本篇主要介紹在linux環(huán)境下以命令行方式來準(zhǔn)備安裝sybase所需要的裸設(shè)備分區(qū)揽惹、卷組秋忙、邏輯卷等。

一. 裸設(shè)備相關(guān)的知識(shí)：

1．什么叫做裸設(shè)備医咨？　　裸設(shè)備枫匾，也叫裸分區(qū)（原始分區(qū)），是一種沒有經(jīng)過格式化拟淮，不被Linux通過文件系統(tǒng)來讀取的特殊字符設(shè)備干茉。它由應(yīng)用程序負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)它進(jìn)行讀寫操作。不經(jīng)過文件系統(tǒng)的緩沖很泊。
　　
2．使用裸設(shè)備的好處　　因?yàn)槭褂寐阍O(shè)備避免了再經(jīng)過操作系統(tǒng)這一層角虫，數(shù)據(jù)直接從Disk到應(yīng)用進(jìn)行傳輸，所以使用裸設(shè)備對(duì)于讀寫頻繁的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用來說委造，可以極大地提高數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的性能戳鹅。當(dāng)然，這是以磁盤的 I/O 非常大昏兆，磁盤I/O已經(jīng)稱為系統(tǒng)瓶頸的情況下才成立枫虏。如果磁盤讀寫確實(shí)非常頻繁，以至于磁盤讀寫成為系統(tǒng)瓶頸的情況成立，那么采用裸設(shè)備確實(shí)可以大大提高性能隶债，最大甚至可以提高至40％腾它，非常明顯。

下面來看看我實(shí)驗(yàn)的這臺(tái)機(jī)器的磁盤：

在xenserver里掛載了2個(gè)virtual disks給這臺(tái)實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)器燃异，掛載hdb的分區(qū)都為文件系統(tǒng)用來安裝os以及sybase應(yīng)用携狭，掛載hdc的將建立邏輯卷來存放sybase的device。

二. 建立物理分區(qū)：

先看下hdb的分區(qū)：

Login as root:
DevServer-9:~ # fdisk /dev/hdb

Command (m for help): p    (輸出分區(qū)表)
Disk /dev/hdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/hdb1               1         523     4200966   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/hdb2   *         524        1829    10490445   83  Linux/dev/hdb3            1830        7051    41945715   83  Linux

這里一定要注意回俐，接著到我們要操作的hdc這個(gè)存儲(chǔ)去９渫取！＝銎摹５ツ！

DevServer-9:~ # fdisk /dev/hdc
#輸出分區(qū)表
Command (m for help): p  
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
#建立新分區(qū)
Command (m for help): n
Command action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)
#建立新分區(qū)序號(hào)輸入1則建立/dev/hdc1
Partition number (1-4):1
First cylinder (1-23497, default 1): 
（默認(rèn)）Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-23497, default 23497): 
（默認(rèn)全部空間都分掉）Using default value 23497

看看分區(qū)表現(xiàn)在怎么樣了

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/hdc: 193.2 GB, 193273528320 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 23497 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hdc1               1       23497   188739621   83 Linux（這里的83不是我們要的哦Ｍ摺）

Command (m for help): t （改分區(qū)格式）
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e（8e才是我們要的）
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p （再確認(rèn)一下分區(qū)表吧搁廓，雖然是實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境咱也得謹(jǐn)慎點(diǎn)是不）
Disk /dev/hdc: 193.2 GB, 193273528320 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 23497 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hdc1               1       23497   188739621   8e  Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w （確認(rèn)寫入，然后等susey一頓忙活…………）
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

通常耕皮，不需要重啟境蜕，但有些計(jì)算機(jī)卻要求。因此如果下面的命令不工作凌停，試試重啟粱年。
到這里我們的分區(qū)算是分完了。

三. 建立卷組以及邏輯卷：

在這節(jié)我們要建立sybase所需要的設(shè)備空間罚拟。

syb-master 300M
syb-proc 556M
syb-tempdb 4200M
syb-data1 64G
syb-log1 32G

所有邏輯卷都在syb卷組下面台诗。

Login as root:
#(建立分組。syb為組名赐俗。/dev/hdb1為上面建立的物理卷) 
[root@suse10 ~]# vgcreate syb /dev/hdc1
Volume group "syb" successfully created
[root@suse10 ~]# lvcreate -L 300M -n master syb
Logical volume "master" created
[root@suse10 ~]# lvcreate -L 556M -n proc syb 
Logical volume "proc" created
[root@suse10 ~]# lvcreate -L 4200M -n tempdb syb 
Logical volume "tempdb" created
[root@suse10 ~]# lvcreate –L64G -n data1 syb 
Logical volume "data1" created
[root@suse10 ~]# lvcreate -L 32G -n log1 syb 
Logical volume "log1" created

建立完成后可用vgdisplay syb –v命令查看
創(chuàng)建完后可以看到/dev/mapper下有5個(gè)分卷設(shè)備拉队，卷名分別為：

syb-master
syb-proc
syb-tempdb
syb-data1
syb-log1

在/etc/raw添加以下內(nèi)容。如raw設(shè)備已被使用請(qǐng)自行調(diào)整阻逮，注意這里：前后都不要有坑爹的空格傲豢臁！Ｊ宥蟆Ｊ驴蕖！１依！Ｉ浩础Ｊ成搿！**
**

[root@suse10 ~]# vi /etc/raw
raw11:syb/master
raw12:syb/proc
raw13:syb/data1
raw14:syb/tempdb
raw15:syb/log1

激活裸設(shè)備, 將裸設(shè)備綁定到分區(qū)

啟動(dòng)/etc/init.d ./raw start
停止/etc/init.d ./raw stop

[root@suse10 ~]# cd /etc/init.d/
[root@suse10 ~]# sh raw start
DevServer-9:/etc/init.d # sh raw startbind 
/dev/raw/raw11 to /dev/syb/master...                            donebind
/dev/raw/raw12 to /dev/syb/proc...                               donebind
/dev/raw/raw13 to /dev/syb/data1...                             donebind
/dev/raw/raw14 to /dev/syb/tempdb...                           donebind
/dev/raw/raw15 to /dev/syb/log1...                                done

查詢是否激活

/usr/sbin/raw -qa

配置在系統(tǒng)重啟動(dòng)后自動(dòng)激活裸設(shè)備

/sbin/chkconfig raw on

檢查

/sbin/chkconfig raw (應(yīng)為on)

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)初始化設(shè)備時(shí)使用/dev/raw/raw(n)設(shè)備名即可

四. 安裝jdk：

你如果suse10是像我一樣默認(rèn)安裝，那么一定會(huì)遇到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤仅胞！

A suitable JVM could not be found. Please run the program again using the option -is:javahome <JAVA HOME DIR>

乖乖翻出你的suse10安裝盤找出下面這2個(gè)rpm包把

jpackage-utils-1.6.3-18.8.41.x86_64.rpm
java-1_4_2-ibm-1.4.2_sr13-0.7.1.x86_64.rpm

然后再乖乖的按次序裝好它們每辟！

DevServer-9: # rpm -ivh jpackage-utils-1.6.3-18.8.41.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]   
1:jpackage-utils         ########################################### [100%]
DevServer-9:# rpm -ivh java-1_4_2-ibm-1.4.2_sr13-0.7.1.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]   
1:java-1_4_2-ibm         ########################################### [100%]

五. 配置sybase用戶、組：

DevServer-9:#  groupadd -g 1000 sybase
DevServer-9:#  usermod -g sybase -G disk sybase
DevServer-9:#  passwd sybase

然后把sybase安裝文件全部搬上來干旧，確保安裝文件屬主都是我們剛建立的這個(gè)sybase用戶渠欺！
這里我放到/home/sybase/sybsetup目錄下面。
下面操作都用sybase用戶咯椎眯。

sybase@DevServer-9: cd /home/sybase/sybsetup
sybase@DevServer-9: chmod +x setup

最后改下sybase的.profile

sybase@DevServer-9: vi .profile

加一下export LANG=en_US
保存后重新用sybase用戶登錄

su – sybase

下面用root登錄來把前一篇建立的邏輯卷都改給sybase用戶

DevServer-9: # chown sybase:sybase  /dev/raw/raw1*

然后用sybase用戶登錄做一下實(shí)驗(yàn)看看是否成功：

sybase@DevServer-9: dd if=/dev/raw/raw11 of=/tmp/foo bs=4096 count=8

看到類似內(nèi)容說明成功：

\8+0 records in
8+0 records out
32768 bytes (33 kB) copied, 0.007031 seconds, 4.7 MB/s

五. 安裝sybase for linux：

下面大段的屏幕輸出基本都忽略了挠将，操作時(shí)候注意哦。

sybase@DevServer-9: cd /home/sybase/sybsetup
sybase@DevServer-9: ./setup –console
#向?qū)С跏蓟裁词裁础?Press 1 for Next, 3 to Cancel or 4 to Redisplay [1]    
#（不管  默認(rèn)1 next）
#地區(qū)列表编整，一堆堆………
Please enter the number of the location you are installing. (1-37) [1] 24  
#（選24 就是咱郭嘉）
#用戶協(xié)議一大坨…………………
Press ENTER to read the text [Type q to quit] q 
#（按q不看下一頁(yè)了舔稀，你要愛看你繼續(xù)）
#又是一堆協(xié)議相關(guān)……
I agree to the terms of the Sybase license for the install locationspecified.(Y/N) [N]y  
#（問你同意協(xié)議不，能不同意么Ｕ撇狻）
Press 1 for Next, 2 for Previous, 3 to Cancel or 4 to Redisplay [1] 1 #
#（接著下一步）
Please enter the directory where you would like to install the products orpress ENTER to accept the default.
   Destination Directory [ERROR: ServiceException: (error code = 305; severity   = 0)]/home/sybase 
#（這里輸入要安裝應(yīng)用的目錄）
Do you want to continue with installation into this directory? [2] 1 （1是yes 2是no）
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Choose the setup type that best suits your needs.
[X] 1 - Typical        The program will be installed with the suggested configuration.        Recommended for most users.[ ] 2 - Full        The program will be installed with all the products and features.[ ] 3 - Custom        The program will be installed with the features you choose.        Recommended for advanced users.
To select an item enter its number, or 0 when you are finished: [0] 2
#（選擇full吧 全裝少煩惱）
To select an item enter its number, or 0 when you are finished: [0]#（選完直接就繼續(xù)）
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise Suite will be installed in the followinglocation:
/home/sybase
with the following features:
Sybase Servers   Adaptive Server Enterprise      ASE Diagnostic Server      ASE Agent Plugin      ASE SNMP Agent Plugin   ASE Web Services   Job SchedulerConnectivity   Open Client      Common ctlib files      Common dblib files   Embedded SQL/C   Monitor Client Library
Press ENTER to read the text [Type q to quit] 
#（確認(rèn)下要安裝的部件）
 
Press 1 for Next, 2 for Previous, 3 to Cancel or 4 to Redisplay [1] 1  #（next后開始裝）
Installing Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise Suite. Please wait...
|-----------|-----------|-----------|------------|0%         25%         50%         75%        100%|||||||||||||||||||||||
#裝完后會(huì)問你licenses的事 内贮，自己看著辦吧………………
#接下來要配置那些服務(wù)，我們只配1和2汞斧，其他都點(diǎn)掉吧：
  [X]  1  -  Configure new Adaptive Server  [X]  2  -  Configure new Backup Server  [ ]  3  -  Configure new Monitor Server  [ ]  4  -  Configure new XP Server  [ ]  5  -  Configure new Job Scheduler  [ ]  6  -  Enable Self Management  [ ]  7  -  Configure Web Services  [ ]  8  -  Configure Unified Agent
     To select an item enter its number, or 0 when you are finished: [0]  （直接next）
#next之后會(huì)再給你確認(rèn)一下：
   [X]  1  -  Custom configure new Adaptive Server   [X]  2  -  Custom configure new Backup Server
      To select an item enter its number, or 0 when you are finished: [0]
#（2個(gè)都叉上后next）
#下面配置如下夜郁，悲劇的忘記了15新增了一個(gè)sybsysdb.dat，就默認(rèn)吧粘勒！
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Please enter custom configuration values for the new Adaptive Server
   Adaptive Server Name [DEVSERVER9] SYBASE9   Port Number [5000]    Error Log [/home/sybase/ASE-15_0/install/SYBASE9.log]    Page Size
      1. 2k      2. 4k      3. 8k      4. 16k
   Select a page size :  [1] 3   Master Device [/home/sybase/data/master.dat] /dev/raw/raw11   Master Device Size (MB) [120] 256   Master Database Size (MB) [52] 120   System Procedure Device [/home/sybase/data/sysprocs.dat] /dev/raw/raw12   System Procedure Device Size (MB) [132] 512   System Procedure Database Size (MB) [132] 510   System Device [/home/sybase/data/sybsysdb.dat]    System Device Size (MB) [2]    System Database Size (MB) [2]
   Press 1 for Next, 2 for Previous, 3 to Cancel or 4 to Redisplay [1] 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please enter custom configuration values for the new Backup Server
   Backup Server Name [SYBASE9_BS]    Port Number [5001]    Error Log [/home/sybase/ASE-15_0/install/SYBASE9_BS.log]
   Press 1 for Next, 2 for Previous, 3 to Cancel or 4 to Redisplay [1]

再一路next會(huì)收到一個(gè)/home/sybase/ASE-15_0/bin/srvbuildres: cannot execute錯(cuò)誤竞端，沒關(guān)系，錯(cuò)誤是多了點(diǎn)仲义，咱能解決婶熬！為什么會(huì)錯(cuò)誤呢？

sybase@DevServer-9:~> cd ASE-15_0/bin/sybase@DevServer-9:~/ASE-15_0/bin> ./srvbuildres -r ../sqlsrv.res
The SYBASE_ASE environment variable is not set.

這里的srvbuildres是根據(jù)res文件創(chuàng)建埃撵，res文件就是保存的咱剛配置的信息赵颅。可以vi看一下暂刘。 手工去執(zhí)行一下發(fā)現(xiàn)提示是環(huán)境變量沒有饺谬。至于這個(gè)環(huán)境變量呢是安裝sybase才給提供到一個(gè)文件里，暈了暈了~~~
加一行到sybase的.profile里：

. SYBASE.sh

注意點(diǎn)和空格Ｒゼ稹Ｄ颊！Ｉ拔鹰！，然后再來可以了.

sybase@DevServer-9:~/ASE-15_0/bin> ./srvbuildres -r ../sqlsrv.res 
Warning: Unable to verify /dev/raw/raw11 device size.  Please verify that this device is not already in use and that it has sufficient space available.  
Warning: Unable to verify /dev/raw/raw12 device size.  Please verify that this device is not already in use and that it has sufficient space available.  
Building Adaptive Server 'SYBASE9':
Writing entry into directory services...
Directory services entry complete.
Building master device...Master device complete.
Writing RUN_SYBASE9 file...RUN_SYBASE9 file complete.
Starting server...
Server started.
Building sysprocs device and sybsystemprocs database...sybprocs device and sybsystemprocs database created.
Running installmaster script to install system stored procedures...
installmaster: 10% complete.
installmaster: 20% complete.
installmaster: 30% complete.
installmaster: 40% complete.
installmaster: 50% complete.
installmaster: 60% complete.
installmaster: 70% complete.
installmaster: 80% complete.
installmaster: 90% complete.
installmaster: 100% complete.
installmaster script complete.
Creating two-phase commit database...Two phase commit database complete.Installing common character sets (Code Page 437, Code Page 850, ISO Latin-1, Macintosh and HP Roman-8)...Character sets installed.Setting server name in Adaptive Server...Server name added.Server 'SYBASE9' was successfully created.

至此sybase數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)算是完成了~贵涵！
下面是backserver列肢，這個(gè)backserver如果沒有的話就不能用dump的方式來備份和恢復(fù)恰画！
sybase@DevServer-9:~/ASE-15_0/bin> ./srvbuildres -r ../bsrv.res
如果你的glibc的版本是2.4以上，可能會(huì)遇到一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：
line 15: 4168 Segmentation fault
具體的解決辦法是去sybase用戶的環(huán)境變量里加上：export LD_POINTER_GUARD=1（或者=0瓷马，具體機(jī)器不一樣）

最終我們sybase的.profile內(nèi)容如下：

export LANG=en_US
export LD_POINTER_GUARD=1
. SYBASE.sh

這時(shí)候我們可以到ASE-15_0/install目錄下面通過下面2個(gè)命令來啟動(dòng)：

./startserver –f RUN_SYBASE
./startserver –f RUN_SYBASE_BS