單詞的構(gòu)成:前綴+詞根+后綴
1.后綴四類
①動詞后綴(使……跃赚;讓……):
-en? en-
-ify
-ish
-ize/-ise
-ate
②形容詞后綴(……的)
-able,-ible
-al
-ic,-ical
-ant,-ent
-ate
-ish
-ive
-like
-some
-ous
-ful
-ing/-ed
-ly
-less/-free/-proof
③副詞后綴(……地)
-ly
-ward(方向)-wise(方向)少 eg:clockwise(順時針地)
④名詞后綴(……性)
-on,-ion
-ty,-ity, -ability
-age
-ment
-ure
-er,-or,-ee,-ess,-ist,-ian,-ant,-ent
-ance(y)/-ence(y)
2.前綴(四種類型)
①情感色彩
un-
non-
dis-
mis-
a-/ab-
anti-(反)
de-
mal-/male-
im-/in-/il-/ir-
vice-
pseudo-
②時間方向
pre-/pro-/pri-/fore-(前)
re-/retro-/post-/step-(后)
up-/over-(上)
down-/under-/sub-/de-/infra-(下)
med-/mid-/mod-(中)
im-/in-/inter-/intro-(內(nèi))
ex-/e-/out-(外)
trans-(轉(zhuǎn)變)
counter-/contra-/contro-
para-
bv-
③程度狀態(tài)
out-, over-
sur/super/hyper
re-
auto-(自動)
self-
per-
min-,micro-
ultra-
com-/con-/col-/cor-/co
④數(shù)量關(guān)系
uni-/mono-
bi-/di-(雙)以故,tri-(三)薇宠,quadr-(四)cent-(百)留攒,kilo-(千),midli-,multi-(多)
poly-
semi- hemi-(半)
3.詞根(最常用的):