Module 1 Talking about a book you've read

1. Talking about a story

• Once upon a time, there was a … 從前撞叨，有一個(gè)……
• full of pride 充滿自豪
• It's about … 故事是關(guān)于……金踪；故事講的是……
• an honest, lively, witty girl 一位誠實(shí)、活潑而聰明的女孩
• first impression 第一印象牵敷；初次印象
• The funny thing is … 奇怪的是……
• bringing them together 讓他們結(jié)合胡岔；讓他們走到一起
• get over their initial impressions 改變他們最初的看法
• perfect ending 圓滿的結(jié)局；皆大歡喜的結(jié)局

談?wù)摴适?使用類似表達(dá)引入故事：

• I've just finished reading a really good book. 我剛剛看完了一本很不錯(cuò)的書枷餐。
• It's about Elizabeth, an honest, lively, witty girl. 書中講的是一個(gè)誠實(shí)靶瘸、活潑而聰明的女孩 Elizabeth 的故事。
• It's my favorite book of all time. 這是我目前最喜歡的一本書毛肋。

你可以使用類似表達(dá)來講述故事：

• Once upon a time, there was a proud young woman. 從前怨咪，有一位驕傲的年輕女子。
• Their first impressions of each other are not very good. 他們對(duì)彼此之間的第一印象不算很好润匙。
• The funny thing is, they keep running into each other. 有趣的是诗眨，他們老是相遇。
• Something is bringing them together. 天意讓他們走到了一起孕讳。
• It has the perfect ending – they fall in love and live happily ever after. 故事有著圓滿的結(jié)局 - 他們相愛匠楚，從此快樂地生活在一起。
  語言點(diǎn)：Once upon a time 和 live happily ever 是講故事的傳統(tǒng)手法厂财。你經(jīng)秤蟛荆可以在童話和寓言等類型的故事中看到它們。在電影中璃饱，說話人用它們來營(yíng)造效果益咬。

2. Tense shifting for narratives

• She almost missed her opportunity. 她差點(diǎn)錯(cuò)過了機(jī)會(huì)。
• who insists on choosing her own path 她堅(jiān)持選擇自己的人生道路
• They are meant to be together. 他們注定在一起帜平。
• They both tend to judge people. 他們兩人都比較愛評(píng)判人幽告。
• able to get over 能夠改變/克服
• Who wouldn't want the perfect ending? 誰不喜歡圓滿的結(jié)局？

故事講述中的時(shí)態(tài)變換
一般來說裆甩，在講故事時(shí)冗锁，你應(yīng)該努力保持時(shí)態(tài)的一致。如果開始用過去時(shí)嗤栓，那么從一個(gè)從句或句子到下一個(gè)從句或句子冻河，都繼續(xù)使用過去時(shí)。

• He heard a knock at the door, so he opened it. 他聽到敲門聲茉帅，于是開了門叨叙。
• He couldn't believe what he saw. 他不敢相信自己看到的一切。

但是堪澎，有時(shí)你可能希望變換時(shí)態(tài)擂错。例如，講述故事時(shí)樱蛤，常常會(huì)使用進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)钮呀。然后你想改用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)剑鞍，讓故事顯得更接近現(xiàn)在。

• All of the characters have eaten way too much. Suddenly, one of them burps. 所有人物都吃得太撐了爽醋，突然一個(gè)人打起了飽嗝蚁署。
• He was crossing the ocean in a small boat. Suddenly, there's a huge storm. 他搭乘一條小船踊赠，橫渡大洋恶迈。這時(shí)突然碰到了一場(chǎng)巨大的暴風(fēng)雨。
• I've been reading an amazing book. Right now, the characters are lost in a mysterious, dark forest. 我在讀一本很有意思的書∽缘悖現(xiàn)在遂赠，書中人物在黑暗神秘的森林中迷路了田度。

你可以改用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示故事中一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)或復(fù)雜情況解愤。

• They fall in love. Something bigger than them is bringing them together. 他們相愛了。一種巨大的力量正讓他們走到一起乎莉。
• He said that they were meant to be together. Now he has proposed marriage. 他說他們注定要在一起∷徒玻現(xiàn)在他已經(jīng)求婚了。

當(dāng)你想表達(dá)自己的看法時(shí)惋啃，常常從過去時(shí)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在時(shí)哼鬓。

• So he found love and his lost dog, too. Isn't that the perfect ending? 于是他找到了愛情，還有他走失的狗边灭。那可不是皆大歡喜的結(jié)局嗎异希？
• She missed her opportunity. I think that she just tends to hesitate too much. 她錯(cuò)過了機(jī)會(huì)。我認(rèn)為她就是太過猶豫了绒瘦。

3. Explaining a book 解釋書籍

title 是書的名稱称簿。使用類似表達(dá)談?wù)摃?/p>

• A: What's the book called? 這本書的名字叫什么？
• B: It's called 'The Catcher in the Rye.' 書名叫'The Catcher in the Rye'惰帽。
• A: What's the title of the book? 這本書的標(biāo)題是什么憨降？
• B: 'To Kill a Mockingbird.' To Kill a Mockingbird'。

author 是寫書的人该酗。使用這些表達(dá)談?wù)撘槐緯淖髡撸?/p>

• A: Who wrote the book? 誰寫了這本書授药？
• B: It was written by J.D. Salinger. 是 J.D. Salinger 寫的。
• A: Who's the author? 作者是誰呜魄？
• B: Harper Lee. Harper Lee悔叽。

genre 一詞是指書的具體類型 – 例如，science fiction爵嗅。使用這些表達(dá)描述書籍的類型：

• A: What kind of book is it? 書是哪種類型娇澎？
• B: It's social commentary. 社會(huì)評(píng)論。
• A: Is it a romance? 它是愛情小說嗎睹晒？
• B: No. Actually, it's part fantasy, part comedy. 不是九火，其實(shí)半奇幻赚窃，半喜劇。

使用類似表達(dá)談?wù)摃那楣?jié)和背景岔激。plot 是故事的梗概勒极， setting 則指時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。

• A: What's the book about? 這本書是關(guān)于什么的虑鼎？
• B: The setting is Oklahoma during the Great Depression. It's about a farming family that leaves its home to look for a better future in California. 背景是經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期的俄克拉荷馬州辱匿，故事講的是一個(gè)農(nóng)民家庭背井離鄉(xiāng)，前往加利福尼亞尋找更加美好的未來炫彩。
• A: What kind of story is it? 這是哪種故事匾七？
• B: It's a love story about a young woman, but it's really about human behavior. It takes place in Alabama in the mid-1930s. 故事寫的是一位年輕女子的愛情，但實(shí)際上是關(guān)于人類行為的小說江兢。故事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)三十年代的阿拉巴馬州昨忆。

使用類似表達(dá)提供關(guān)于書籍的更多信息。theme 是指一本書的重要主題杉允，比如 finding love 或 helping your family邑贴。

• The main character, Holden Caulfield, tells the story from a psychiatric hospital. 主要人物 Holden Caulfield 講述了一個(gè)從精神病院聽說的故事。
• One of the themes is how your family can save you from the difficulties of daily life. 其中一個(gè)主題是你的家庭如何能夠幫你度過日常生活的難關(guān)叔磷。

• It's part social commentary, part fantasy. 這是一本半社會(huì)評(píng)論半奇幻的書拢驾。
• The main character is Holden Caulfield. 主人公是 Holden Caufield。
• It's about an Italian who marries a rich American. 書寫的是一個(gè)意大利人嫁給美國有錢人的故事改基。
• One of the themes is man against nature. 主題之一是人類與自然的抗衡繁疤。
• It was written by Henry James. 書由 Henry James 所著。
• It's set in Alabama in the 1930s. 故事發(fā)生在 20 世紀(jì) 30 年代的阿拉巴馬州秕狰。

Module 2 Explaining what you read and why

1. What people read

• literature 文學(xué)
• historical fiction 歷史小說
• crime 罪案小說
• romance 愛情小說
• trashy 垃圾的稠腊；無價(jià)值的；質(zhì)量極差的
• murder mystery 兇殺懸疑小說
• scary story 驚悚小說

人們讀書的種類:fiction（小說）分為許多流行的 genres（種類）鸣哀。以下一些例子：

• historical fiction 歷史小說
• satire 諷刺小說
• fantasy 奇幻小說
• crime 犯罪小說
• graphic novels 圖畫小說

與 fiction 相對(duì)的是 nonfiction麻养。該類型包括 books、newspapers诺舔、magazines 和 blogs鳖昌。以下是一些 nonfiction genres：

• business journals 商業(yè)期刊
• trade publications 行業(yè)出版物
• self-help books 自助書籍
• how-to books 指導(dǎo)書籍

以下是一些談?wù)摬煌膶W(xué)風(fēng)格的方法：

• Some people say crime fiction is trashy. I don't agree. I think it tells us about the society we live in. 有人說犯罪小說不值得看，我不同意低飒。我認(rèn)為它講述了我們生活的社會(huì)许昨。
• Historical fiction, if it's well-written, can be absolutely gripping. 歷史小說如果寫得好，那一定能扣人心弦褥赊。
• I'm reading this amazing political satire. It's very smart and sophisticated. 我正在看這本優(yōu)秀的政治諷刺小說糕档。作品非常巧妙，內(nèi)涵深刻。
• Not all graphic novels are for kids. Some of the drawings can be gritty and realistic. 圖畫小說不是只適合兒童速那。有些圖畫也可以畫得逼真寫實(shí)俐银。

• It's called The Economy. It's a business journal. 書名叫 The Economy，是一本商業(yè)期刊端仰。
• She's reading a self-help book. 她正在讀一本自助書籍捶惜。
• I'm reading some gripping historical fiction. 我正在讀一些扣人心弦的歷史小說。
• Some authors mix science fiction and fantasy. 有些作家將科幻小說和奇幻小說混在一起荔烧。
• I just bought a how-to book on plumbing. 我剛買了一本關(guān)于管道方面的指導(dǎo)書吱七。
• This graphic novel is really gritty and realistic. 這本圖畫小說非常逼真寫實(shí)。

2. Paired comparatives 成對(duì)的比較級(jí)

你可以使用一對(duì)比較級(jí)鹤竭，描述兩件相關(guān)的事物如何變化踊餐。在兩個(gè)比較級(jí)前都加 the。

• The sooner I read this how-to book, the easier it'll be for me to fix the sink. 這本指導(dǎo)書我看得越早臀稚，水槽修理對(duì)我來說也越簡(jiǎn)單吝岭。
• The more dangerous things get, the more courageous the hero gets. 情況越危險(xiǎn)，主人公越勇敢吧寺。
• The longer you wait, the less likely it is you'll read that journal. 你等得越久窜管，就越不可能看那份報(bào)紙。

此外撮执，還有一些成對(duì)使用比較級(jí)的習(xí)語。請(qǐng)看下面兩例：

• A: Should I send you a link to that business blog? 要我把那個(gè)商業(yè)博客的鏈接發(fā)給你嗎舷丹？
• B: Absolutely. The sooner, the better! 當(dāng)然抒钱，越快越好！
• A: Is it okay if I bring my brother to your party? 我可以把我兄弟帶來參加你的聚會(huì)嗎颜凯？
• B: Sure. The more, the merrier. 沒問題谋币。人越多越開心。

3. Talking about your reading preferen...

• I don't read because … 因?yàn)椤⒏牛晕也豢础?/li>
• show off how much they know 炫耀他們的知識(shí)
• Reading's my escape. 讀書是我逃離現(xiàn)實(shí)的方法蕾额。
• I love getting lost in a good story. 我喜歡沉浸在精彩的故事中。
• getting so pulled in 讓人非常入迷
• I'll read anything if it hooks me. 只要吸引我的彼城，我都會(huì)看诅蝶。
• I'll be home alone. 我會(huì)獨(dú)自呆在家里。
• I'll curl up on the sofa. 我會(huì)蜷縮在沙發(fā)上募壕。
• If it's raining outside, even better. 要是外面下雨的話就更好了调炬。

談?wù)撃愕拈喿x愛好
使用類似表達(dá)，解釋你覺得閱讀輕松有趣的原因：

• For me, reading is an escape. 對(duì)我而言舱馅，讀書是逃離現(xiàn)實(shí)的方法缰泡。
• Personally, I love getting lost in a good historical fiction. 個(gè)人來說，我喜歡沉浸在優(yōu)秀的歷史小說中代嗤。
• The story has to pull me in, or I'll stop reading. 故事必須吸引我棘钞，不然我讀不下去缠借。
• Sometimes I get hooked on a graphic novel, and I can't put it down till I've finished it. 有時(shí)我會(huì)被一本圖畫小說吸引住，恨不得一口氣讀完宜猜。

使用類似表達(dá)泼返，談?wù)撻喿x獲知新聞或信息：

• I read The Economy to keep on top of business news. 我閱讀 The Economy，了解最新財(cái)經(jīng)新聞宝恶。
• It helps me stay current on developments in the industry. 它幫助我了解行業(yè)當(dāng)前的發(fā)展情況符隙。
• Computing Today is a rich source of information. Computing Today 是一個(gè)豐富的信息資源。

解釋習(xí)慣做某事的時(shí)間和方式時(shí)垫毙，你可以使用 will + 動(dòng)詞霹疫。

• I'll turn on my tablet, turn out the lights and read in bed until I fall asleep. 我會(huì)把平板電腦打開，關(guān)上燈综芥，在床上看書丽蝎，直到睡著為止。
• Whenever I find time, I'll get a blanket, curl up on the couch and just read. 只要有時(shí)間膀藐，我就會(huì)拿一條毛毯屠阻，蜷在沙發(fā)上看書。
• Every morning, my kids will grab a bowl of cereal and read graphic novels at the table. 每天早上额各，我的小孩都會(huì)抓一碗麥片国觉，坐在桌子旁邊看圖畫小說。

• The more I read, the better the story gets. 越往后看虾啦，故事也越精彩麻诀。
• Personally, I like getting lost in historical fiction. 個(gè)人來說，我喜歡沉浸在歷史小說中傲醉。
• So, you'll curl up on the couch with a graphic novel? 那么說蝇闭，你會(huì)蜷縮在沙發(fā)上看圖畫小說。
• Political satire really pulls her in. 對(duì)她來說硬毕，政治諷刺小說非常具有吸引力呻引。
• It helps me stay current on news and developments. 它有助于讓我掌握當(dāng)前發(fā)生的新聞和發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。
• I'll grab some breakfast and read the news online. 我會(huì)隨便吃點(diǎn)早餐吐咳，瀏覽網(wǎng)上新聞逻悠。

Module 3 Recommending something to read

1. Nonfiction

• travel book 游記
• history section 歷史書籍區(qū)域
• autobiography 自傳
• truth 真理，真相
• quest 尋求韭脊；追求
• universe 宇宙
• enlightenment 啟發(fā)蹂风，教化
• deep 深?yuàn)W的；深刻的
• be lost on 對(duì)……不起作用乾蓬，不能引起……的注意
• biography 傳記

非小說類作品
兩種大眾喜歡的 nonfiction genres 分別是 biography 和 autobiography惠啄。通過單詞的構(gòu)成，你對(duì)它們的意思有一個(gè)大致的認(rèn)知。前綴 bio 意為'life'撵渡， 后綴 graph 意為'to write or record'融柬。換而言之， biography 則意為'a written record of a life'趋距。

• I just finished a biography of Jane Austen. She had a very interesting life. 我剛讀完了一本關(guān)于 Jane Austen 的傳記粒氧。她的人生非常多姿多彩。

前綴 auto 的意思是'by oneself'节腐，加上前綴就是 autobiography 或 'a record of a life, written by that person'外盯。

• Gandhi's autobiography is genuinely inspiring. 甘地的自傳非常激勵(lì)人心。

只用加上 book 一詞翼雀，你就能構(gòu)成許多非文學(xué)類型的名稱饱苟。

• cookbook 烹飪書
• textbook 教科書
• travel book 游記
• guidebook 旅行指南

在影片中，Emma 和 Leo 在談?wù)?spirituality（靈性）和 beliefs（信仰）狼渊。這種文學(xué)形式越來越流行箱熬。以下是他們使用的一些表達(dá)：

• personal enlightenment 個(gè)人開悟
• search for truth 尋求真理
• set off on a quest 開始探求
• a deep belief 堅(jiān)定的信仰

2. Nouns and prepositions

• autobiography for his birthday 作為他的生日禮物的自傳
• a quest for understanding 尋求理解
• biography of Winston Churchill Winston Churchill 的傳記

名詞和介詞：有些名詞，尤其 love 或 solution 等抽象名詞狈邑，需后接介詞短語才合理城须。請(qǐng)看例子，第一句并無介詞短語米苹，因此不正確糕伐，第二句更佳。

• He has a great admiration.
• He has a great admiration for the inventor Thomas Edison.

以下是一些需后接含有 for 的介詞短語的名詞：

• My quest for enlightenment begins today. 我從今天開始尋求開悟蘸嘶。
• In this country, there's room for different beliefs. 在這個(gè)國家良瞧，人們可以有不同的信仰。
• There's a great demand for self-help books at the moment. 目前自助類圖書的需求很大亏较。

以下是一些后接含有 to 的介詞短語的名詞：

• Her contribution to literature and the arts has been outstanding. 她在文學(xué)和藝術(shù)上做出了杰出的貢獻(xiàn)莺褒。
• His response to the criticism was to keep writing. 他應(yīng)對(duì)批評(píng)的方法是繼續(xù)寫作掩缓。
• Some people think Hardy's novels have no relevance to the modern world. 有人認(rèn)為哈代的小說跟現(xiàn)代世界毫無關(guān)聯(lián)雪情。

以下是一些后接特定介詞的名詞例子:

• Rivera writes about the power of the human spirit. Rivera 寫的是有關(guān)人類的精神力量。
• Krystal has a strong belief in science. Krystal 對(duì)科學(xué)深信不疑你辣。
• She will be reading an excerpt from her new novel. 她將選讀一段她的新小說巡通。
• My meeting with the publisher went very well. 我和出版商的會(huì)面非常順利。

3. Making indirect recommendations

• I bet your father would like … 我敢說你父親會(huì)喜歡……
• This is possibly the greatest story … 這也許是最精彩的故事……
• If you want to understand the world … 如果你想了解這個(gè)世界……

提出間接建議：使用類似表達(dá)間接地提出建議舍哄。相比直接建議宴凉，這些表達(dá)更加巧妙。

• I bet you'd love this crime thriller. 我敢說你會(huì)喜歡這本犯罪驚悚小說表悬。
• I have the perfect book for you. 我有一本非常適合你的書弥锄。
• There's nothing like a good guidebook when you're traveling. 在你旅行時(shí)，沒有什么能比旅行指南的幫助更大。
• You can't go wrong with anything written by L.J. Gibbs. 只要是 L.J. Gibbs 寫的書籽暇，就不會(huì)讓你失望温治。

贊美常常被解讀為一種建議。

• It's the greatest piece of nonfiction I've read in years. 這是我多年來看過的最出色的作品戒悠。
• Nothing beats the biography of Rousseau. 盧梭的傳記沒什么比得上熬荆。
• It's amazing. I haven't read anything like it before. 非常棒。我以前就沒讀過這樣的作品绸狐。

另一種推薦某物的方法是使用第一條件句陳述卤恳。這巧妙地暗示，你的看法是不可爭(zhēng)辯的事實(shí)寒矿。

• If you really want to 'get' art, this book is the one you should read. 如果你真想'get'藝術(shù)突琳，就應(yīng)該讀讀這本書。
• If you're looking for a good Italian cookbook, you can't go wrong with Bella Cipollini. 如果你在找一本好的意大利烹飪書劫窒，Bella Cipollini 的書肯定錯(cuò)不了本今。
• If you really want to understand the world, 'Siddhartha' is a great choice. 如果你真的想理解這個(gè)世界，Siddhartha 是不錯(cuò)的選擇主巍。

• Nothing beats a well-written autobiography. 寫得好的自傳最引人入勝冠息。
• It's a novel about a quest to erase poverty. 這是一本探索消滅貧窮的小說。
• You can't go wrong with that guidebook. 有那本旅游指南在手孕索，你不會(huì)出錯(cuò)逛艰。
• He has a deep belief in the power of the human spirit. 他對(duì)人類精神的力量深信不疑。
• I bet you'd love 'Room for Enlightenment.' It's deep. 我敢說你會(huì)喜歡'Room for Enlightenment'搞旭。這本書非常深刻散怖。

Module 4 Writing about how media has changed

1. Communications media 傳播媒體

在下一活動(dòng)中，你將觀看一段即興采訪肄渗。受訪女子談及媒體正在改變的本質(zhì)镇眷，包括書籍、新聞翎嫡、演出和音樂的傳播方式欠动。

準(zhǔn)備觀看:在獲知所看內(nèi)容的大致話題后，開始思考有關(guān)書籍惑申、演出和音樂的詞匯具伍。過去 25 年來，媒體發(fā)生了怎樣的變化圈驼？
例如人芽，該女子談及使用一款名為 Kindle 的電子閱讀器閱讀新聞。你認(rèn)為她在 25 年前使用了何種媒介绩脆？

• coronation 加冕儀式
• Democratic Convention 民主黨大會(huì)
• cable 有線電視
• signal 信號(hào)
• HD 高清
• on demand 一經(jīng)要求
• 78 records 黑膠唱片
• digital 數(shù)碼

更多傳播媒體:media 是指我們周圍信息的來源萤厅，換而言之橄抹，廣播電臺(tái)、電視惕味、報(bào)紙害碾、雜志和網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

• There are many kinds of media in the modern world. Information is everywhere. 現(xiàn)代世界存在許多不同的媒體赦拘。信息無處不在慌随。

你可能還會(huì)聽到術(shù)語 mass media：

• The relationship between politics and mass media is sometimes uncomfortable. 政治和大眾傳媒的關(guān)系有時(shí)并不融洽。

media 的單數(shù)是 medium躺同，意思是'a way of communicating'阁猜。但是，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn) media 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式均有使用蹋艺。

• TV is still an important medium for political parties to get their messages across. 電視仍然是政黨傳達(dá)其政見的一種重要媒介剃袍。
  語言點(diǎn)：你也會(huì)看到 the media 這一術(shù)語，它是指新聞捎谨。

以下是一些談?wù)搨鞑ッ襟w的有用表達(dá)：

• Modern communications media has totally changed my life. 現(xiàn)在傳播媒體徹底改變我的生活民效。
• On-demand media, which you can access anytime, anywhere, isn't the future – it's now. 媒體點(diǎn)播讓你隨時(shí)隨地都能訪問，這不是未來涛救，就是現(xiàn)在畏邢。
• Click on the link, and a pop-up window will appear. 點(diǎn)擊鏈接，出現(xiàn)一個(gè)彈出窗口检吆。
• The screen font was too small, and he couldn't read the article. 屏幕字體太小舒萎，他看不清楚文章。

使用類似表達(dá)談?wù)撃闶侨绾问褂秒娮娱喿x工具的：

• Just swipe your finger, like this, to go to the next screen. 只用像這樣刷動(dòng)手指蹭沛，就能轉(zhuǎn)到下一頁面臂寝。
• It's amazing! You just need to blink your eye to turn the page. 太奇妙了！你只用眨眨眼就能翻頁摊灭。

2. Contrasting the present and the past

• When I was growing up … 當(dāng)我長(zhǎng)大的時(shí)候……
• I remember … 我記得……
• in the early '50s 五十年代初
• a real huge difference 非常巨大的差異
• That goes back a ways. 那是很久以前咆贬。
• in my lifetime 在我的一生中

對(duì)比現(xiàn)在與過去:當(dāng)你將事情與過去對(duì)比時(shí)，使用下列類似表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在帚呼。

• These days, there's just so much information everywhere. 如今掏缎，到處都充斥著大量的信息。
• Nowadays, you can get any information on demand. 如今萝挤，你能夠獲得任何要求的信息御毅。
• Recently, they've invented technology where you can turn the page by just blinking. 最近根欧，他們發(fā)明了只用眨眼就能翻頁的技術(shù)怜珍。
• Lately, I've been using my e-reader more than paper books. 最近，相比紙質(zhì)書凤粗，我更多地使用電子閱讀器酥泛。

使用 in the + 十年代指代過去今豆。如需指明具體是年代的哪個(gè)時(shí)期，你可以使用 early柔袁、late 和 mid-呆躲。

• In the '90s, no one was talking about e-books. 90 年代，根本沒人談?wù)撾娮訒?/li>
• In the early 1930s, families read together by the fire. 20 世紀(jì) 30 年代初捶索，一家人圍坐火爐讀書插掂。
• In the late '70s, I watched a lot of TV instead of reading. 70 年代末，我經(jīng)承壤看電視辅甥，很少看書。
• In the mid-'80s, I had this huge cellphone. It was so heavy! 80 年代中期燎竖，我有一部巨大的手機(jī)璃弄，非常笨重！

使用類似表達(dá)指代過去的大致時(shí)間：

• Somewhere along the way, Jules started reading on her smartphone. 從某個(gè)時(shí)候開始构回，Jules 就用智能手機(jī)閱讀了夏块。
• I recall the pride I felt at having on my shelves all the books I'd read. 我書架上的書我全都看過了，我現(xiàn)在還記得當(dāng)時(shí)心里的那份驕傲纤掸。
• In the past, you couldn't change the font or the brightness of the screen. 在過去脐供，你不能改變屏幕的字體或亮度。
• When I was growing up, I read constantly. 在我長(zhǎng)大的時(shí)候借跪，我經(jīng)常閱讀患民。

3. Changes in how we read media

逗號(hào)、冒號(hào)和分號(hào)
在下一活動(dòng)中垦梆，你將看到作者是如何使用逗號(hào)匹颤、冒號(hào)和分號(hào)傳達(dá)重要信息的。
逗號(hào) ( , ) 用于 and托猩、but印蓖、or 或 so 等連詞之前，連接兩個(gè)主句京腥。

• The links are part of the electronic text, and I tap on them to go to a networking site. 這些鏈接存在于電子文本中赦肃，我點(diǎn)擊鏈接，轉(zhuǎn)到一個(gè)網(wǎng)站公浪。
• I have a tablet, so I swipe the screen to turn pages. 我有一臺(tái)平板電腦他宛，因此我刷動(dòng)屏幕翻頁。

你也可以在引導(dǎo)性單詞欠气、短語或從句之后使用逗號(hào)厅各。

• Ideally, new technology should make reading even more relaxing. 理想狀況下，新技術(shù)應(yīng)該讓閱讀更加輕松预柒。
• In the late '90s, I read my first electronic book. 90 年代末队塘，我閱讀了我的第一本電子書袁梗。
• When I was growing up, I read two newspapers a day. 在我長(zhǎng)大的時(shí)候，我每天看兩份報(bào)紙憔古。

使用逗號(hào)分隔三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的項(xiàng)目遮怜，and 前面不用逗號(hào)。

• I read on my phone, my tablet, my notebook and my desktop computer. 我在我的手機(jī)鸿市、平板電腦锯梁、筆記本電腦和臺(tái)式電腦上閱讀。
• You swipe the screen, tap the word and follow the link. 你刷動(dòng)屏幕焰情，點(diǎn)擊單詞涝桅，然后追蹤鏈接。

在主句后面使用冒號(hào) ( : )烙样，引出密切相關(guān)的信息冯遂，比如一種解釋或清單內(nèi)的物品。

• An e-reader is important to me for one reason: I can carry lots of books on one small device. 電子閱讀器對(duì)我來說重要的原因在于：我能夠在一部小小的設(shè)備上裝許許多多的書谒获。
• Right now, I've got four things to read on my tablet: a crime novel, a graphic novel about monsters, a newspaper and a magazine with healthy recipes. 目前蛤肌，我的平板電腦有四種讀物：一部犯罪小說、一本描寫怪獸的圖畫小說批狱、一份報(bào)紙和一本介紹健康食譜的雜志裸准。

你可以在兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子之間，或者一個(gè)完整句和一個(gè)從句之間使用分號(hào) ( ; )赔硫，連接兩個(gè)密切相關(guān)的看法炒俱。分號(hào)可以替代諸如 but 和 and 等連詞。有時(shí)爪膊，使用分號(hào)比兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子更為有效权悟。

• With paper media, I use my fingers to turn a page; with electronic media, I use my fingers for swiping. 用紙質(zhì)媒體閱讀時(shí)，我用手指翻頁推盛；用電子媒體閱讀時(shí)峦阁，我用手指刷動(dòng)屏幕。
• Paper books are too heavy; e-readers, too light. 紙質(zhì)書太重耘成，電子閱讀器太輕榔昔。

Just a few years ago, our reading was limited to the printed page. Digital publishing changed all that. People read on tablets, e-readers, laptops, desktop computers, phones and even wearable computers. Instead of carrying around a heavy backpack of textbooks, students can do all of their schoolwork on a tablet. What if you don't understand something in your digital textbook? Just tap on a link on your gadget; a pop-up window immediately provides you with helpful information. Even better, a video might pop up to provide an explanation. As a bonus, electronic communications media allows you to change the font size to make things easier to read.

Another huge difference with digital media is that anyone can easily and inexpensively self-publish. In other words, you are able to create your own original publications: poetry on a website, an essay for a blog or even an e-book for an online publisher or bookstore. As a result, there are millions of fascinating texts to read that were never available before. A favorite of mine is a blog called 'New Media, New Life,' where dozens of authors write about how they use new forms of media. Our personal world is becoming a bigger place because of electronic media. Between the pleasure of using convenient new reading gadgets and the flexibility that digital text offers, people have been freed from the limits of paper.