【Centos7】如何靜態(tài)名稱下綁定USB設備

問題：
有多個攝像頭缓呛，需要每次設備啟動欣硼，固定的攝像頭的設備號都不變（video0 video1 video2 每次都對應之前的攝像頭）

每個USB都有個編號先紫，確保插入的USB不變更石抡，或者大小順序不變赐纱，每次重啟，內核設備號是從USB編號從小到大依次編號的病涨。

可以通過以下命令查看video設備對應的設備號：

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@localhost SD_IR]# ls -lR /dev/ |grep video
crw-rw----. 1 root video    81,   0 Mar 30 22:17 video0
crw-rw----. 1 root video    81,   1 Mar 30 22:17 video1
crw-rw----. 1 root video    81,   2 Mar 30 22:17 video2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Mar 30 22:17 81:0 -> ../video0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Mar 30 22:17 81:1 -> ../video1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Mar 30 22:17 81:2 -> ../video2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 12 Mar 30 22:17 usb-HD_Camera_Manufacturer_USB_2.0_Camera-video-index0 -> ../../video0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 12 Mar 30 22:17 pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:1:1.0-video-index0 -> ../../video0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 12 Mar 30 22:17 pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.0-video-index0 -> ../../video1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 12 Mar 30 22:17 pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:6:1.0-video-index0 -> ../../video2

可以看到富玷，video0對應的USB為pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:1:1.0-video-index0
video1對應的USB為pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.0-video-index0
video2對應的USB為pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:6:1.0-video-index0

usb-0:1 usb-0:2 usb-0:6 這個跟USB是一一對應的，每次重啟不會變既穆。

修改udev rules的方法：

檢查設備video0的變量：

[root@localhost SD_IR]# udevadm info -a -p  $(udevadm info -q path -n /dev/video0)

Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.

  looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0/video4linux/video0':
    KERNEL=="video0"
    SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux"
    DRIVER==""
    ATTR{name}=="USB 2.0 Camera"
    ATTR{debug}=="0"
    ATTR{index}=="0"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0':
    KERNELS=="3-1:1.0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="uvcvideo"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="0e"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionClass}=="0e"
    ATTRS{iad_bFirstInterface}=="00"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="01"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="01"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionSubClass}=="03"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="1"
    ATTRS{iad_bInterfaceCount}=="02"
    ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 0"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00"
    ATTRS{interface}=="HD USB Camera"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-1':
    KERNELS=="3-1"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="02"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="1"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="05a3"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 2"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="2"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="500mA"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="80"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="0"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0100"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="54163754"
    ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="HD Camera Manufacturer"
    ATTRS{removable}=="removable"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="9230"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="ef"
    ATTRS{product}=="USB 2.0 Camera"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3':
    KERNELS=="usb3"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="0"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="1"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="0mA"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="12"
    ATTRS{interface_authorized_default}=="1"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0310"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{serial}=="0000:00:14.0"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="417"
    ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 xhci-hcd"
    ATTRS{removable}=="unknown"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="0002"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09"
    ATTRS{product}=="xHCI Host Controller"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0':
    KERNELS=="0000:00:14.0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
    DRIVERS=="xhci_hcd"
    ATTRS{irq}=="28"
    ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x8086"
    ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
    ATTRS{class}=="0x0c0330"
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"
    ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="64"
    ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="64"
    ATTRS{local_cpus}=="f"
    ATTRS{device}=="0x8c31"
    ATTRS{enable}=="1"
    ATTRS{msi_bus}==""
    ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-3"
    ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"
    ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x8c31"
    ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1"
    ATTRS{d3cold_allowed}=="1"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
    KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
    SUBSYSTEMS==""
    DRIVERS==""

檢查設備video1的變量：

[root@localhost SD_IR]# udevadm info -a -p  $(udevadm info -q path -n /dev/video1)

Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.

  looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.0/video4linux/video1':
    KERNEL=="video1"
    SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux"
    DRIVER==""
    ATTR{name}=="USB 2.0 Camera"
    ATTR{debug}=="0"
    ATTR{index}=="0"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.0':
    KERNELS=="3-2:1.0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="uvcvideo"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="0e"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionClass}=="0e"
    ATTRS{iad_bFirstInterface}=="00"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="01"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="01"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionSubClass}=="03"
    ATTRS{iad_bFunctionProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="1"
    ATTRS{iad_bInterfaceCount}=="02"
    ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 0"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00"
    ATTRS{interface}=="HD USB Camera"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2':
    KERNELS=="3-2"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="02"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="2"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="05a3"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 2"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="500mA"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="80"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="0"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0100"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="53656605"
    ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="HD Camera Manufacturer"
    ATTRS{removable}=="removable"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="9230"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="ef"
    ATTRS{product}=="USB 2.0 Camera"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3':
    KERNELS=="usb3"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="0"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="1"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="0mA"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="12"
    ATTRS{interface_authorized_default}=="1"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0310"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{serial}=="0000:00:14.0"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="417"
    ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 xhci-hcd"
    ATTRS{removable}=="unknown"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="0002"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09"
    ATTRS{product}=="xHCI Host Controller"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0':
    KERNELS=="0000:00:14.0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
    DRIVERS=="xhci_hcd"
    ATTRS{irq}=="28"
    ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x8086"
    ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
    ATTRS{class}=="0x0c0330"
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"
    ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="64"
    ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="64"
    ATTRS{local_cpus}=="f"
    ATTRS{device}=="0x8c31"
    ATTRS{enable}=="1"
    ATTRS{msi_bus}==""
    ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-3"
    ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"
    ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x8c31"
    ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1"
    ATTRS{d3cold_allowed}=="1"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
    KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
    SUBSYSTEMS==""
    DRIVERS==""

對比發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的是(每個攝像頭的urbnum都不一樣赎懦，顯然通過設置udev rules的方法不通用)：

ATTRS{urbnum}=="53656605"

對于udev rules的設置詳細可參考：
http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html

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【Centos7】如何靜態(tài)名稱下綁定USB設備

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