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離婚，在中國有愈演愈烈之態(tài)徒扶，年年上升的離婚率粮彤，和不斷爆出的閃離事件，都很引人注目姜骡。幾年前曾流行一句話：80后不是離婚了驾诈，就是正走在離婚的路上，而今90后又成為了離婚的主力軍溶浴，情況有過之而無不及……

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Family relationships--Divorce: a love story

家庭關(guān)系——離婚：一個愛情故事

While the government talks up family values, marriage break-ups are soaring.

盡管政府在大力弘揚(yáng)家庭觀念，離婚率卻在暴漲

【1】Divorce rates are rising quickly across China. This is a remarkable transformation in a society where for centuries marriage was universal and mostly permanent (though convention permitted men to take?concubines). The trend reflects profound economic and social change. In the past 35 years, the biggest internal migration experienced by any country in human history has been?tearing?families apart. Traditional values have been giving way to more liberal ones. Women are becoming better educated, and more aware of their marital rights (they now initiate over half of all divorce cases). Greater?affluence?has made it easier for many people to?contemplate?living alone—no longer is there such an incentive to stay married in order to pool resources.

talk up：熱烈討論管引；大聲說話士败；坦白說話

[例句]Bob?can?really?talk?up?a?storm.

Bob說起話來真的可以滔滔不絕。

soaring：增長褥伴，近義詞還有咆哮式增長：roaring谅将；淹沒式增長：Flooding；爆炸式增長：booming重慢；加速增長：accelerating饥臂；增長：increasing，rising似踱，growing

concubines：妾隅熙，妃子

[例句]His concubine, mistress chen, was visiting with her old mother.

陳姨太也回到了她的年老的母親那里。

tearing：分裂核芽，撕碎囚戚，扯破

affluence：富裕; 富足

[例句]Pockets of affluence coexist with poverty

少數(shù)富裕地區(qū)與貧困地區(qū)并存。

contemplate：沉思轧简，深思熟慮

[例句]For a time he contemplated a career as an army medical doctor

有段時間驰坊，他考慮去當(dāng)軍醫(yī)。

中國的離婚率增長得很快哮独。這表明整個社會正在發(fā)生巨大改變拳芙，在過去的幾百年里，結(jié)婚是一件很普遍且持續(xù)終生的事（盡管傳統(tǒng)上允許男人納妾）皮璧。中國過去的35年經(jīng)歷了人類歷史上最大規(guī)模的遷移舟扎，這直接導(dǎo)致了無數(shù)家庭的分崩離析。傳統(tǒng)觀念讓位于更為自由的現(xiàn)代思想恶导。女性受教育程度增加浆竭，也越來越意識到她們在婚姻中的權(quán)利(如今超過一半的離婚申請都是由女方提出的)。物質(zhì)條件的改善讓很多人不再擔(dān)心獨(dú)自生活——不必再為共享資源而被迫綁在婚姻里。

【2】As long as both sides agree on terms, China is now among the easiest and cheapest places in the world to get a divorce. In many Western countries, including Britain, couples must separate for a period before?dissolving?a marriage; China has no such?constraints. In 2014, the latest year for which such data exist, about 3.6m couples?split up—more than double the number a decade earlier (they received a red?certificate, pictured, to prove it). The divorce rate—the number of cases per thousand people—also doubled in that period. It now stands at 2.7, well above the rate in most of Europe and approaching that of America, the most divorce-prone?Western country. Chongqing's rate, 4.4, is higher than America's.

dissolving：解除（婚姻關(guān)系）

constraints：約束邦泄，限制删窒，強(qiáng)制

[例句]Their decision to abandon the trip was made because of financial constraints

他們決定放棄這次出游是因?yàn)樨斄τ邢蕖?/p>

split up：（使）離婚

certificate：證明書，文憑

prone：有…傾向的

[例句]For all her experience, she was still prone to nerves.

盡管有經(jīng)驗(yàn)顺囊，她還是容易緊張肌索。

中國已經(jīng)成為全世界離婚最容易也是最便宜的國家之一，只要雙方同意即可特碳。在包括英國在內(nèi)的許多西方國家诚亚，夫妻雙方離婚前必須分居一段時間，而中國則沒有此限制午乓。據(jù)2014年最新統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示站宗，約有360萬對夫妻分道揚(yáng)鑣，比十年前翻了一倍還不止(離婚的人會領(lǐng)到離婚證并拍照)益愈。離婚率已上升至2.7梢灭，跟同期相比也增加了一倍，該比值已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)超歐洲蒸其，直追美國這一離婚率最高的西方國家敏释。而重慶的離婚率則沖破了美國的平均值，高達(dá)4.4摸袁。

［3］Helped by the huge movement of people from the countryside into cities, and the rapid spread of social media, the availability of potential?mates?has grown with astonishing speed, both geographically and?virtually. But many migrants marry in their home villages and often live apart from their?spouses?for?lengthy?periods. This has contributed to a big increase in extra?maritalliaisons. Married people previously had limited opportunities to meet members of the opposite sex in social situations, according to research by Li Xiaomin of Henan University. Peng Xiaobo, a divorce lawyer in Chongqing, reckons 60-70% of his clients have had affairs.

mates：（非正式）配偶

virtually：無形中; 實(shí)際上钥顽，實(shí)質(zhì)上，事實(shí)上靠汁，幾乎;

[例句]Virtually all cooking was done over coal-fired ranges.

差不多所有的烹飪都是在燃煤灶上進(jìn)行的蜂大。

spouses：配偶，夫或妻

lengthy：長期的膀曾，漫長的

marital：婚姻的县爬，夫妻（間）的

liaisons：（尤指一方或雙方已婚的）私通，私情添谊，通奸

由于人口大量從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移至城市财喳，再加上社交媒體的興起，在不同地域或不同年齡段內(nèi)找到另一半的幾率已經(jīng)比從前大得多斩狱。但很多背井離鄉(xiāng)的打工者都是先在家鄉(xiāng)結(jié)婚耳高，然后再和配偶長期分居，因此婚外情的現(xiàn)象越來越普遍所踊。河南大學(xué)的李曉敏研究表示泌枪，已婚人士在之前的社會條件下遇到異性的機(jī)會很有限。重慶的離婚律師彭小波也表示秕岛，他的客戶中有60%~70%的人都有過外遇碌燕。

［4］Such behavior has led to much soul-searching. The notion that “chopsticks come in pairs” is still?prevalent;?Propaganda?posters?preach?Confucian-style family virtues using pictures of happy, multi-generation families. Many?commentators?in the official media talk of separation as a sign of moral failure; they?fret?that it?signifies?the decline of marriage, and of family as a social unit—a threat, as they see it, to social stability and even a cause of crime. The spread of “Western values” is often blamed.

prevalent：流行的误证；盛行的；普遍的

Propaganda：宣傳修壕，宣傳運(yùn)動

[例句]The Front adopted an aggressive propaganda campaign against its rivals.

該陣線采用激進(jìn)的宣傳手段對付它的對手愈捅。

preach：宣揚(yáng)，說教

Confucian：孔子的慈鸠，儒家的蓝谨，儒學(xué)的

commentators：（電臺的）時事評論員，實(shí)況廣播報導(dǎo)員青团；注解者譬巫，注釋者; 評論員，解說員

[例句]A. M. Babu is a commentator on African affairs.

A.M.巴布是一位非洲事務(wù)評論員督笆。

fret：苦惱芦昔，煩惱，發(fā)愁

signify：意味娃肿，預(yù)示烟零，表示…的意思

[例句]The contrasting approaches to Europe signified a sharp difference between the major parties

對歐洲截然不同的態(tài)度表明兩大政黨間存在巨大差異。

此舉也給人們帶來了深思咸作。熟語“筷子成雙成對，永不分離”一直深入人心宵睦。媒體也用四世同堂的和美家庭圖畫來倡導(dǎo)傳統(tǒng)儒家家庭美德记罚。官方論及離婚，通常認(rèn)為是道德風(fēng)氣敗壞所致壳嚎。他們擔(dān)憂這標(biāo)志著婚姻與家庭作為社會組成的意義大幅銳減——正如他們所能預(yù)見的桐智，離婚對于社會的穩(wěn)定性以及犯罪都是一大威脅。這些也常歸咎于“西方價值觀”的“泛濫”烟馅。

［5］But marriage is not losing its?lustra. In most countries, rising divorce rates coincide with more births out of?wedlock?and a fall in marriage rates. China?bucks?both these trends.?Remarriage?is common too. The Chinese have not fallen out of love with marriage—only with each other.

lustra：（古羅馬每五年人口普查后舉行的）驅(qū)邪儀式说庭，（古羅馬的）人口普查，五年時間(lustrum的復(fù)數(shù))郑趁，（古羅馬每五年人口普查后舉行的）驅(qū)邪儀式刊驴，（古羅馬的）人口普查，五年時間( lustrum的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )

wedlock：結(jié)婚生活寡润，婚姻捆憎，結(jié)婚的狀態(tài)

[例句]Children born out of wedlock enjoy the same right of inheritance as children born in lawful wedlock.

非婚生子女享有與婚生子女同等的繼承權(quán)。

bucks：抵抗梭纹；抵制躲惰；反抗

Remarriage：再婚

但是婚姻并未失去它的魅力。在大多數(shù)國家变抽，與飆升的離婚率并發(fā)的還有婚外生子率的增加础拨、結(jié)婚率的下降氮块。中國卻違背了這兩種趨勢。再婚現(xiàn)象也司空見慣诡宗。中國人并沒有失去對婚姻之愛滔蝉，只是他們不再愛對方而已。

［6］It is tradition itself that is partly to blame for rising divorce rates. China's legal marriage age for men, 22, is the highest in the world. But conservative attitudes to?premarital?relationships result in Chinese youths having fewer of them than their?counterparts?in the West (they are urged to concentrate on their studies and careers, rather than socialize or explore). Living together before marriage is still rare, although that is changing among educated?youngsters. People still face social pressure to marry in their 20s. Their?inexperience?makes it more than usually difficult for them to select a good partner.

premarital：婚前的

[例句]I rejected the teaching that premarital sex was immoral.

我反對宣揚(yáng)婚前性行為不道德的說教僚焦。

counterparts：職能(或地位)相當(dāng)?shù)娜?/p>

youngsters：年輕人锰提，（尤指）少年，兒童

inexperience：缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)芳悲，不成熟

不斷攀升的離婚率部分是由傳統(tǒng)觀念本身所致立肘。男性的法定結(jié)婚年齡是22歲(世上最大的婚齡)。但是中國年輕人對待婚前關(guān)系持保守態(tài)度名扛，這就造成與西方的同齡人相比谅年，他們中已婚的反倒還要少些(他們被迫關(guān)注于自己的學(xué)習(xí)與事業(yè)，而不是去與異性接觸肮韧、交往)融蹂。婚前同居試婚仍舊罕見弄企，盡管在一些受過教育的年輕人當(dāng)中這一趨勢日益改變超燃。20多歲的未婚青年還面臨著社會輿論壓力。再加上拘领，他們經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足意乓，更難找到好的靈魂伴侶。

［7］Couples' ageing relatives are part of the problem too. Yan Yunxiang of the University of California, Los Angeles, says “parent-driven divorce” is becoming more common. As a result of China's one-child-per-couple policy (recently changed to a two-child one), many people have no?siblings?to share the burden of looking after parents and grandparents. Thus couples often find themselves living with, or being watched over by, several—often?contending—elders. Mr Yan says the older ones'?interference?fuels?conjugal?conflict. Sometimes parents urge their children to divorce their partners as a way to deal with?rifts.

siblings：兄弟姐妹

[例句]His siblings are mostly in their early twenties

他的兄弟姐妹大多二十出頭约素。

contend：競爭届良，爭奪

interference：干涉，干擾

fuels：給…加燃料圣猎，給…加油

conjugal：婚姻的士葫，夫妻之間的

[例句]The gens attempted to uproot the entire conjugal system of the period by its direct action.

氏族組織曾打算采取直接行動根除這個時期流行的整個同居制度。

rifts：?裂隙送悔；不和慢显；分裂

夫婦的老年親屬也是他們離婚的誘因之一。來自洛杉磯加利佛尼亞大學(xué)的閻云翔指出“父母促使的離婚案件”也越來越常見欠啤。中國的獨(dú)生子女政策造成許多人沒有兄弟姐妹來分擔(dān)照顧父母與祖父母的重?fù)?dān)鳍怨。因此夫妻常常與多個(通常是相互不和的)長輩同住或者受到他們的監(jiān)視。閻云翔稱長輩的干擾會給夫妻間的沖突火上澆油跪妥。甚至有時父母會迫使他們的子女與另一半離婚以解決家庭的矛盾沖突鞋喇。

［8］Women are more likely to be the ones who suffer financially when this happens. Rising divorce rates reflect the spread of more tolerant,?permissive?values towards women, but legislation tends to favour men in divorce?settlements. A legal?interpretation?issued in 2003 says that if a divorce is?disputed, property bought for one partner by a spouse's parents before marriage can?revert?to the partner alone. That usually means the husband's family: they often try to increase their child's ability to attract a mate by buying him a home.

permissive：放任的，容許的眉撵，寬大的侦香，自由的

settlements：結(jié)算; 解決( settlement的名詞復(fù)數(shù) ); <律>金錢或財產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)讓（契約）

[例句]He urged employers and trade unions to adapt their pay settlements to the economic circumstances.

他敦促雇主和工會根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件調(diào)整工資方案落塑。

interpretation：解釋，說明罐韩，闡釋

disputed：辯論憾赁，爭論

revert：恢復(fù)，重提

而當(dāng)夫妻離婚時散吵，更易遭受經(jīng)濟(jì)重創(chuàng)的一方是女性龙考。攀升的離婚率也反映了社會對女性更為包容的價值觀，但是司法體系更照顧離婚案件中男性的利益矾睦。2003年頒布的新婚姻法解釋指出如果有離婚糾紛晦款，婚前由一方父母出資為子女購買的不動產(chǎn)會被認(rèn)定為夫妻一方的個人財產(chǎn)。這通常意味著男方家庭會努力購置房屋以增加他們求偶的吸引力枚冗。

［9］In 2011 the?Supreme?Court?went further. It ruled that in contested cases (as about one-fifth of divorces are), the property would be considered that of one partner alone if that partner's parents had bought it for him or her after the couple had got married. In addition, if one partner (rather than his or her parents) had bought a home before the couple?wed, that person could be?awarded?sole?ownership by a divorce court. This ruling has put women at a disadvantage too: by?convention?they are less often named on?deeds.

Supreme Court：最高法院

wed：與…結(jié)婚

awarded：給予缓溅；判給

sole：唯一的，單獨(dú)的赁温，專有的

convention： 習(xí)俗坛怪，慣例，常規(guī)

deeds：行為股囊，行動袜匿，事跡

[例句]His heroic deeds were celebrated in every corner of India.

他的英勇事跡在印度各地廣為傳頌。

2011年稚疹，最高法院又進(jìn)一步裁定如果婚后一方父母為子女出資購買不動產(chǎn)沉帮，該不動產(chǎn)應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為夫妻一方個人財產(chǎn)。另外贫堰，如果婚前一方(而不是一方的父母)購買的房產(chǎn)，那么該房產(chǎn)應(yīng)歸購買房產(chǎn)者(產(chǎn)權(quán)登記者)一人所有待牵。這樣的判決也使女性處于不利地位：依照規(guī)約而言其屏，她們在家庭里的苦勞、功勞不再像以前那么被看重缨该。

［10］In practice, if the couple has children the person with?custody?often keeps the home—more often the mother. Yet the court's interpretation sets a worrying?precedent?for divorced women. Their difficulties may be?compounded?by the two-child policy, which came into effect on January 1st. If couples have two children and both partners want custody, judges often?assign?parents one child each. Marriage and the family are still strong in China—but children clearly lie in a different asset class.

custody：監(jiān)管; 拘留偎行，羈押; 撫養(yǎng)權(quán)，監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)

[例句]I'm going to go to court to get custody of the children

我將起訴贰拿，要求獲得孩子們的監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)蛤袒。

precedent：先例，前例

compounded：混合膨更，組合

assign：分配

事實(shí)上妙真，如果夫妻有小孩，有監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的一方一般享有房屋——通常是指母親荚守。然而依照最高法院頒布的解釋珍德，這項(xiàng)判例令離異女性處境堪憂练般。此外，一月一日開始生效的二孩政策又加劇了她們的困境锈候。如果夫妻有兩個小孩薄料，而雙方都要監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)，那么法官通常會判決雙方分別撫養(yǎng)一個小孩泵琳∩阒埃婚姻與家庭觀念在中國依舊很強(qiáng)——但是孩子很明顯地又是另一項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)。

我們應(yīng)該辯證的看待離婚率上升這個問題获列，一方面谷市，現(xiàn)在個體更加自由，選擇空間增大蛛倦，婚姻沒有必要為了維持而維持歌懒，年輕人放棄不合適的婚姻未必是壞事，女性也因此一定程度上得以逃脫家庭暴力等問題的壓迫和欺凌溯壶。但是另一方面及皂，頻發(fā)的閃離等事件也暴露了一些問題，年青一代對婚姻的認(rèn)知可能并不正確且改，獨(dú)身子女長大后往往沒有學(xué)會足夠的包容验烧。年輕情侶應(yīng)該在婚姻問題上更加謹(jǐn)慎，避免盲目結(jié)婚后又匆匆離婚造成的傷害又跛。

英文原文：http://www.economist.com

講解：霞姐 / Tiassa / Angel

編排 / 校對：Angel

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