==
webjars:以jar包的方式引入靜態(tài)資源;
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在訪問的時候只需要寫webjars下面資源的名稱即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
==2)、"/**" 訪問當前項目的任何資源未玻,都去(靜態(tài)資源的文件夾)找映射==
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":當前項目的根路徑
localhost:8080/abc === 去靜態(tài)資源文件夾里面找abc
==3)灾而、歡迎頁; 靜態(tài)資源文件夾下的所有index.html頁面深胳;被"/**"映射绰疤;==
localhost:8080/ 找index頁面
==4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在靜態(tài)資源文件下找舞终;==
3轻庆、模板引擎
JSP、Velocity敛劝、Freemarker余爆、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推薦的Thymeleaf;
語法更簡單夸盟,功能更強大蛾方;
1、引入thymeleaf上陕;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
2.1.6
</dependency>
切換thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 -->
<!-- thymeleaf2 layout1-->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>
2桩砰、Thymeleaf使用
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
//
只要我們把HTML頁面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自動渲染释簿;
使用:
1亚隅、導(dǎo)入thymeleaf的名稱空間
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
2、使用thymeleaf語法庶溶;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功煮纵!</h1>
<!--th:text 將div里面的文本內(nèi)容設(shè)置為 -->
<div th:text="${hello}">這是顯示歡迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>
3、語法規(guī)則
1)偏螺、th:text行疏;改變當前元素里面的文本內(nèi)容;
th:任意html屬性套像;來替換原生屬性的值
2)酿联、表達式?
Simple expressions:(表達式語法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:獲取變量值凉夯;OGNL货葬;
1)、獲取對象的屬性劲够、調(diào)用方法
2)、使用內(nèi)置的基本對象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)休傍、內(nèi)置的一些工具對象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:選擇表達式:和${}在功能上是一樣征绎;
補充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:獲取國際化內(nèi)容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定義URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表達式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(數(shù)學(xué)運算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布爾運算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比較運算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:條件運算(三元運算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _
4、SpringMVC自動配置
1. Spring MVC auto-configuration
Spring Boot 自動配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot對SpringMVC的默認配置:==(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)==
-
Inclusion of
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
andBeanNameViewResolver
beans.- 自動配置了ViewResolver(視圖解析器:根據(jù)方法的返回值得到視圖對象(View)人柿,視圖對象決定如何渲染(轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)柴墩?重定向?))
- ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:組合所有的視圖解析器的凫岖;
- ==如何定制:我們可以自己給容器中添加一個視圖解析器江咳;自動的將其組合進來;==
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).靜態(tài)資源文件夾路徑,webjars
Static
index.html
support. 靜態(tài)首頁訪問Custom
Favicon
support (see below). favicon.ico
-
自動注冊了 of
Converter
,GenericConverter
,Formatter
beans.- Converter:轉(zhuǎn)換器哥放; public String hello(User user):類型轉(zhuǎn)換使用Converter
-
Formatter
格式化器歼指; 2017.12.17===Date;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的規(guī)則
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化組件
}
==自己添加的格式化器轉(zhuǎn)換器甥雕,我們只需要放在容器中即可==
-
Support for
HttpMessageConverters
(see below).HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用來轉(zhuǎn)換Http請求和響應(yīng)的踩身;User---Json;
-
HttpMessageConverters
是從容器中確定社露;獲取所有的HttpMessageConverter挟阻;==自己給容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要將自己的組件注冊容器中(@Bean,@Component)==
Automatic registration of
MessageCodesResolver
(see below).定義錯誤代碼生成規(guī)則-
Automatic use of a
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (see below).==我們可以配置一個ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer來替換默認的峭弟;(添加到容器)==
初始化WebDataBinder附鸽; 請求數(shù)據(jù)=====JavaBean;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自動場景瞒瘸;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration
class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
, but without @EnableWebMvc
. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping
, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter
instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration
annotated with @EnableWebMvc
.
2坷备、擴展SpringMVC
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
==編寫一個配置類(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter類型挨务;不能標注@EnableWebMvc==;
既保留了所有的自動配置击你,也能用我們擴展的配置;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發(fā)送 /test 請求來到 success
registry.addViewController("/test").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理:
1)谎柄、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自動配置類
2)丁侄、在做其他自動配置時會導(dǎo)入;@Import(**EnableWebMvcConfiguration**.class)
@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
//從容器中獲取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
//一個參考實現(xiàn)朝巫;將所有的WebMvcConfigurer相關(guān)配置都來一起調(diào)用鸿摇;
@Override
// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
// }
}
}
}
3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都會一起起作用劈猿;
4)拙吉、我們的配置類也會被調(diào)用;
效果:SpringMVC的自動配置和我們的擴展配置都會起作用揪荣;
3筷黔、全面接管SpringMVC;
SpringBoot對SpringMVC的自動配置不需要了仗颈,所有都是我們自己配置佛舱;所有的SpringMVC的自動配置都失效了
我們需要在配置類中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發(fā)送 /test 請求來到 success
registry.addViewController("/test").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理:
為什么@EnableWebMvc自動配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)请祖、
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)订歪、
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中沒有這個組件的時候,這個自動配置類才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)肆捕、@EnableWebMvc將WebMvcConfigurationSupport組件導(dǎo)入進來刷晋;
5)、導(dǎo)入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能慎陵;
5眼虱、如何修改SpringBoot的默認配置
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自動配置很多組件的時候荆姆,先看容器中有沒有用戶自己配置的(@Bean蒙幻、@Component)如果有就用用戶配置的,如果沒有胆筒,才自動配置邮破;如果有些組件可以有多個(ViewResolver)將用戶配置的和自己默認的組合起來;
2)仆救、在SpringBoot中會有非常多的xxxConfigurer幫助我們進行擴展配置
3)抒和、在SpringBoot中會有很多的xxxCustomizer幫助我們進行定制配置
6、RestfulCRUD
1)彤蔽、默認訪問首頁
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴展SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發(fā)送 /test 請求來到 success
registry.addViewController("/test").setViewName("success");
}
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一起起作用
@Bean //將組件注冊在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
}
2)摧莽、國際化
1)、編寫國際化配置文件顿痪;
2)镊辕、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理國際化資源文件
3)、在頁面使用fmt:message取出國際化內(nèi)容
步驟:
1)蚁袭、編寫國際化配置文件征懈,抽取頁面需要顯示的國際化消息
2)、SpringBoot自動配置好了管理國際化資源文件的組件揩悄;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
/**
* Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath
* location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
* slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
* "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
*/
private String basename = "messages";
//我們的配置文件可以直接放在類路徑下叫messages.properties卖哎;
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
//設(shè)置國際化資源文件的基礎(chǔ)名(去掉語言國家代碼的)
messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
}
if (this.encoding != null) {
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
}
messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
return messageSource;
}
3)、去頁面獲取國際化的值删性;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
</label>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">? 2017-2018</p>
<a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
</form>
</body>
</html>
效果:根據(jù)瀏覽器語言設(shè)置的信息切換了國際化亏娜;
原理:
國際化Locale(區(qū)域信息對象);LocaleResolver(獲取區(qū)域信息對象)蹬挺;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
if (this.mvcProperties
.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
}
AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
return localeResolver;
}
默認的就是根據(jù)請求頭帶來的區(qū)域信息獲取Locale進行國際化
4)维贺、點擊鏈接切換國際化
/**
* 可以在連接上攜帶區(qū)域信息
*/
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
String l = request.getParameter("l");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
String[] split = l.split("_");
locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
}
return locale;
}
@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {
}
}
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}
}
3)、登陸
開發(fā)期間模板引擎頁面修改以后巴帮,要實時生效
1)幸缕、禁用模板引擎的緩存
# 禁用緩存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
2)群发、頁面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新編譯晰韵;
登陸錯誤消息的顯示
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
4)发乔、攔截器進行登陸檢查
攔截器
/**
* 登陸檢查,
*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//目標方法執(zhí)行之前
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if(user == null){
//未登陸雪猪,返回登陸頁面
request.setAttribute("msg","沒有權(quán)限請先登陸");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
return false;
}else{
//已登陸栏尚,放行請求
return true;
}
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
注冊攔截器
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一起起作用
@Bean //將組件注冊在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
}
//注冊攔截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
//super.addInterceptors(registry);
//靜態(tài)資源; *.css , *.js
//SpringBoot已經(jīng)做好了靜態(tài)資源映射
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
5)只恨、CRUD-員工列表
實驗要求:
1)译仗、RestfulCRUD:CRUD滿足Rest風(fēng)格;
URI: /資源名稱/資源標識 HTTP請求方式區(qū)分對資源CRUD操作
普通CRUD(uri來區(qū)分操作) | RestfulCRUD | |
---|---|---|
查詢 | getEmp | emp---GET |
添加 | addEmp?xxx | emp---POST |
修改 | updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx | emp/{id}---PUT |
刪除 | deleteEmp?id=1 | emp/{id}---DELETE |
2)官觅、實驗的請求架構(gòu);
實驗功能 | 請求URI | 請求方式 |
---|---|---|
查詢所有員工 | emps | GET |
查詢某個員工(來到修改頁面) | emp/1 | GET |
來到添加頁面 | emp | GET |
添加員工 | emp | POST |
來到修改頁面(查出員工進行信息回顯) | emp/1 | GET |
修改員工 | emp | PUT |
刪除員工 | emp/1 | DELETE |
3)纵菌、員工列表:
thymeleaf公共頁面元素抽取
1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
2休涤、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::選擇器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
3咱圆、默認效果:
insert的公共片段在div標簽中
如果使用th:insert等屬性進行引入,可以不用寫~{}:
行內(nèi)寫法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})]功氨;
三種引入公共片段的th屬性:
th:insert:將公共片段整個插入到聲明引入的元素中
th:replace:將聲明引入的元素替換為公共片段
th:include:將被引入的片段的內(nèi)容包含進這個標簽中
<footer th:fragment="copy">
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
效果
<div>
<footer>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
</div>
<footer>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
<div>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
引入片段的時候傳入?yún)?shù):
<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-sticky">
<ul class="nav flex-column">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active"
th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
<path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
<polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
</svg>
Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
</a>
</li>
<!--引入側(cè)邊欄;傳入?yún)?shù)-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>
6)序苏、CRUD-員工添加
添加頁面
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@test.com">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>
提交的數(shù)據(jù)格式不對:生日:日期;
2017-12-12捷凄;2017/12/12忱详;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化跺涤;SpringMVC將頁面提交的值需要轉(zhuǎn)換為指定的類型;
2017-12-12---Date匈睁; 類型轉(zhuǎn)換,格式化;
默認日期是按照/的方式桶错;
7)航唆、CRUD-員工修改
修改添加二合一表單
<!--需要區(qū)分是員工修改還是添加;-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
<!--發(fā)送put請求修改員工數(shù)據(jù)-->
<!--
1牛曹、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自動配置好的)
2佛点、頁面創(chuàng)建一個post表單
3、創(chuàng)建一個input項黎比,name="_method";值就是我們指定的請求方式
-->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@test.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<!--提交的是部門的id-->
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
</form>
8)超营、CRUD-員工刪除
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
<td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
<td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
<td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">編輯</a>
<button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">刪除</button>
</td>
</tr>
<script>
$(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
//刪除當前員工的
$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
return false;
});
</script>
7、錯誤處理機制
1)阅虫、SpringBoot默認的錯誤處理機制
默認效果:
1)演闭、瀏覽器,返回一個默認的錯誤頁面
瀏覽器發(fā)送請求的請求頭:
2)颓帝、如果是其他客戶端米碰,默認響應(yīng)一個json數(shù)據(jù)

原理:
可以參照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration窝革;錯誤處理的自動配置;
給容器中添加了以下組件
1吕座、DefaultErrorAttributes:
幫我們在頁面共享信息虐译;
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
return errorAttributes;
}
2、BasicErrorController:處理默認/error請求
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//產(chǎn)生html類型的數(shù)據(jù)吴趴;瀏覽器發(fā)送的請求來到這個方法處理
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
//去哪個頁面作為錯誤頁面漆诽;包含頁面地址和頁面內(nèi)容
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody //產(chǎn)生json數(shù)據(jù),其他客戶端來到這個方法處理锣枝;
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}
3厢拭、ErrorPageCustomizer:
@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; 系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)錯誤以后來到error請求進行處理;(web.xml注冊的錯誤頁面規(guī)則)
4撇叁、DefaultErrorViewResolver:
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
//默認SpringBoot可以去找到一個頁面供鸠? error/404
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
//模板引擎可以解析這個頁面地址就用模板引擎解析
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
//模板引擎可用的情況下返回到errorViewName指定的視圖地址
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
//模板引擎不可用,就在靜態(tài)資源文件夾下找errorViewName對應(yīng)的頁面 error/404.html
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}
步驟:
一但系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)4xx或者5xx之類的錯誤陨闹;ErrorPageCustomizer就會生效(定制錯誤的響應(yīng)規(guī)則)楞捂;就會來到/error請求;就會被**BasicErrorController**處理正林;
1)響應(yīng)頁面泡一;去哪個頁面是由**DefaultErrorViewResolver**解析得到的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
2)觅廓、如果定制錯誤響應(yīng):
1)鼻忠、如何定制錯誤的頁面;
**1)杈绸、有模板引擎的情況下帖蔓;error/狀態(tài)碼;** 【將錯誤頁面命名為 錯誤狀態(tài)碼.html 放在模板引擎文件夾里面的 error文件夾下】,發(fā)生此狀態(tài)碼的錯誤就會來到 對應(yīng)的頁面瞳脓;
我們可以使用4xx和5xx作為錯誤頁面的文件名來匹配這種類型的所有錯誤塑娇,精確優(yōu)先(優(yōu)先尋找精確的狀態(tài)碼.html);
頁面能獲取的信息劫侧;
timestamp:時間戳
status:狀態(tài)碼
error:錯誤提示
exception:異常對象
message:異常消息
errors:JSR303數(shù)據(jù)校驗的錯誤都在這里
2)埋酬、沒有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到這個錯誤頁面),靜態(tài)資源文件夾下找烧栋;
3)写妥、以上都沒有錯誤頁面,就是默認來到SpringBoot默認的錯誤提示頁面审姓;
2)珍特、如何定制錯誤的json數(shù)據(jù);
1)魔吐、自定義異常處理&返回定制json數(shù)據(jù)扎筒;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
return map;
}
}
//沒有自適應(yīng)效果...
2)莱找、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到/error進行自適應(yīng)響應(yīng)效果處理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//傳入我們自己的錯誤狀態(tài)碼 4xx 5xx执解,否則就不會進入定制錯誤頁面的解析流程
/**
* Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
*/
request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
//轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到/error
return "forward:/error";
}
3)啊鸭、將我們的定制數(shù)據(jù)攜帶出去;
出現(xiàn)錯誤以后埃元,會來到/error請求症脂,會被BasicErrorController處理谚赎,響應(yīng)出去可以獲取的數(shù)據(jù)是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)規(guī)定的方法);
1诱篷、完全來編寫一個ErrorController的實現(xiàn)類【或者是編寫AbstractErrorController的子類】,放在容器中雳灵;
2棕所、頁面上能用的數(shù)據(jù),或者是json返回能用的數(shù)據(jù)都是通過errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到悯辙;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes()琳省;默認進行數(shù)據(jù)處理的;
自定義ErrorAttributes
//給容器中加入我們自己定義的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
map.put("company","test");
return map;
}
}
最終的效果:響應(yīng)是自適應(yīng)的躲撰,可以通過定制ErrorAttributes改變需要返回的內(nèi)容针贬,
8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器
SpringBoot默認使用Tomcat作為嵌入式的Servlet容器拢蛋;
問題桦他?
1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相關(guān)配置谆棱;
1快压、修改和server有關(guān)的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud
server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8
//通用的Servlet容器設(shè)置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的設(shè)置
server.tomcat.xxx
2垃瞧、編寫一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器蔫劣;來修改Servlet容器的配置
@Bean //一定要將這個定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
//定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相關(guān)的規(guī)則
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
container.setPort(8083);
}
};
}
2)、注冊Servlet三大組件【Servlet个从、Filter脉幢、Listener】
由于SpringBoot默認是以jar包的方式啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器來啟動SpringBoot的web應(yīng)用,沒有web.xml文件嗦锐。
注冊三大組件用以下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
//注冊三大組件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
return registrationBean;
}
FilterRegistrationBean
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
return registrationBean;
}
ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
return registrationBean;
}
SpringBoot幫我們自動SpringMVC的時候嫌松,自動的注冊SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet意推;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
//默認攔截: / 所有請求豆瘫;包靜態(tài)資源,但是不攔截jsp請求菊值; /*會攔截jsp
//可以通過server.servletPath來修改SpringMVC前端控制器默認攔截的請求路徑
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(
this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
}
return registration;
}
2)外驱、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器育灸;
3)、替換為其他嵌入式Servlet容器
默認支持:
Tomcat(默認使用)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
引入web模塊默認就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作為Servlet容器昵宇;
</dependency>
Jetty
<!-- 引入web模塊 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>
Undertow
<!-- 引入web模塊 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>
4)磅崭、嵌入式Servlet容器自動配置原理;
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置瓦哎?
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//導(dǎo)入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版砸喻;給容器中導(dǎo)入一些組件
//導(dǎo)入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置處理器:bean初始化前后(創(chuàng)建完對象,還沒賦值賦值)執(zhí)行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判斷當前是否引入了Tomcat依賴蒋譬;
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判斷當前容器沒有用戶自己定義EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠割岛;作用:創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
/**
* Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
WebAppContext.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedJetty {
@Bean
public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
/**
* Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工廠)
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
//獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器
EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}
2)犯助、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)
3)癣漆、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory為例
@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
//創(chuàng)建一個Tomcat
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
//配置Tomcat的基本環(huán)節(jié)
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
: createTempDir("tomcat"));
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
//將配置好的Tomcat傳入進去,返回一個EmbeddedServletContainer剂买;并且啟動Tomcat服務(wù)器
return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}
4)惠爽、我們對嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?
ServerProperties瞬哼、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器幫我們修改了Servlet容器的配置婚肆?
怎么修改的原理?
5)坐慰、容器中導(dǎo)入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
//如果當前初始化的是一個ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer類型的組件
if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
//
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
}
return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//獲取所有的定制器较性,調(diào)用每一個定制器的customize方法來給Servlet容器進行屬性賦值;
for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
customizer.customize(bean);
}
}
private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
this.beanFactory
//從容器中獲取所有這葛類型的組件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
//定制Servlet容器讨越,給容器中可以添加一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer類型的組件
.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
false, false)
.values());
Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
}
return this.customizers;
}
ServerProperties也是定制器
步驟:
1)两残、SpringBoot根據(jù)導(dǎo)入的依賴情況,給容器中添加相應(yīng)的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)把跨、容器中某個組件要創(chuàng)建對象就會驚動后置處理器人弓;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠着逐,后置處理器就工作崔赌;
3)、后置處理器耸别,從容器中獲取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer健芭,調(diào)用定制器的定制方法
5)、嵌入式Servlet容器啟動原理秀姐;
什么時候創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠慈迈?什么時候獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器并啟動Tomcat;
獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:
1)省有、SpringBoot應(yīng)用啟動運行run方法
2)痒留、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【創(chuàng)建IOC容器對象谴麦,并初始化容器,創(chuàng)建容器中的每一個組件】伸头;如果是web應(yīng)用創(chuàng)建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext匾效,否則:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context);刷新剛才創(chuàng)建好的ioc容器恤磷;
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
4)面哼、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重寫了onRefresh方法
5)、webioc容器會創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器扫步;createEmbeddedServletContainer();
6)魔策、獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
從ioc容器中獲取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 組件;**TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory**創(chuàng)建對象锌妻,后置處理器一看是這個對象代乃,就獲取所有的定制器來先定制Servlet容器的相關(guān)配置;
7)仿粹、使用容器工廠獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器創(chuàng)建對象并啟動Servlet容器原茅;
先啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器吭历,再將ioc容器中剩下沒有創(chuàng)建出的對象獲取出來;
==IOC容器啟動創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器==
9擂橘、使用外置的Servlet容器
嵌入式Servlet容器:應(yīng)用打成可執(zhí)行的jar
優(yōu)點:簡單晌区、便攜;
缺點:默認不支持JSP通贞、優(yōu)化定制比較復(fù)雜(使用定制器【ServerProperties朗若、自定義EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己編寫嵌入式Servlet容器的創(chuàng)建工廠【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】)昌罩;
外置的Servlet容器:外面安裝Tomcat---應(yīng)用war包的方式打包哭懈;
步驟
1)、必須創(chuàng)建一個war項目茎用;(利用idea創(chuàng)建好目錄結(jié)構(gòu))
2)遣总、將嵌入式的Tomcat指定為provided;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
3)轨功、必須編寫一個SpringBootServletInitializer的子類旭斥,并調(diào)用configure方法
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
//傳入SpringBoot應(yīng)用的主程序
return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
}
}
4)、啟動服務(wù)器就可以使用古涧;
原理
jar包:執(zhí)行SpringBoot主類的main方法垂券,啟動ioc容器,創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器羡滑;
war包:啟動服務(wù)器菇爪,服務(wù)器啟動SpringBoot應(yīng)用【SpringBootServletInitializer】算芯,啟動ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
規(guī)則:
1)娄帖、服務(wù)器啟動(web應(yīng)用啟動)會創(chuàng)建當前web應(yīng)用里面每一個jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer實例:
2)也祠、ServletContainerInitializer的實現(xiàn)放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夾下,有一個名為javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件近速,內(nèi)容就是ServletContainerInitializer的實現(xiàn)類的全類名
3)诈嘿、還可以使用@HandlesTypes,在應(yīng)用啟動的時候加載我們感興趣的類削葱;
流程:
1)奖亚、啟動Tomcat
2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模塊里面有這個文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)析砸、SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標注的所有這個類型的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>昔字;為這些WebApplicationInitializer類型的類創(chuàng)建實例;
4)首繁、每一個WebApplicationInitializer都調(diào)用自己的onStartup作郭;
5)、相當于我們的SpringBootServletInitializer的類會被創(chuàng)建對象弦疮,并執(zhí)行onStartup方法
6)夹攒、SpringBootServletInitializer實例執(zhí)行onStartup的時候會createRootApplicationContext;創(chuàng)建容器
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
ServletContext servletContext) {
//1胁塞、創(chuàng)建SpringApplicationBuilder
SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
builder.environment(environment);
builder.main(getClass());
ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
if (parent != null) {
this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
servletContext.setAttribute(
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
}
builder.initializers(
new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
//調(diào)用configure方法咏尝,子類重寫了這個方法,將SpringBoot的主程序類傳入了進來
builder = configure(builder);
//使用builder創(chuàng)建一個Spring應(yīng)用
SpringApplication application = builder.build();
if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
application.getSources().add(getClass());
}
Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
// Ensure error pages are registered
if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
}
//啟動Spring應(yīng)用
return run(application);
}
7)啸罢、Spring的應(yīng)用就啟動并且創(chuàng)建IOC容器
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//刷新IOC容器
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
==啟動Servlet容器编检,再啟動SpringBoot應(yīng)用==