這段時(shí)間對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)做了個(gè)性能測(cè)試速警,其中使用了較多線程池的技術(shù),故此做一個(gè)技術(shù)總結(jié)。
這次總結(jié)的內(nèi)容比較多忿墅,主要是四個(gè):
ExecutorService
CompletionService
Runnable
Callable
前兩個(gè)是線程池相關(guān)接口,后兩個(gè)是多線程相關(guān)接口沮峡。在最后疚脐,我會(huì)說(shuō)明什么情況下使用哪個(gè)接口,這兩類接口如何搭配使用邢疙。
Tips:個(gè)人拙見(jiàn)棍弄,如有不對(duì),請(qǐng)多多指正疟游。
一呼畸、ExecutorService
ExecutorService是一個(gè)接口,繼承自Executor颁虐。ExecutorService提供了一些常用操作和方法蛮原,但是ExecutorService是一個(gè)接口,無(wú)法實(shí)例化另绩。
不過(guò)儒陨,Java提供了一個(gè)幫助類Executors,可以快速獲取一個(gè)ExecutorService對(duì)象板熊,并使用ExecutorService接口的一些方法框全。
Executors幫助類提供了多個(gè)構(gòu)造線程池的方法,常用的分為兩類:
直接執(zhí)行的
newCachedThreadPool
newFixedThreadPool
newSingleThreadExecutor
延遲或定時(shí)執(zhí)行的
newScheduledThreadPool
newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor
Executors為每種方法提供了一個(gè)線程工廠重載干签。
(一)newCachedThreadPool
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)默認(rèn)的線程池對(duì)象津辩,里面的線程和重用,且在第一次使用的時(shí)候才創(chuàng)建〈兀可以理解為線程優(yōu)先模式闸度,來(lái)一個(gè)創(chuàng)一個(gè)線程,直到線程處理完成后蚜印,再處理其他的任務(wù)莺禁。
Code:
package com.macro.boot.javaBuiltThreadPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
public class MyExecutorService {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1. 使用幫助類
// ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// 2. 提交任務(wù)
/* for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
executorService.submit(new MyRunnable(i));
}*/
// 3. 重載方法測(cè)試
test();
}
private static void test() {
// 1. 使用幫助類
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(
new ThreadFactory() {
int n = 1;
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "線程正在執(zhí)行 --->" + n++);
}
}
);
// 2. 提交任務(wù)
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
executorService.submit(new MyRunnable(i));
}
}
}
/**
* 1. 線程類
*/
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private int id;
public MyRunnable(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public void run() {
String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(name + "正在執(zhí)行..." + "--->" + id);
}
}
輸出:幾乎是一下子就執(zhí)行了,newCachedThreadPool會(huì)創(chuàng)建和任務(wù)數(shù)同等匹配的線程窄赋,直到處理完成任務(wù)的線程可以處理新增的任務(wù)哟冬。
(二)newFixedThreadPool
Code:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可重用固定線程數(shù)量的線程池
package com.macro.boot.javaBuiltThreadPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
/**
* 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可固定重用次數(shù)的線程池
*/
public class MyNewFixedThreadPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* // nThreads:線程數(shù)量
ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
es.submit(new MyRunnable(i));
}*/
test();
}
private static void test() {
ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5, new ThreadFactory() {
int n = 1;
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "線程" + n++);
}
});
// 提交任務(wù)
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
es.submit(new MyRunnable(i));
}
}
}
(三)newSingleThreadExecutor
只有一個(gè)線程(線程安全)
package com.macro.boot.javaBuiltThreadPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
public class MyNewSingleThreadExecutor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
/* ExecutorService es = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
es.submit(new MyRunnable(i));
}*/
test();
}
private static void test() throws InterruptedException {
ExecutorService es = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(new ThreadFactory() {
int n = 1;
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "線程" + n++);
}
});
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Thread.sleep(100);
es.submit(new MyRunnable(i));
}
}
}
(四)newScheduledThreadPool
怎么理解這個(gè)線程池的延遲時(shí)間?很簡(jiǎn)單忆绰,第一次執(zhí)行的開(kāi)始時(shí)間浩峡,加上延遲的時(shí)間,就是第二次執(zhí)行的時(shí)間错敢。
package com.macro.boot.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class MyScheduledExecutor {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScheduledExecutorService sec = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(4);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
sec.schedule(new MyRunnable(i), 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
System.out.println("開(kāi)始執(zhí)行翰灾。。稚茅。");
sec.shutdown();
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private int id;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyRunnable{" +
"id=" + id +
'}';
}
public MyRunnable(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public void run() {
String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(name + "執(zhí)行了任務(wù)" + id);
}
}
(五)newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor
newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor和newScheduledThreadPool的區(qū)別是纸淮,newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor的第二次執(zhí)行時(shí)間,等于第一次開(kāi)始執(zhí)行的時(shí)間亚享,加上執(zhí)行線程所耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間咽块,再加上延遲時(shí)間,即等于第二次執(zhí)行的時(shí)間虹蒋。
二糜芳、CompletionService
CompletionService是一個(gè)接口飒货。
當(dāng)我們使用ExecutorService啟動(dòng)多個(gè)Callable時(shí)魄衅,每個(gè)Callable返回一個(gè)Future,而當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行Future的get方法獲取結(jié)果時(shí)塘辅,會(huì)阻塞線程直到獲取結(jié)果晃虫。
而CompletionService正是為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,它是Java8的新增接口扣墩,它的實(shí)現(xiàn)類是ExecutorCompletionService哲银。CompletionService會(huì)根據(jù)線程池中Task的執(zhí)行結(jié)果按執(zhí)行完成的先后順序排序,任務(wù)先完成的可優(yōu)先獲取到呻惕。
Code:
package com.macro.boot.completions;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class CompletionBoot {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
// 實(shí)例化線程池
ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ExecutorCompletionService<Integer> ecs = new ExecutorCompletionService<>(es);
for (int i = 0, j = 3; i < 20; i++) {
ecs.submit(new CallableExample(i, j));
}
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
// take:阻塞方法荆责,從結(jié)果隊(duì)列中獲取并移除一個(gè)已經(jīng)執(zhí)行完成的任務(wù)的結(jié)果,如果沒(méi)有就會(huì)阻塞亚脆,直到有任務(wù)完成返回結(jié)果做院。
Integer integer = ecs.take().get();
// 從結(jié)果隊(duì)列中獲取并移除一個(gè)已經(jīng)執(zhí)行完成的任務(wù)的結(jié)果,如果沒(méi)有就會(huì)返回null,該方法不會(huì)阻塞键耕。
// Integer integer = ecs.poll().get();
System.out.println(integer);
}
// 不要忘記關(guān)閉線程池
es.shutdown();
}
}
class CallableExample implements Callable<Integer> {
/**
* 使用構(gòu)造方法獲取變量
* */
private int a;
private int b;
public CallableExample(int a, int b) {
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return a + b;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CallableExample{" +
"a=" + a +
", b=" + b +
'}';
}
}
三寺滚、Runnable
Runnable和Callable兩者都是接口,但是也有區(qū)別:
實(shí)現(xiàn)Callable接口的任務(wù)線程能返回執(zhí)行結(jié)果屈雄;而實(shí)現(xiàn)Runnable接口的任務(wù)線程不能返回結(jié)果村视;(重點(diǎn))
Callable接口的call()方法允許拋出異常;而Runnable接口的run()方法的異常只能在內(nèi)部消化酒奶,不能繼續(xù)上拋蚁孔;
Code:
class MyRunnable02 implements Runnable {
private int i;
public MyRunnable02(int i) {
this.i = i;
}
@Override
public void run() {
String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(name + "執(zhí)行了... ---> " + i);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyRunnable{" +
"i=" + i +
'}';
}
}
四、Callable
Code:
class CallableExample implements Callable<Integer> {
/**
* 使用構(gòu)造方法獲取變量
* */
private int a;
private int b;
public CallableExample(int a, int b) {
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return a + b;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CallableExample{" +
"a=" + a +
", b=" + b +
'}';
}
}
五惋嚎、Example
本次Demo:使用線程池勒虾,循環(huán)查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)500次。
在最開(kāi)始的時(shí)候瘸彤,是使用ExecutorServer + Future.get(因?yàn)椴樵償?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)肯定需要獲取結(jié)果修然,所以必須要用Callable,并且get到結(jié)果集)质况。但是get的阻塞操作愕宋,實(shí)在是太影響速度了,雖然考慮了兩種手段去解決结榄,但是都不了了之中贝。
Code:(只貼線程池的代碼,線程類和獲取連接的類就不放了)
private void executorServerStart() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
// get con
TDConUtils tdConUtils = new TDConUtils();
Connection con = tdConUtils.getCon();
Statement statement = con.createStatement();
// SQL
String sql = "select last_row(value_double) from db1.tb1;";
// ThreadPool
ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// for each
int count = 500;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
Future<ResultSet> submit = es.submit(new MyThread(i, con, sql));
ResultSet resultSet = submit.get();
// print
while (resultSet.next()) {
System.out.printf("輸出:時(shí)間:%s,值:%f \n", resultSet.getTimestamp(1)
, resultSet.getDouble(2));
}
}
es.shutdown();
// close resources
tdConUtils.close(con, statement);
}
運(yùn)行時(shí)間:8000ms +
改CompletionService:
Code:
private void completionServerStart() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
// get con
TDConUtils tdConUtils = new TDConUtils();
Connection con = tdConUtils.getCon();
Statement statement = con.createStatement();
// SQL
String sql = "select last_row(value_double) from db1.tb1;";
// ThreadPool
ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//構(gòu)建ExecutorCompletionService,與線程池關(guān)聯(lián)
ExecutorCompletionService<ResultSet> ecs = new ExecutorCompletionService<ResultSet>(es);
// for each
int count = 500;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
ecs.submit(new MyThread(i, con, sql));
}
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
// 通過(guò)take獲取Future結(jié)果,此方法會(huì)阻塞
ResultSet resultSet = ecs.take().get();
while (resultSet.next()) {
System.out.printf("輸出:時(shí)間:%s,值:%f \n", resultSet.getTimestamp(1)
, resultSet.getDouble(2));
}
}
es.shutdown();
tdConUtils.close(con, statement);
}
運(yùn)行時(shí)間:300+ms
六臼朗、使用小結(jié)
分情況邻寿。
如果需要獲取結(jié)果:線程使用Callable;
如果需要異步獲取結(jié)果:線程池使用CompletionService视哑。
如果不需要獲取結(jié)果:線程使用Runnable绣否;
如果需要阻塞獲取結(jié)果:線程池使用ExecutorService。