本文翻譯自：https://www.journaldev.com/1418/abstract-factory-design-pattern-in-java
Abstract Factory
如果你熟悉工廠方法模式（工廠模式），你會注意到我們只有一個工廠類仰冠，這個工廠類返回一個對象是基于你的輸入乏冀，然后做if-else判斷得到的。然而在抽象工廠模式中洋只，我們將擺脫這種方式辆沦，會基于輸入的工廠類型來做相應(yīng)的輸出；看起來是更加復(fù)雜了识虚，但是一旦掌握了肢扯，你會覺得它很簡單；so easy!
Abstract Factory Design Pattern Super Class and Subclasses
Computer.java
package com.journaldev.design.model;
public abstract class Computer {
public abstract String getRAM();
public abstract String getHDD();
public abstract String getCPU();
@Override
public String toString(){
return "RAM= "+this.getRAM()+", HDD="+this.getHDD()+", CPU="+this.getCPU();
}
}
PC.java
package com.journaldev.design.model;
public class PC extends Computer {
private String ram;
private String hdd;
private String cpu;
public PC(String ram, String hdd, String cpu){
this.ram=ram;
this.hdd=hdd;
this.cpu=cpu;
}
@Override
public String getRAM() {
return this.ram;
}
@Override
public String getHDD() {
return this.hdd;
}
@Override
public String getCPU() {
return this.cpu;
}
}
Server.java
package com.journaldev.design.model;
public class Server extends Computer {
private String ram;
private String hdd;
private String cpu;
public Server(String ram, String hdd, String cpu){
this.ram=ram;
this.hdd=hdd;
this.cpu=cpu;
}
@Override
public String getRAM() {
return this.ram;
}
@Override
public String getHDD() {
return this.hdd;
}
@Override
public String getCPU() {
return this.cpu;
}
}
Factory Class for Each subclass(針對每一個子類的工廠類)
ComputerAbstractFactory.java
package com.journaldev.design.abstractfactory;
import com.journaldev.design.model.Computer;
public interface ComputerAbstractFactory {
public Computer createComputer();
}
注意createComputer() 方法的返回類型是Computer舷礼，之后的工廠類將會實現(xiàn)這個接口鹃彻；
PCFactory.java
package com.journaldev.design.abstractfactory;
import com.journaldev.design.model.Computer;
import com.journaldev.design.model.PC;
public class PCFactory implements ComputerAbstractFactory {
private String ram;
private String hdd;
private String cpu;
public PCFactory(String ram, String hdd, String cpu){
this.ram=ram;
this.hdd=hdd;
this.cpu=cpu;
}
@Override
public Computer createComputer() {
return new PC(ram,hdd,cpu);
}
}
ServerFactory.java
package com.journaldev.design.abstractfactory;
import com.journaldev.design.model.Computer;
import com.journaldev.design.model.Server;
public class ServerFactory implements ComputerAbstractFactory {
private String ram;
private String hdd;
private String cpu;
public ServerFactory(String ram, String hdd, String cpu){
this.ram=ram;
this.hdd=hdd;
this.cpu=cpu;
}
@Override
public Computer createComputer() {
return new Server(ram,hdd,cpu);
}
}
ComputerFactory.java
package com.journaldev.design.abstractfactory;
import com.journaldev.design.model.Computer;
public class ComputerFactory {
public static Computer getComputer(ComputerAbstractFactory factory){
return factory.createComputer();
}
}
注意到這個是簡單的類，getComputer方法的參數(shù)是ComputerAbstractFactory妻献，至此整個實現(xiàn)需要簡潔明了蛛株；接下來請看一個小測試：
TestDesignPatterns.java
package com.journaldev.design.test;
import com.journaldev.design.abstractfactory.PCFactory;
import com.journaldev.design.abstractfactory.ServerFactory;
import com.journaldev.design.factory.ComputerFactory;
import com.journaldev.design.model.Computer;
public class TestDesignPatterns {
public static void main(String[] args) {
testAbstractFactory();
}
private static void testAbstractFactory() {
Computer pc = ComputerFactory.getComputer(new PCFactory("2 GB","500 GB","2.4 GHz"));
Computer server = ComputerFactory.getComputer(new ServerFactory("16 GB","1 TB","2.9 GHz"));
System.out.println("AbstractFactory PC Config::"+pc);
System.out.println("AbstractFactory Server Config::"+server);
}
}
輸出結(jié)果：
AbstractFactory PC Config::RAM= 2 GB, HDD=500 GB, CPU=2.4 GHz
AbstractFactory Server Config::RAM= 16 GB, HDD=1 TB, CPU=2.9 GHz
Abstract Factory Design Pattern Examples in JDK（抽象工廠模式在JDK中的運用）
- javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory#newInstance()
- javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory#newInstance()
- javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory#newInstance()
