SpringBoot之四Web開發(fā)

個人專題目錄


四痹愚、Web開發(fā)

1、簡介

使用SpringBoot;

1)、創(chuàng)建SpringBoot應(yīng)用梧油,選中我們需要的模塊;

2)州邢、SpringBoot已經(jīng)默認將這些場景配置好了儡陨,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以運行起來

3)、自己編寫業(yè)務(wù)代碼量淌;

自動配置原理骗村?

這個場景SpringBoot幫我們配置了什么?能不能修改呀枢?能修改哪些配置胚股?能不能擴展?xxx

xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫我們給容器中自動配置組件裙秋;
xxxxProperties:配置類來封裝配置文件的內(nèi)容琅拌;

2、SpringBoot對靜態(tài)資源的映射規(guī)則摘刑;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
  //可以設(shè)置和靜態(tài)資源有關(guān)的參數(shù)进宝,緩存時間等
    WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
        @Override
        public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
                return;
            }
            Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                                .addResourceLocations(
                                        "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
            }
            String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
            //靜態(tài)資源文件夾映射
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                                .addResourceLocations(
                                        this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
            }
        }

        //配置歡迎頁映射
        @Bean
        public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
                ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
            return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
                    this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
        }

       //配置喜歡的圖標
        @Configuration
        @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
        public static class FaviconConfiguration {

            private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

            public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
            }

            @Bean
            public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
                SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
                mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
                //所有  **/favicon.ico 
                mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
                        faviconRequestHandler()));
                return mapping;
            }

            @Bean
            public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
                ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
                requestHandler
                        .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
                return requestHandler;
            }

        }

==1)、所有 /webjars/** 枷恕,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找資源党晋;==

webjars:以jar包的方式引入靜態(tài)資源;

http://www.webjars.org/

搜狗截圖20180203181751.png

localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在訪問的時候只需要寫webjars下面資源的名稱即可
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

==2)、"/**" 訪問當前項目的任何資源未玻,都去(靜態(tài)資源的文件夾)找映射==

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/", 
"classpath:/public/" 
"/":當前項目的根路徑

localhost:8080/abc === 去靜態(tài)資源文件夾里面找abc

==3)灾而、歡迎頁; 靜態(tài)資源文件夾下的所有index.html頁面深胳;被"/**"映射绰疤;==

localhost:8080/   找index頁面

==4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在靜態(tài)資源文件下找舞终;==

3轻庆、模板引擎

JSP、Velocity敛劝、Freemarker余爆、Thymeleaf

template-engine.png

SpringBoot推薦的Thymeleaf;

語法更簡單夸盟,功能更強大蛾方;

1、引入thymeleaf上陕;

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
            2.1.6
        </dependency>
切換thymeleaf版本
<properties>
        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
        <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
  </properties>

2桩砰、Thymeleaf使用

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {

    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");

    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";

    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
    //

只要我們把HTML頁面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自動渲染释簿;

使用:

1亚隅、導(dǎo)入thymeleaf的名稱空間

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

2、使用thymeleaf語法庶溶;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>成功煮纵!</h1>
    <!--th:text 將div里面的文本內(nèi)容設(shè)置為 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">這是顯示歡迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

3、語法規(guī)則

1)偏螺、th:text行疏;改變當前元素里面的文本內(nèi)容;

th:任意html屬性套像;來替換原生屬性的值
2018-02-04_123955.png

2)酿联、表達式?

Simple expressions:(表達式語法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:獲取變量值凉夯;OGNL货葬;
            1)、獲取對象的屬性劲够、調(diào)用方法
            2)、使用內(nèi)置的基本對象:
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3)休傍、內(nèi)置的一些工具對象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:選擇表達式:和${}在功能上是一樣征绎;
        補充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
   <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    
    Message Expressions: #{...}:獲取國際化內(nèi)容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定義URL;
            @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表達式
            <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
            
Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(數(shù)學(xué)運算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布爾運算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比較運算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:條件運算(三元運算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _ 

4、SpringMVC自動配置

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developing-web-applications

1. Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot 自動配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot對SpringMVC的默認配置:==(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)==

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

    • 自動配置了ViewResolver(視圖解析器:根據(jù)方法的返回值得到視圖對象(View)人柿,視圖對象決定如何渲染(轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)柴墩?重定向?))
    • ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:組合所有的視圖解析器的凫岖;
    • ==如何定制:我們可以自己給容器中添加一個視圖解析器江咳;自動的將其組合進來;==
  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).靜態(tài)資源文件夾路徑,webjars

  • Static index.html support. 靜態(tài)首頁訪問

  • Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico

  • 自動注冊了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.

    • Converter:轉(zhuǎn)換器哥放; public String hello(User user):類型轉(zhuǎn)換使用Converter
    • Formatter 格式化器歼指; 2017.12.17===Date;
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的規(guī)則
        public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
            return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化組件
        }
==自己添加的格式化器轉(zhuǎn)換器甥雕,我們只需要放在容器中即可==
  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).

    • HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用來轉(zhuǎn)換Http請求和響應(yīng)的踩身;User---Json;

    • HttpMessageConverters 是從容器中確定社露;獲取所有的HttpMessageConverter挟阻;

      ==自己給容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要將自己的組件注冊容器中(@Bean,@Component)==

  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定義錯誤代碼生成規(guī)則

  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

    ==我們可以配置一個ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer來替換默認的峭弟;(添加到容器)==

    初始化WebDataBinder附鸽;
    請求數(shù)據(jù)=====JavaBean;
    

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自動場景瞒瘸;

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.

2坷备、擴展SpringMVC

    <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

==編寫一個配置類(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter類型挨务;不能標注@EnableWebMvc==;

既保留了所有的自動配置击你,也能用我們擴展的配置;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //瀏覽器發(fā)送 /test 請求來到 success
        registry.addViewController("/test").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

1)谎柄、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自動配置類

2)丁侄、在做其他自動配置時會導(dǎo)入;@Import(**EnableWebMvcConfiguration**.class)
    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
      private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();

     //從容器中獲取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
      @Autowired(required = false)
      public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
          if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
              this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
                //一個參考實現(xiàn)朝巫;將所有的WebMvcConfigurer相關(guān)配置都來一起調(diào)用鸿摇;  
                @Override
             // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
              //    for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
               //       delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
               //   }
              }
          }
    }
3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都會一起起作用劈猿;

4)拙吉、我們的配置類也會被調(diào)用;

效果:SpringMVC的自動配置和我們的擴展配置都會起作用揪荣;

3筷黔、全面接管SpringMVC;

SpringBoot對SpringMVC的自動配置不需要了仗颈,所有都是我們自己配置佛舱;所有的SpringMVC的自動配置都失效了

我們需要在配置類中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //瀏覽器發(fā)送 /test 請求來到 success
        registry.addViewController("/test").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

為什么@EnableWebMvc自動配置就失效了;

1)@EnableWebMvc的核心

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {

2)请祖、

@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

3)订歪、

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中沒有這個組件的時候,這個自動配置類才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
        ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

4)肆捕、@EnableWebMvc將WebMvcConfigurationSupport組件導(dǎo)入進來刷晋;

5)、導(dǎo)入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能慎陵;

5眼虱、如何修改SpringBoot的默認配置

模式:

1)、SpringBoot在自動配置很多組件的時候荆姆,先看容器中有沒有用戶自己配置的(@Bean蒙幻、@Component)如果有就用用戶配置的,如果沒有胆筒,才自動配置邮破;如果有些組件可以有多個(ViewResolver)將用戶配置的和自己默認的組合起來;

2)仆救、在SpringBoot中會有非常多的xxxConfigurer幫助我們進行擴展配置

3)抒和、在SpringBoot中會有很多的xxxCustomizer幫助我們進行定制配置

6、RestfulCRUD

1)彤蔽、默認訪問首頁


//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴展SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc   不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //瀏覽器發(fā)送 /test 請求來到 success
        registry.addViewController("/test").setViewName("success");
    }

    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一起起作用
    @Bean //將組件注冊在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }
}

2)摧莽、國際化

1)、編寫國際化配置文件顿痪;

2)镊辕、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理國際化資源文件

3)、在頁面使用fmt:message取出國際化內(nèi)容

步驟:

1)蚁袭、編寫國際化配置文件征懈,抽取頁面需要顯示的國際化消息

搜狗截圖20180211130721.png

2)、SpringBoot自動配置好了管理國際化資源文件的組件揩悄;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
    
    /**
     * Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath
     * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
     * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
     * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
     */
    private String basename = "messages";  
    //我們的配置文件可以直接放在類路徑下叫messages.properties卖哎;
    
    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
            //設(shè)置國際化資源文件的基礎(chǔ)名(去掉語言國家代碼的)
            messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
                    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
        }
        if (this.encoding != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
        }
        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
        messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
        return messageSource;
    }

3)、去頁面獲取國際化的值删性;

搜狗截圖20180211134506.png
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
        <meta name="description" content="">
        <meta name="author" content="">
        <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
        <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
        <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
        <!-- Custom styles for this template -->
        <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>

    <body class="text-center">
        <form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
            <img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
            <h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
            <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
            <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
            <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
            <div class="checkbox mb-3">
                <label>
                <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
        </label>
            </div>
            <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
            <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">? 2017-2018</p>
            <a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
            <a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
        </form>

    </body>

</html>

效果:根據(jù)瀏覽器語言設(shè)置的信息切換了國際化亏娜;

原理:

國際化Locale(區(qū)域信息對象);LocaleResolver(獲取區(qū)域信息對象)蹬挺;
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
        public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
            if (this.mvcProperties
                    .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
                return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            }
            AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
            localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            return localeResolver;
        }
默認的就是根據(jù)請求頭帶來的區(qū)域信息獲取Locale進行國際化

4)维贺、點擊鏈接切換國際化

/**
 * 可以在連接上攜帶區(qū)域信息
 */
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
    
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String l = request.getParameter("l");
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
            String[] split = l.split("_");
            locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
        }
        return locale;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {

    }
}


 @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
        return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }
}


3)、登陸

開發(fā)期間模板引擎頁面修改以后巴帮,要實時生效

1)幸缕、禁用模板引擎的緩存

# 禁用緩存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false 

2)群发、頁面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新編譯晰韵;

登陸錯誤消息的顯示

<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

4)发乔、攔截器進行登陸檢查

攔截器


/**
 * 登陸檢查,
 */
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //目標方法執(zhí)行之前
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
        if(user == null){
            //未登陸雪猪,返回登陸頁面
            request.setAttribute("msg","沒有權(quán)限請先登陸");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }else{
            //已登陸栏尚,放行請求
            return true;
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    }
}

注冊攔截器

  //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一起起作用
    @Bean //將組件注冊在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }

            //注冊攔截器
            @Override
            public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
                //super.addInterceptors(registry);
                //靜態(tài)資源;  *.css , *.js
                //SpringBoot已經(jīng)做好了靜態(tài)資源映射
                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
                        .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }

5)只恨、CRUD-員工列表

實驗要求:

1)译仗、RestfulCRUD:CRUD滿足Rest風(fēng)格;

URI: /資源名稱/資源標識 HTTP請求方式區(qū)分對資源CRUD操作

普通CRUD(uri來區(qū)分操作) RestfulCRUD
查詢 getEmp emp---GET
添加 addEmp?xxx emp---POST
修改 updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx emp/{id}---PUT
刪除 deleteEmp?id=1 emp/{id}---DELETE

2)官觅、實驗的請求架構(gòu);

實驗功能 請求URI 請求方式
查詢所有員工 emps GET
查詢某個員工(來到修改頁面) emp/1 GET
來到添加頁面 emp GET
添加員工 emp POST
來到修改頁面(查出員工進行信息回顯) emp/1 GET
修改員工 emp PUT
刪除員工 emp/1 DELETE

3)纵菌、員工列表:

thymeleaf公共頁面元素抽取

1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

2休涤、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::選擇器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名

3咱圆、默認效果:
insert的公共片段在div標簽中
如果使用th:insert等屬性進行引入,可以不用寫~{}:
行內(nèi)寫法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})]功氨;

三種引入公共片段的th屬性:

th:insert:將公共片段整個插入到聲明引入的元素中

th:replace:將聲明引入的元素替換為公共片段

th:include:將被引入的片段的內(nèi)容包含進這個標簽中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>

引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>

效果
<div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
</div>

<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>

<div>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

引入片段的時候傳入?yún)?shù):


<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar-sticky">
        <ul class="nav flex-column">
            <li class="nav-item">
                <a class="nav-link active"
                   th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
                   href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
                        <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
                        <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
                    </svg>
                    Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
                </a>
            </li>

<!--引入側(cè)邊欄;傳入?yún)?shù)-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

6)序苏、CRUD-員工添加

添加頁面

<form>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Email</label>
        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@test.com">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Gender</label><br/>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="1">
            <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="0">
            <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>department</label>
        <select class="form-control">
            <option>1</option>
            <option>2</option>
            <option>3</option>
            <option>4</option>
            <option>5</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Birth</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>

提交的數(shù)據(jù)格式不對:生日:日期;

2017-12-12捷凄;2017/12/12忱详;2017.12.12;

日期的格式化跺涤;SpringMVC將頁面提交的值需要轉(zhuǎn)換為指定的類型;

2017-12-12---Date匈睁; 類型轉(zhuǎn)換,格式化;

默認日期是按照/的方式桶错;

7)航唆、CRUD-員工修改

修改添加二合一表單

<!--需要區(qū)分是員工修改還是添加;-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
    <!--發(fā)送put請求修改員工數(shù)據(jù)-->
    <!--
1牛曹、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自動配置好的)
2佛点、頁面創(chuàng)建一個post表單
3、創(chuàng)建一個input項黎比,name="_method";值就是我們指定的請求方式
-->
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Email</label>
        <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@test.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Gender</label><br/>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
            <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
            <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>department</label>
        <!--提交的是部門的id-->
        <select class="form-control" name="department.id">
            <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Birth</label>
        <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
</form>

8)超营、CRUD-員工刪除

<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
    <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
    <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
    <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
    <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
    <td>
        <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">編輯</a>
        <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">刪除</button>
    </td>
</tr>


<script>
    $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
        //刪除當前員工的
        $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
        return false;
    });
</script>

7、錯誤處理機制

1)阅虫、SpringBoot默認的錯誤處理機制

默認效果:

    1)演闭、瀏覽器,返回一個默認的錯誤頁面
搜狗截圖20180226173408.png

瀏覽器發(fā)送請求的請求頭:

搜狗截圖20180226180347.png
    2)颓帝、如果是其他客戶端米碰,默認響應(yīng)一個json數(shù)據(jù)
搜狗截圖20180226173527.png
    ![搜狗截圖20180226180504.png](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/4639175-c35f4a0e02770e95.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

原理:

可以參照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration窝革;錯誤處理的自動配置;

給容器中添加了以下組件

1吕座、DefaultErrorAttributes:
幫我們在頁面共享信息虐译;
@Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
            boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }
2、BasicErrorController:處理默認/error請求
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
    
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//產(chǎn)生html類型的數(shù)據(jù)吴趴;瀏覽器發(fā)送的請求來到這個方法處理
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
        response.setStatus(status.value());
        
        //去哪個頁面作為錯誤頁面漆诽;包含頁面地址和頁面內(nèi)容
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
        return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }

    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody    //產(chǎn)生json數(shù)據(jù),其他客戶端來到這個方法處理锣枝;
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }
3厢拭、ErrorPageCustomizer:
    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error";  系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)錯誤以后來到error請求進行處理;(web.xml注冊的錯誤頁面規(guī)則)
4撇叁、DefaultErrorViewResolver:
@Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
            Map<String, Object> model) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
        if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
            modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }

    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
        //默認SpringBoot可以去找到一個頁面供鸠?  error/404
        String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
        
        //模板引擎可以解析這個頁面地址就用模板引擎解析
        TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
        if (provider != null) {
            //模板引擎可用的情況下返回到errorViewName指定的視圖地址
            return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
        }
        //模板引擎不可用,就在靜態(tài)資源文件夾下找errorViewName對應(yīng)的頁面   error/404.html
        return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    }
步驟:

    一但系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)4xx或者5xx之類的錯誤陨闹;ErrorPageCustomizer就會生效(定制錯誤的響應(yīng)規(guī)則)楞捂;就會來到/error請求;就會被**BasicErrorController**處理正林;

    1)響應(yīng)頁面泡一;去哪個頁面是由**DefaultErrorViewResolver**解析得到的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
   for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
      ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
      if (modelAndView != null) {
         return modelAndView;
      }
   }
   return null;
}

2)觅廓、如果定制錯誤響應(yīng):

1)鼻忠、如何定制錯誤的頁面;

        **1)杈绸、有模板引擎的情況下帖蔓;error/狀態(tài)碼;** 【將錯誤頁面命名為  錯誤狀態(tài)碼.html 放在模板引擎文件夾里面的 error文件夾下】,發(fā)生此狀態(tài)碼的錯誤就會來到  對應(yīng)的頁面瞳脓;

        我們可以使用4xx和5xx作為錯誤頁面的文件名來匹配這種類型的所有錯誤塑娇,精確優(yōu)先(優(yōu)先尋找精確的狀態(tài)碼.html);      

        頁面能獲取的信息劫侧;

            timestamp:時間戳

            status:狀態(tài)碼

            error:錯誤提示

            exception:異常對象

            message:異常消息

            errors:JSR303數(shù)據(jù)校驗的錯誤都在這里

        2)埋酬、沒有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到這個錯誤頁面),靜態(tài)資源文件夾下找烧栋;

        3)写妥、以上都沒有錯誤頁面,就是默認來到SpringBoot默認的錯誤提示頁面审姓;

2)珍特、如何定制錯誤的json數(shù)據(jù);

    1)魔吐、自定義異常處理&返回定制json數(shù)據(jù)扎筒;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}
//沒有自適應(yīng)效果...
    2)莱找、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到/error進行自適應(yīng)響應(yīng)效果處理
 @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        //傳入我們自己的錯誤狀態(tài)碼  4xx 5xx执解,否則就不會進入定制錯誤頁面的解析流程
        /**
         * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
         .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
         */
        request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        //轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到/error
        return "forward:/error";
    }

3)啊鸭、將我們的定制數(shù)據(jù)攜帶出去;

出現(xiàn)錯誤以后埃元,會來到/error請求症脂,會被BasicErrorController處理谚赎,響應(yīng)出去可以獲取的數(shù)據(jù)是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)規(guī)定的方法);

1诱篷、完全來編寫一個ErrorController的實現(xiàn)類【或者是編寫AbstractErrorController的子類】,放在容器中雳灵;

2棕所、頁面上能用的數(shù)據(jù),或者是json返回能用的數(shù)據(jù)都是通過errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到悯辙;

        容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes()琳省;默認進行數(shù)據(jù)處理的;

自定義ErrorAttributes

//給容器中加入我們自己定義的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {

    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        map.put("company","test");
        return map;
    }
}

最終的效果:響應(yīng)是自適應(yīng)的躲撰,可以通過定制ErrorAttributes改變需要返回的內(nèi)容针贬,

搜狗截圖20180228135513.png

8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器

SpringBoot默認使用Tomcat作為嵌入式的Servlet容器拢蛋;

搜狗截圖20180301142915.png

問題桦他?

1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相關(guān)配置谆棱;

1快压、修改和server有關(guān)的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

//通用的Servlet容器設(shè)置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的設(shè)置
server.tomcat.xxx

2垃瞧、編寫一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器蔫劣;來修改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean  //一定要將這個定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
    return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

        //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相關(guān)的規(guī)則
        @Override
        public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
            container.setPort(8083);
        }
    };
}

2)、注冊Servlet三大組件【Servlet个从、Filter脉幢、Listener】

由于SpringBoot默認是以jar包的方式啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器來啟動SpringBoot的web應(yīng)用,沒有web.xml文件嗦锐。

注冊三大組件用以下方式

ServletRegistrationBean

//注冊三大組件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
    ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
    return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
    FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
    registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
    return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
    return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot幫我們自動SpringMVC的時候嫌松,自動的注冊SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet意推;

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
      DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
   ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
         dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
    //默認攔截: /  所有請求豆瘫;包靜態(tài)資源,但是不攔截jsp請求菊值;   /*會攔截jsp
    //可以通過server.servletPath來修改SpringMVC前端控制器默認攔截的請求路徑
    
   registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
   registration.setLoadOnStartup(
         this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
   if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
      registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
   }
   return registration;
}

2)外驱、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器育灸;

3)、替換為其他嵌入式Servlet容器

搜狗截圖20180302114401.png

默認支持:

Tomcat(默認使用)

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   引入web模塊默認就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作為Servlet容器昵宇;
</dependency>

Jetty

<!-- 引入web模塊 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!-- 引入web模塊 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4)磅崭、嵌入式Servlet容器自動配置原理;

EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置瓦哎?

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//導(dǎo)入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版砸喻;給容器中導(dǎo)入一些組件
//導(dǎo)入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置處理器:bean初始化前后(創(chuàng)建完對象,還沒賦值賦值)執(zhí)行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判斷當前是否引入了Tomcat依賴蒋譬;
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判斷當前容器沒有用戶自己定義EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠割岛;作用:創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器
    public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

        @Bean
        public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }
    
    /**
     * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
     */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
            WebAppContext.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedJetty {

        @Bean
        public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }

    /**
     * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
     */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedUndertow {

        @Bean
        public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }

1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工廠)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {

   //獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器
   EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
         ServletContextInitializer... initializers);

}
搜狗截圖20180302144835.png

2)犯助、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

搜狗截圖20180302144910.png

3)癣漆、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory為例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
      ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    //創(chuàng)建一個Tomcat
   Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    
    //配置Tomcat的基本環(huán)節(jié)
   File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
         : createTempDir("tomcat"));
   tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
   Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
   tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
   customizeConnector(connector);
   tomcat.setConnector(connector);
   tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
   configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
   for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
      tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
   }
   prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    
    //將配置好的Tomcat傳入進去,返回一個EmbeddedServletContainer剂买;并且啟動Tomcat服務(wù)器
   return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)惠爽、我們對嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?

ServerProperties瞬哼、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器幫我們修改了Servlet容器的配置婚肆?

怎么修改的原理?

5)坐慰、容器中導(dǎo)入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
      throws BeansException {
    //如果當前初始化的是一個ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer類型的組件
   if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
       //
      postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
   }
   return bean;
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
            ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
    //獲取所有的定制器较性,調(diào)用每一個定制器的customize方法來給Servlet容器進行屬性賦值;
    for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
        customizer.customize(bean);
    }
}

private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
    if (this.customizers == null) {
        // Look up does not include the parent context
        this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
            this.beanFactory
            //從容器中獲取所有這葛類型的組件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
            //定制Servlet容器讨越,給容器中可以添加一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer類型的組件
            .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
                            false, false)
            .values());
        Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
        this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
    }
    return this.customizers;
}

ServerProperties也是定制器

步驟:

1)两残、SpringBoot根據(jù)導(dǎo)入的依賴情況,給容器中添加相應(yīng)的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

2)把跨、容器中某個組件要創(chuàng)建對象就會驚動后置處理器人弓;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;

只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠着逐,后置處理器就工作崔赌;

3)、后置處理器耸别,從容器中獲取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer健芭,調(diào)用定制器的定制方法

5)、嵌入式Servlet容器啟動原理秀姐;

什么時候創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠慈迈?什么時候獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器并啟動Tomcat;

獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:

1)省有、SpringBoot應(yīng)用啟動運行run方法

2)痒留、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【創(chuàng)建IOC容器對象谴麦,并初始化容器,創(chuàng)建容器中的每一個組件】伸头;如果是web應(yīng)用創(chuàng)建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext匾效,否則:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3)、refresh(context);刷新剛才創(chuàng)建好的ioc容器恤磷;

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

         // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Initialize message source for this context.
         initMessageSource();

         // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
         onRefresh();

         // Check for listener beans and register them.
         registerListeners();

         // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // Last step: publish corresponding event.
         finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                  "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
         }

         // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
         destroyBeans();

         // Reset 'active' flag.
         cancelRefresh(ex);

         // Propagate exception to caller.
         throw ex;
      }

      finally {
         // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
         // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
         resetCommonCaches();
      }
   }
}

4)面哼、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重寫了onRefresh方法

5)、webioc容器會創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器扫步;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6)魔策、獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

從ioc容器中獲取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 組件;**TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory**創(chuàng)建對象锌妻,后置處理器一看是這個對象代乃,就獲取所有的定制器來先定制Servlet容器的相關(guān)配置;

7)仿粹、使用容器工廠獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器創(chuàng)建對象并啟動Servlet容器原茅;

先啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器吭历,再將ioc容器中剩下沒有創(chuàng)建出的對象獲取出來;

==IOC容器啟動創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器==

9擂橘、使用外置的Servlet容器

嵌入式Servlet容器:應(yīng)用打成可執(zhí)行的jar

    優(yōu)點:簡單晌区、便攜;

    缺點:默認不支持JSP通贞、優(yōu)化定制比較復(fù)雜(使用定制器【ServerProperties朗若、自定義EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己編寫嵌入式Servlet容器的創(chuàng)建工廠【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】)昌罩;

外置的Servlet容器:外面安裝Tomcat---應(yīng)用war包的方式打包哭懈;

步驟

1)、必須創(chuàng)建一個war項目茎用;(利用idea創(chuàng)建好目錄結(jié)構(gòu))

2)遣总、將嵌入式的Tomcat指定為provided;

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)轨功、必須編寫一個SpringBootServletInitializer的子類旭斥,并調(diào)用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
       //傳入SpringBoot應(yīng)用的主程序
      return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
   }

}

4)、啟動服務(wù)器就可以使用古涧;

原理

jar包:執(zhí)行SpringBoot主類的main方法垂券,啟動ioc容器,創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器羡滑;

war包:啟動服務(wù)器菇爪,服務(wù)器啟動SpringBoot應(yīng)用【SpringBootServletInitializer】算芯,啟動ioc容器;

servlet3.0(Spring注解版):

8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

規(guī)則:

1)娄帖、服務(wù)器啟動(web應(yīng)用啟動)會創(chuàng)建當前web應(yīng)用里面每一個jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer實例:

2)也祠、ServletContainerInitializer的實現(xiàn)放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夾下,有一個名為javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件近速,內(nèi)容就是ServletContainerInitializer的實現(xiàn)類的全類名

3)诈嘿、還可以使用@HandlesTypes,在應(yīng)用啟動的時候加載我們感興趣的類削葱;

流程:

1)奖亚、啟動Tomcat

2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

Spring的web模塊里面有這個文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3)析砸、SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標注的所有這個類型的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>昔字;為這些WebApplicationInitializer類型的類創(chuàng)建實例;

4)首繁、每一個WebApplicationInitializer都調(diào)用自己的onStartup作郭;

搜狗截圖20180302221835.png

5)、相當于我們的SpringBootServletInitializer的類會被創(chuàng)建對象弦疮,并執(zhí)行onStartup方法

6)夹攒、SpringBootServletInitializer實例執(zhí)行onStartup的時候會createRootApplicationContext;創(chuàng)建容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
      ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1胁塞、創(chuàng)建SpringApplicationBuilder
   SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
   StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
   environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
   builder.environment(environment);
   builder.main(getClass());
   ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
   if (parent != null) {
      this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
      servletContext.setAttribute(
            WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
      builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
   }
   builder.initializers(
         new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
   builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
    
    //調(diào)用configure方法咏尝,子類重寫了這個方法,將SpringBoot的主程序類傳入了進來
   builder = configure(builder);
    
    //使用builder創(chuàng)建一個Spring應(yīng)用
   SpringApplication application = builder.build();
   if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
         .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
      application.getSources().add(getClass());
   }
   Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
         "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
               + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
   // Ensure error pages are registered
   if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
      application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
   }
    //啟動Spring應(yīng)用
   return run(application);
}

7)啸罢、Spring的應(yīng)用就啟動并且創(chuàng)建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();
   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
   configureHeadlessProperty();
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
   listeners.starting();
   try {
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
            args);
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
            applicationArguments);
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
      context = createApplicationContext();
      analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
            printedBanner);
       
       //刷新IOC容器
      refreshContext(context);
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
      listeners.finished(context, null);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
               .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      return context;
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
}

==啟動Servlet容器编检,再啟動SpringBoot應(yīng)用==

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