svg-animate
在前端開發(fā)中經(jīng)常需要一些過渡動畫，可以借助SVG作為背景動畫實(shí)現(xiàn)糜颠。
animate
svg中animate元素可以用于實(shí)現(xiàn)動畫效果
- attributeName
定義發(fā)生變化的元素屬性名 - attributeType
當(dāng)attributeType="XML"時硝拧，attributeName被認(rèn)為是XML的屬性曙博；當(dāng)attributeType="CSS"時悔醋，attributeName被認(rèn)為是css的屬性唠摹；不指定attributeType時隆敢，默認(rèn)為"auto"晴竞，會先將attributeName作為css的屬性，如果無效种呐，再將attributeName作為XML的屬性宰翅。 - from、to爽室、by
from和to分別定義發(fā)生變化的屬性的初始值和終止值汁讼。from可缺省，表示初始值即為animate父元素相應(yīng)的屬性值『偌埽可用by替換to瓶珊，表示變化偏移量∷时耄可以理解為to = from + by伞芹。 - begin、dur搜囱、end
begin定義動畫開始時間丑瞧；dur定義動畫所需時間；end定義動畫終止時間蜀肘。時間單位h：小時；min：分鐘稽屏；s：秒扮宠；ms：毫秒。默認(rèn)時間單位為：s - fill
當(dāng)fill="freeze"時狐榔，動畫終止時坛增，發(fā)生變化的元素屬性值停留在動畫終止時的狀態(tài)；當(dāng)fill="remove"時薄腻，動畫終止時收捣，發(fā)生變化的元素屬性值回復(fù)到動畫起始時的狀態(tài)。fill屬性默認(rèn)值為：remove庵楷。
<rect x="10" y="10" width="200" height="20" stroke="green" fill="none">
<animate attributeName="width" attributeType="XML"
from="20" to="200" begin="0s" dur="3s" fill="freeze" />
</rect>
以上代碼會實(shí)現(xiàn)一個綠色正方形逐漸拉長的動畫罢艾。
animateTransform
實(shí)現(xiàn)transform屬性改變的動畫，使用animateTransform來替代animate元素尽纽。
animateTransform的attributeName指定為transform咐蚯，用type屬性指定需要改變的屬性，如：translate弄贿，scale春锋，rotate，skewX差凹，skewY等期奔。
animateTransform還有個additive屬性。默認(rèn)情況下additive屬性值為replace危尿，表示當(dāng)前animateTransform的初始狀態(tài)與之前的animateTransform變化結(jié)果無關(guān)呐萌，如果additive="sum"，表示當(dāng)前animateTransform的變化基于之前的animateTransform變化之上脚线。
<rect x="10" y="10" width="20" height="20" style="fill: #ff9; stroke: black;">
<animateTransform id="a1" attributeName="transform" attributeType="XML" type="scale" from="1" to="4 2" additive="sum" begin="0s" dur="4s" fill="freeze"></animateTransform>
<animateTransform attributeName="transform" attributeType="XML" type="rotate" from="0" to="45" additive="sum" begin="a1.end" dur="4s" fill="freeze"></animateTransform>
</rect>
animateMotion
animateMotion可以實(shí)現(xiàn)單憑css動畫屬性無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的效果搁胆。
animateMotion可以讓父元素沿著指定的路徑運(yùn)動，如：
<g>
<rect x="0" y="0" width="50" height="30" style="fill: #ccc;"/>
<circle cx="40" cy="30" r="10" style="fill: #fff; stroke: black;"/>
<circle cx="10" cy="30" r="10" style="fill: #fff; stroke: black;"/>
<animateMotion path="M50,125 C 100,25 150,225, 200, 125" dur="4s" fill="freeze"/>
</g>
animateMotion有個rotate屬性，默認(rèn)為0渠旁，元素在運(yùn)動時不會旋轉(zhuǎn)攀例。當(dāng)設(shè)置為auto時，元素對應(yīng)的水平軸會始終與path路徑保持水平顾腊。
loading效果
利用background-image屬性顯示svg動畫作為loading狀態(tài)粤铭，注意url后需要添加數(shù)據(jù)說明：data:image/svg+xml,
公共css
.loading {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
}
html
<div class="loading loading-audio"></div>
<div class="loading loading-ball-triangle"></div>
<div class="loading loading-bars"></div>
<div class="loading loading-circles"></div>
<div class="loading loading-grid"></div>
<div class="loading loading-oval"></div>
<div class="loading loading-puff"></div>
<div class="loading loading-spinning-circles"></div>
<div class="loading loading-tail-spin"></div>
<div class="loading loading-three-dots"></div>
css
.loading-audio {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="55" height="80" viewBox="0 0 55 80" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#9fe8e0"><g transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 80)"><rect width="10" height="20" rx="3"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0s" dur="4.3s" values="20;45;57;80;64;32;66;45;64;23;66;13;64;56;34;34;2;23;76;79;20" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect><rect x="15" width="10" height="80" rx="3"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0s" dur="2s" values="80;55;33;5;75;23;73;33;12;14;60;80" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect><rect x="30" width="10" height="50" rx="3"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0s" dur="1.4s" values="50;34;78;23;56;23;34;76;80;54;21;50" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect><rect x="45" width="10" height="30" rx="3"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0s" dur="2s" values="30;45;13;80;56;72;45;76;34;23;67;30" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect></g></svg>')
}
.loading-ball-triangle {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="57" height="57" viewBox="0 0 57 57" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" stroke="#9fbde8"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><g transform="translate(1 1)" stroke-width="2"><circle cx="5" cy="50" r="5"><animate attributeName="cy" begin="0s" dur="2.2s" values="50;5;50;50" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="cx" begin="0s" dur="2.2s" values="5;27;49;5" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="27" cy="5" r="5"><animate attributeName="cy" begin="0s" dur="2.2s" from="5" to="5" values="5;50;50;5" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="cx" begin="0s" dur="2.2s" from="27" to="27" values="27;49;5;27" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="49" cy="50" r="5"><animate attributeName="cy" begin="0s" dur="2.2s" values="50;50;5;50" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="cx" from="49" to="49" begin="0s" dur="2.2s" values="49;5;27;49" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle></g></g></svg>');
}
.loading-bars {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="135" height="140" viewBox="0 0 135 140" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#c19fe8"><rect y="10" width="15" height="120" rx="6"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0.5s" dur="1s" values="120;110;100;90;80;70;60;50;40;140;120" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="y" begin="0.5s" dur="1s" values="10;15;20;25;30;35;40;45;50;0;10" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect><rect x="30" y="10" width="15" height="120" rx="6"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0.25s" dur="1s" values="120;110;100;90;80;70;60;50;40;140;120" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="y" begin="0.25s" dur="1s" values="10;15;20;25;30;35;40;45;50;0;10" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect><rect x="60" width="15" height="140" rx="6"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0s" dur="1s" values="120;110;100;90;80;70;60;50;40;140;120" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="y" begin="0s" dur="1s" values="10;15;20;25;30;35;40;45;50;0;10" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect><rect x="90" y="10" width="15" height="120" rx="6"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0.25s" dur="1s" values="120;110;100;90;80;70;60;50;40;140;120" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="y" begin="0.25s" dur="1s" values="10;15;20;25;30;35;40;45;50;0;10" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect><rect x="120" y="10" width="15" height="120" rx="6"><animate attributeName="height" begin="0.5s" dur="1s" values="120;110;100;90;80;70;60;50;40;140;120" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="y" begin="0.5s" dur="1s" values="10;15;20;25;30;35;40;45;50;0;10" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></rect></svg>');
}
.loading-circles {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="135" height="135" viewBox="0 0 135 135" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#e8b69a"><path d="M67.447 58c5.523 0 10-4.477 10-10s-4.477-10-10-10-10 4.477-10 10 4.477 10 10 10zm9.448 9.447c0 5.523 4.477 10 10 10 5.522 0 10-4.477 10-10s-4.478-10-10-10c-5.523 0-10 4.477-10 10zm-9.448 9.448c-5.523 0-10 4.477-10 10 0 5.522 4.477 10 10 10s10-4.478 10-10c0-5.523-4.477-10-10-10zM58 67.447c0-5.523-4.477-10-10-10s-10 4.477-10 10 4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10z"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" from="0 67 67" to="-360 67 67" dur="2.5s" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path><path d="M28.19 40.31c6.627 0 12-5.374 12-12 0-6.628-5.373-12-12-12-6.628 0-12 5.372-12 12 0 6.626 5.372 12 12 12zm30.72-19.825c4.686 4.687 12.284 4.687 16.97 0 4.686-4.686 4.686-12.284 0-16.97-4.686-4.687-12.284-4.687-16.97 0-4.687 4.686-4.687 12.284 0 16.97zm35.74 7.705c0 6.627 5.37 12 12 12 6.626 0 12-5.373 12-12 0-6.628-5.374-12-12-12-6.63 0-12 5.372-12 12zm19.822 30.72c-4.686 4.686-4.686 12.284 0 16.97 4.687 4.686 12.285 4.686 16.97 0 4.687-4.686 4.687-12.284 0-16.97-4.685-4.687-12.283-4.687-16.97 0zm-7.704 35.74c-6.627 0-12 5.37-12 12 0 6.626 5.373 12 12 12s12-5.374 12-12c0-6.63-5.373-12-12-12zm-30.72 19.822c-4.686-4.686-12.284-4.686-16.97 0-4.686 4.687-4.686 12.285 0 16.97 4.686 4.687 12.284 4.687 16.97 0 4.687-4.685 4.687-12.283 0-16.97zm-35.74-7.704c0-6.627-5.372-12-12-12-6.626 0-12 5.373-12 12s5.374 12 12 12c6.628 0 12-5.373 12-12zm-19.823-30.72c4.687-4.686 4.687-12.284 0-16.97-4.686-4.686-12.284-4.686-16.97 0-4.687 4.686-4.687 12.284 0 16.97 4.686 4.687 12.284 4.687 16.97 0z"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" from="0 67 67" to="360 67 67" dur="8s" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg>');
}
.loading-grid {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="105" height="105" viewBox="0 0 105 105" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#d4f39f"><circle cx="12.5" cy="12.5" r="12.5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="12.5" cy="52.5" r="12.5" fill-opacity=".5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="100ms" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="52.5" cy="12.5" r="12.5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="300ms" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="52.5" cy="52.5" r="12.5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="600ms" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="92.5" cy="12.5" r="12.5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="800ms" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="92.5" cy="52.5" r="12.5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="400ms" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="12.5" cy="92.5" r="12.5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="700ms" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="52.5" cy="92.5" r="12.5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="500ms" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="92.5" cy="92.5" r="12.5"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="200ms" dur="1s" values="1;.2;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle></svg>');
}
.loading-oval {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="38" height="38" viewBox="0 0 38 38" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" stroke="#efe1a4"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><g transform="translate(1 1)" stroke-width="2"><circle stroke-opacity=".5" cx="18" cy="18" r="18"/><path d="M36 18c0-9.94-8.06-18-18-18"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" from="0 18 18" to="360 18 18" dur="1s" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></g></g></svg>');
}
.loading-puff {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="44" height="44" viewBox="0 0 44 44" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" stroke="#a0d9f1"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-width="2"><circle cx="22" cy="22" r="1"><animate attributeName="r" begin="0s" dur="1.8s" values="1; 20" calcMode="spline" keyTimes="0; 1" keySplines="0.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="stroke-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.8s" values="1; 0" calcMode="spline" keyTimes="0; 1" keySplines="0.3, 0.61, 0.355, 1" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="22" cy="22" r="1"><animate attributeName="r" begin="-0.9s" dur="1.8s" values="1; 20" calcMode="spline" keyTimes="0; 1" keySplines="0.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="stroke-opacity" begin="-0.9s" dur="1.8s" values="1; 0" calcMode="spline" keyTimes="0; 1" keySplines="0.3, 0.61, 0.355, 1" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle></g></svg>');
}
.loading-spinning-circles {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="58" height="58" viewBox="0 0 58 58" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><g transform="translate(2 1)" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="1.5"><circle cx="42.601" cy="11.462" r="5" fill-opacity="1" fill="#efa2dd"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.3s" values="1;0;0;0;0;0;0;0" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="49.063" cy="27.063" r="5" fill-opacity="0" fill="#efa2dd"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.3s" values="0;1;0;0;0;0;0;0" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="42.601" cy="42.663" r="5" fill-opacity="0" fill="#efa2dd"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.3s" values="0;0;1;0;0;0;0;0" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="27" cy="49.125" r="5" fill-opacity="0" fill="#efa2dd"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.3s" values="0;0;0;1;0;0;0;0" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="11.399" cy="42.663" r="5" fill-opacity="0" fill="#efa2dd"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.3s" values="0;0;0;0;1;0;0;0" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="4.938" cy="27.063" r="5" fill-opacity="0" fill="#efa2dd"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.3s" values="0;0;0;0;0;1;0;0" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="11.399" cy="11.462" r="5" fill-opacity="0" fill="#efa2dd"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.3s" values="0;0;0;0;0;0;1;0" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="27" cy="5" r="5" fill-opacity="0" fill="#efa2dd"><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" begin="0s" dur="1.3s" values="0;0;0;0;0;0;0;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle></g></g></svg>');
}
.loading-tail-spin {
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="38" height="38" viewBox="0 0 38 38" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><defs><linearGradient x1="8.042%" y1="0%" x2="65.682%" y2="23.865%" id="a"><stop stop-color="#f5fda9" stop-opacity="0" offset="0%"/><stop stop-color="#f5fda9" stop-opacity=".631" offset="63.146%"/><stop stop-color="#f5fda9" offset="100%"/></linearGradient></defs><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><g transform="translate(1 1)"><path d="M36 18c0-9.94-8.06-18-18-18" id="Oval-2" stroke="url(#a)" stroke-width="2"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" from="0 18 18" to="360 18 18" dur="0.9s" repeatCount="indefinite" /></path><circle fill="#fff" cx="36" cy="18" r="1"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" from="0 18 18" to="360 18 18" dur="0.9s" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle></g></g></svg>');
}
.loading-three-dots{
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="120" height="30" viewBox="0 0 120 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#b5edf5"><circle cx="15" cy="15" r="15"><animate attributeName="r" from="15" to="15" begin="0s" dur="0.8s" values="15;9;15" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" from="1" to="1" begin="0s" dur="0.8s" values="1;.5;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="60" cy="15" r="9" fill-opacity="0.3"><animate attributeName="r" from="9" to="9" begin="0s" dur="0.8s" values="9;15;9" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" from="0.5" to="0.5" begin="0s" dur="0.8s" values=".5;1;.5" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle><circle cx="105" cy="15" r="15"><animate attributeName="r" from="15" to="15" begin="0s" dur="0.8s" values="15;9;15" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /><animate attributeName="fill-opacity" from="1" to="1" begin="0s" dur="0.8s" values="1;.5;1" calcMode="linear" repeatCount="indefinite" /></circle></svg>');
}
效果
image
