經(jīng)過(guò)了一個(gè)星期的努力捏题，終于是把自己的個(gè)人博客上線到自己的阿里云服務(wù)器上www.fortable.cn，半年前買的域名和服務(wù)器也是終于有了內(nèi)容纵菌。在這期間，也經(jīng)過(guò)了不少坑玄柠，現(xiàn)在把這些都記錄下來(lái)突梦。我將從django(zinnia)-->uwsgi+nginx-->postgresql-->qiniuyun這個(gè)順序逐一記錄。由于本人在開發(fā)的時(shí)候是使用的ubuntu16.04 64位系統(tǒng)羽利。aliyun上使用的是centos7.3 64位系統(tǒng)宫患。在移植的過(guò)程中還經(jīng)過(guò)了不少坑，現(xiàn)在一一記錄下來(lái)铐伴。

目錄 (Table of Contents)

[TOC]

1.zinnia

本人采用的是github上比較熱門的django開源項(xiàng)目zinnia-0.18.1撮奏，詳細(xì)的使用方法查看此開源項(xiàng)目的官方文檔。在此開發(fā)過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)所有項(xiàng)目的官方文檔和程序的log日志是解決問(wèn)題的終極大招当宴。

安裝virtualenv

每一個(gè)python項(xiàng)目最好使用獨(dú)立的python環(huán)境.

pip install virtualenv                      #安裝virtualenv
cd yourProPath/                             #進(jìn)入你的項(xiàng)目目錄上一級(jí)
virtualenv --no-site-packages venv          #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)沒(méi)有其他多余安裝包的干凈環(huán)境畜吊，生成目錄venv。
source venv/bin/activate                    #激活環(huán)境
pip install "packages"                      #安裝你所需要的包户矢，切記前面不要加sudo,否則pytho包會(huì)安裝在電腦環(huán)境中
deactivate                                  #退出當(dāng)前python環(huán)境

加速pip install 方法
1.proxychains pip install package; #如果電腦上安裝代理可以使用官方鏡像
2.pip install 'package' -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com #國(guó)內(nèi)使用豆瓣鏡像

注：如果windows用戶出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤： failed to compile wheel 根據(jù)提示去微軟官網(wǎng)下載 VCforpy27.msi 安裝即可

安裝項(xiàng)目所需要的python包

所需要下載的python包配置清單已經(jīng)上傳至我的github空間,下載下來(lái)然后使用

pip install -r require.txt

運(yùn)行zinnia

依照zinnia的官方教程玲献，對(duì)settings.py和urls.py進(jìn)行設(shè)置，然后

python manage.py migrate                        #將model數(shù)據(jù)寫入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中梯浪，創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080         #將djano服務(wù)拉起來(lái)捌年，即可在瀏覽器中看見(jiàn)頁(yè)面
###**設(shè)置admin用戶**
python manage.py createsuperuser                #按照提示輸入用戶名密碼即可
python manage.py changepassword username        #修改用戶名密碼
python manage.py shell                          #進(jìn)入django SHELL 界面

其他的一些功能設(shè)置可以參考官方教程。

2.Centos上利用 uwsgi+nginx部署django

在centos上安裝uwsgi和nginx

安裝uwsgi: pip install uwsgi
安裝nginx: sudo yum install nginx

設(shè)置uwsgi和nginx

新建一個(gè)uwsgi.ini設(shè)置如下：

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:3316    #用端口連接nginx
#http =127.0.0.1:80
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           =/home/chongjie/service/blog/djangosite     #django目錄
# Django's wsgi file
module          = djangosite.wsgi                                   
# the virtualenv (full path)
home            = /home/chongjie/service/venv
# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
#socket          = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock                      #用socket文件連接
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true
#print log file
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi.log                           #日志文件地址挂洛，需要自己創(chuàng)建

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 設(shè)置nginx

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user root;                    //改成root用戶 不然會(huì)出現(xiàn)訪問(wèn)permission denied
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;    //error log 日志 在調(diào)試的時(shí)候非常有用
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
#include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  47.74.135.66;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location /static/ {
                alias /home/chongjie/service/blog/djangosite/staticfile/;      #設(shè)置為django的靜態(tài)文件夾（后面講這個(gè)文件夾怎么生成）
                }
        location / {
            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:3316;            #uwsgi的對(duì)接port口
            include   uwsgi_params;                  #在/etc/nginx的目錄里面的文件 uwsgi的補(bǔ)充協(xié)議
           # include   /etc/nginx/mime.types;
             }
            error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
    ssl off;
}

然后

uwsgi uwsgi.ini
service nginx start

則配置好了對(duì)應(yīng)的nginx+uwsgi.在對(duì)nginx.conf再次編輯時(shí)礼预，可以使用nginx -t檢查配置文件正確與否，如果返回ok,用 -s reload 重新加載配置文件虏劲，nginx里面一定要設(shè)置django的靜態(tài)文件夾托酸，不然網(wǎng)頁(yè)會(huì)找不到樣式

3.zinnia進(jìn)階--settings.py文件詳解

下面是我的settings.py的全部?jī)?nèi)容

""
Django settings for djangosite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.10.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '7v2v5d3b-qqdsadmgqy8880kk)-w%b8rq(3wjmgd!bi2ye)f-lmq4'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

SITE_ID  = 2
# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django_comments',
    'mptt',
    'tagging',
    'theme',
    'zinnia_bootstrap',
    'zinnia',
    'django.contrib.sitemaps',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'djangosite.urls'


TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [
                os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates'),
                os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'tempaltes','zinnia'),
                ],
        'APP_DIRS': False,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                'django.template.context_processors.i18n',
                'zinnia.context_processors.version',
            ],
            'loaders':[
                'app_namespace.Loader',
                'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
                'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
                ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'djangosite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
       # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
       # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'ENGINE' : 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME' : 'blog',
        'USER' : 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD' : '**********',
        'HOST' : '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT' : '5432',
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"staticfile/")
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),]


#--media--qiniuyun server
QINIU_ACCESS_KEY = 'wCdL4z3ix7Zk5pKXfGHvlq8AGKLNioocpHaRd7SH'
QINIU_SECRET_KEY = 'sdF8fSoPSOKkbLbM6XETxQ4o7s3Wc9Y4fP4xg87G'
QINIU_BUCKET_NAME = 'fortable'
QINIU_BUCKET_DOMAIN = 'ot27paxji.bkt.clouddn.com/'
QINIU_SECURE_URL = False      #using http 

PREFIX_URL = 'http://'

MEDIA_URL = PREFIX_URL + QINIU_BUCKET_DOMAIN + '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'qiniustorage.backends.QiniuMediaStorage'
#--media-- local server
#MEDIA_URL ='/media/'
#MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')

ZINNIA_MARKUP_LANGUAGE = 'markdown'
ZINNIA_MARKDOWN_EXTENSIONS = ['markdown.extensions.extra',
                        'markdown.extensions.abbr',
                        'markdown.extensions.attr_list',
                        'markdown.extensions.def_list',
                        'markdown.extensions.fenced_code',
                        'markdown.extensions.footnotes',
                        'markdown.extensions.tables',
                        'markdown.extensions.smart_strong',
                        'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
                        'markdown.extensions.admonition',
                        'markdown.extensions.headerid',
                        'markdown.extensions.meta',
                        'markdown.extensions.nl2br',
                        'markdown.extensions.sane_lists',
                        'markdown.extensions.smarty',
                        'markdown.extensions.toc',
                        'markdown.extensions.wikilinks',
]

#EMAIL
#EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django_smtp_ssl.SSLEmailBackend'

# Host for sending e-mail.
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'

# Port for sending e-mailt
EMAIL_PORT = '465'

# Optional SMTP authentication information for EMAIL_HOST.
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '****'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '*******'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True

EMAIL_TIMEOUT = 10
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER
#EMAIL_USE_SSL = True

靜態(tài)文件的設(shè)置

如果需要修改zinnia模板的對(duì)應(yīng)靜態(tài)圖標(biāo)和圖片等，則需要重載靜態(tài)文件或者media文件柒巫。static files和media files的設(shè)置和網(wǎng)頁(yè)樣式的自定義差不多励堡，也是重載對(duì)應(yīng)的目錄，并將對(duì)應(yīng)的地址注冊(cè)到settings.py文件里面堡掏，具體參考django settings 官方文檔 .主要settings.py設(shè)計(jì)代碼如下：

#static settings
STATIC_URL = '/static/'        #和manage.py同級(jí)目錄的static文件夾   
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"staticfile/")        #python manage.py collectstatic 靜態(tài)文件存放地址
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),]   #在這里面加入你所需要更改的靜態(tài)文件
#media settings
MEDIA_URL ='/media/'                                            #和manage.py同級(jí)目錄的media文件夾
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')    #media文件路由地址应结，保存上傳文件的文件夾

STATIC_ROOT：運(yùn)行上邊提到的命令：python manage.py collectstatic 之后靜態(tài)文件將要復(fù)制到的目錄，這個(gè)目錄只有在運(yùn)行collectstatic時(shí)候才會(huì)用到泉唁，不能想當(dāng)然的以為這個(gè)目錄和MEDIA_ROOT的作用是相同的鹅龄，否則在開發(fā)環(huán)境的時(shí)候可能一直無(wú)法找到靜態(tài)文件。
STATIC_URL：設(shè)置的static file的起始url亭畜，這個(gè)只是在template里邊引用到扮休，這個(gè)參數(shù)和MEDIA_URL的含義相同，
STATICFILES_DIRS：和TEMPLATE_DIRS的含義差不多贱案，就是除了各個(gè)app的static目錄以外還需要管理的靜態(tài)文件設(shè)置，比如項(xiàng)目的公共文件差不多。
各個(gè)app目錄下的靜態(tài)文件static/django會(huì)自動(dòng)找到宝踪，這個(gè)點(diǎn)和app下的templates目錄下差不多侨糟。

網(wǎng)頁(yè)樣式的自定義

靜態(tài)模板的修改，可以參考馬志鋒--邊做邊學(xué)瘩燥，Python&Django實(shí)戰(zhàn)教程-10-修改顯示模板秕重。主要是重載對(duì)應(yīng)的你所所需的模板文件比如skeleton.html和base.html，并且將重載的文件夾地址寫入對(duì)應(yīng) TEMPLATES.’DIRS‘里面

mail郵箱的設(shè)置

剛開始參考網(wǎng)上的設(shè)置厉膀，找了好久沒(méi)有找到溶耘，終于找到有一個(gè)參考的答案
settings.py的設(shè)置如下：

#EMAIL
#EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'  #不是用這個(gè)
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django_smtp_ssl.SSLEmailBackend'                     #正確的用這個(gè)

# Host for sending e-mail.
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'

# Port for sending e-mailt
EMAIL_PORT = '465'

# Optional SMTP authentication information for EMAIL_HOST.
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '****'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '*******'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True

EMAIL_TIMEOUT = 10
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER
#EMAIL_USE_SSL = True

首先阿里云將smtp 25端口永久封死，即使你在安全策略里面將25端口打開服鹅，使用 telnet smtp.qq.com 25 或者telnet smtp.163.com 25都是ping不同的凳兵，只有使用默認(rèn)的ssl 465端口。1.你需要把你的郵箱開啟smtp服務(wù)企软，我這里使用的是QQ郵箱庐扫，將會(huì)生成一個(gè)password，將該password放置在settings.py的文件里面仗哨。2.為了使用’django_smtp_ssl.SSLEmailBackend‘這個(gè)模塊 形庭，需要安裝[django-smtp-ssl]。3.在使用過(guò)程中可能ssl連接回報(bào)錯(cuò)“SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed”厌漂，在網(wǎng)上搜索說(shuō)時(shí)因?yàn)閜ython2.7在連進(jìn)行ssl認(rèn)證促互搓萨醒，在命令行輸入如下就可解決

cat /etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt >>$(python -c 'import requests; print requests.certs.where()')

，具體參考網(wǎng)址點(diǎn)擊

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的設(shè)置

如果使用程序默認(rèn)的則是sqlite數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)苇倡，在該項(xiàng)目中本人修改位postgresql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)富纸，首先Ubuntud額Pg和centos的Pg安裝很不一樣
ubuntu下面：

sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib

centos 7.0安裝比較麻煩，具體參考教程
安裝完畢后雏节，系統(tǒng)回自動(dòng)生成一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)超級(jí)用戶"postgres"胜嗓，初始密碼位空。后續(xù)設(shè)置如下：

sudo passwd postgres                        //輸入新密碼
sudo -i -u postgres                        //按提示輸入新密碼
psql                                       //進(jìn)入postgres命令行工具psql
\password postgres                         //設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)密碼
Enter new password
CREATE DATABASE  dbname                   //創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)dbname
\q                                        //退出

配置完成后記得進(jìn)入manage.py目錄下

python manage.py makemigrations            //生成移植中間文件
python manage.py migrate                   //同步到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

漢語(yǔ)顯示

參照settings.py設(shè)置成中文即可

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

4.七牛云設(shè)置

使用七牛云存儲(chǔ)靜態(tài)文件或者media文件钩乍。具體實(shí)施方案參考網(wǎng)址