難度：4星
主題語境：人與社會-科學(xué)與技術(shù)-技術(shù)
天學(xué)英語|時文閱讀：新材料可防止眼鏡起霧
眼鏡起霧是一件讓人頭疼不已的事情，特別是在冬天撩轰。通常，人們會使用防霧噴霧劑去解決這種問題届惋，但這種方法會受細菌份名、污垢等的影響，需要時常更換租副，效果不佳坐慰。據(jù)報道，來自瑞士蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工大學(xué)的研究人員最近開發(fā)出了一種超薄的黃金納米涂層，能夠?qū)㈥柟廪D(zhuǎn)化為熱量结胀，將其用于眼鏡表面赞咙，可以有效防止起霧。讓我們一起來看看吧糟港。
A team of researchers at ETH Zurich has the perfect long-lasting solution to our fog problem. They have developed a very thin and gold-based transparent coating（涂層）that can convert sunlight into heat, which can be applied to glass and other surfaces to prevent them from fogging.
The special coating is developed using titanium oxide and gold particles. It selectively absorbs infrared radiations（紅外線照射）from the sunlight and creates a heating effect that is powerful enough to keep fog away from the surface of an object. The coating basically employs heat to stop fogging. The coating absorbs a large part of the infrared radiation, which causes it to heat up — by up to 8℃.
Previously, products like anti-fogging sprays create a very thin film of water on the surface to remove fog. The problem with such surfaces is pollution. Along with water, the sprays also attract dirt, dust, oil, and various other dirty substances, and just a little dirt on the surface makes it useless. However, the new coating repels（排斥）water. Furthermore, the coating is significantly thinner, which makes it more transparent as well as flexible. It is heated passively and requires, during daytime, no additional energy source.
Gold might be expensive, but the researchers stress that their coating requires so little that the material costs remain low. Their coating is produced with standardized and readily scalable methods, all cost-effectively. However, although this product can work at very low levels of solar irradiation, it does rely on a certain amount of light.
The researchers will develop the coating further for other applications. In the process, they will examine whether other metals work just as well as gold. There is no need to fear, however, this would cause a car or a building to heat up more in the summer. The researchers have already filed a patent. Hopefully, this groundbreaking product will soon be available on the market.
1. How does the new coating work to remove fog??
? A. By reflecting part of sunlight selectively.
? B. By keeping cool air away from the object.
? C. By creating a thin film of water on the surface.
? D. By absorbing infrared radiations to heat the coating.
2. Why does the author mention previous anti-fogging products?
A. To stress the advantages of the new coating.
? B. To introduce the inspiration behind the new coating.
? C. To prove the difficulty of creating anti-fogging products.
? D. To explain the reason for the anti-fogging coating being popular.
3. What is the limitation of the new coating??
? A. It is considerably expensive.
? B. It depends on sunlight to work.
? C. It takes too much time to produce.
? D. It is difficult to clean and maintain.
4. What do the researchers plan to do next??
? A. Apply for a patent for the invention.
? B. Develop the product for more practical uses.
? C. Explore the environmental impact of the coating.
? D. Seek a cheaper material as an alternative to gold.
答案：DABB
生詞
particle n. 微粒
語塊
1. titanium oxide? 二氧化鈦
2. solar irradiation? 太陽輻照
3. rely on? 依賴
4. file a patent? 申請專利
知識拓展
titanium oxide
二氧化鈦是一種無機物攀操，白色固體或粉末狀的兩性氧化物。它可以應(yīng)用于工業(yè)秸抚、食品行業(yè)速和、化境保護和防曬化妝品等領(lǐng)域。二氧化鈦剥汤，作為光涂料顏料的催化劑颠放，不僅是一種環(huán)境安全的清潔劑，而且可以起到節(jié)省能量還有保護環(huán)境資源的作用吭敢。此外二氧化鈦性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定碰凶，具有良好的遮蓋能力，能夠有效反射太陽光鹿驼，為地球降溫欲低。
