Xcode 9的新功能
Xcode是用于為Apple TV，Apple Watch，iPad竖配，iPhone和Mac創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序的完整開發(fā)人員工具集。Xcode開發(fā)環(huán)境采用tvOS SDK里逆，watchOS SDK进胯，iOS SDK和macOS SDK的形式捆綁Instruments分析工具，Simulator和OS框架原押。
Xcode 9的亮點(diǎn)
Xcode 9包括整體質(zhì)量改進(jìn)以及廣泛的新功能胁镐。
全新編輯。快速诸衔，基于結(jié)構(gòu)的編輯器盯漂，可讓您智能地突出顯示和瀏覽您的代碼。包括偉大的Markdown支持笨农。
重構(gòu)就缆。重構(gòu)內(nèi)置于編輯體驗(yàn)之中，并可跨Swift谒亦，Objective-C违崇，Interface Builder和許多其他文件類型。
超快速搜索“查找”導(dǎo)航器會(huì)立即返回結(jié)果诊霹。
調(diào)試羞延。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)無線調(diào)試iOS和tvOS設(shè)備，Metal的新調(diào)試器以及Xcode中的更多功能脾还。
源代碼管理伴箩。所有新的源代碼管理導(dǎo)航器和對(duì)GitHub帳戶的集成支持能夠快速瀏覽存儲(chǔ)庫并將其推送到云端。
Xcode服務(wù)器內(nèi)置鄙漏。運(yùn)行連續(xù)集成機(jī)器人可以在任何具有Xcode 9的Mac上運(yùn)行嗤谚，無需安裝macOS Server。
新游樂場(chǎng)模板新的iOS模板怔蚌，旨在在iPad上的Xcode和Swift Playground中運(yùn)行良好巩步。
新建系統(tǒng)。Xcode新的構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的選擇性預(yù)覽提高了可靠性和性能桦踊。
一般
更新了使用plist文件定義文本宏的方法椅野。
為項(xiàng)目中的用戶，項(xiàng)目或特定用戶定義文本宏。
自定義新的文件頭竟闪。有關(guān)更多信息离福，請(qǐng)參閱Xcode幫助中的自定義文件標(biāo)題。
更新了索引引擎炼蛤，以便在編譯時(shí)對(duì)索引文件進(jìn)行索引妖爷。
將“設(shè)備”窗口拆分為設(shè)備和模擬器的單獨(dú)窗格。
資產(chǎn)目錄
命名顏色支持理朋。
添加了廣泛的應(yīng)用程序圖標(biāo)絮识。
在App Icon集中增加了一個(gè)較大的iOS營(yíng)銷圖標(biāo)。
添加了保留圖像矢量數(shù)據(jù)以選擇動(dòng)態(tài)類型縮放的選項(xiàng)嗽上。
增加了對(duì)HEIF圖像的支持次舌。
建筑與連接
新的Xcode 9 - Swift靜態(tài)庫支持。
增加了對(duì)包含Swift代碼的靜態(tài)庫目標(biāo)的支持炸裆。
Xcode 9中的新功能 - 在Swift中編寫的新構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的預(yù)覽垃它。目前鲜屏，該系統(tǒng)是可選的烹看，但它將成為未來版本的Xcode中的默認(rèn)設(shè)置
添加了一個(gè)以Swift編寫的新構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的預(yù)覽。
提供更高的可靠性
捕獲許多項(xiàng)目配置問題洛史。
提高整體構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)性能惯殊。
注意，構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)性能不包括構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)使用的編譯器也殖，鏈接器和其他工具土思。
要選擇項(xiàng)目或工作區(qū)的新構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)，請(qǐng)選擇“文件”>“項(xiàng)目設(shè)置”或“文件”>“工作區(qū)設(shè)置”忆嗜，然后選擇“構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)”類型的“新建構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)（預(yù)覽）”己儒。有關(guān)與現(xiàn)有項(xiàng)目兼容的注意事項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)參閱Xcode發(fā)行說明捆毫。
功能
iOS熱點(diǎn)和多路徑TCP的新配置闪湾。
New network configurations, including content filtering, proxying DNS queries, and proxying TCP and UDP connections.
New background mode for watchOS for use with audio recording and turn-by-turn directions.
New mode for tvOS background fetch.
Core ML
New in Xcode 9 – Core ML editor.
Generate strongly typed interfaces for the model.
Model compilation for on-device usage.
Debugging
New in Xcode 9 – Network debugging for iOS and tvOS devices.
Debug iOS and tvOS devices over WiFi or wired networks.
Connect through Bonjour or enter an IP address.
To enable network debugging, seePair a wireless devicein Xcode Help.
New in Xcode 9 – GPU frame capture and GPU overrides.
View command buffers, attachments, resources, and call stacks.
Modify shaders and save changes to your app.
Move through the timeline for the sequence.
Inspect and modify values for individual pixels in attachments including color values, alpha, depth, and more.
Experiment with the rendering state without modifying code by minimizing texture bandwidth, minimizing number of rendered pixels, disabling the blending stage, showing only the wireframe, and scaling the amount of tessellation.
New in Xcode 9 – Undefined Behavior Sanitizer.
Find sources of program crashes, unexpected behaviors, and incompatibilities with future versions of Xcode.
Detect several types of undefined behaviors in C languages such as integer overflow, invalid casts, and alignment violations.
Enable theUndefined Behavior Sanitizerin the Diagnostics pane of the scheme editor.
New in Xcode 9 – Main Thread Checker.
Detect AppKit, UIKit, and WebKit method calls that are not made on the main thread.
Automatically enabled during debugging, and can be disabled in the Diagnostic tab of the scheme editor. Use theMain Thread Checkerwith Swift and C languages.
Main Thread Checkerworks with Swift and C languages.
Enhanced the Breakpoint navigator with deep filtering.
Visual indicators for modified breakpoints.
Extended the view debugger to show view controllers, and to work with SceneKit and SpriteKit views.
Enhanced iOS energy gauge.
Documentation
New unified browser that integrates reference, sample code, and articles.
Improved documentation search.
New jump bar for navigating between pages.
Integrated sample code downloading.
Instruments
New split view for pinning graphs in the graphing area of a trace document.
Moved the strategy picker into a new toolbar at the top of the trace document and added a new All strategy.
Enhanced Metal debugging instrument.
Metal system trace VR support for viewing events such as compositor activity, pose queries, and more.
Interface Builder
Named colors from the asset catalog.
New margin and baseline view constraints.
Auto Layout safe-area guides.
Full-screen watchOS apps.
Metal 2 Support
New in Xcode 9 - Capture API.
Define explicit capture boundaries in your code.
Use the newMTLCaptureManagerclass and the newMTLCaptureScopeprotocol to set, manage, and trigger capture boundaries programatically.
Use the extended Xcode GPU Capture UI to start and stop captures manually. You can also use Xcode to capture API boundaries defined in your app.
New in Xcode 9 - GPU counters.
Analyze detailed profiling metrics about a specific GPU capture. In iOS and tvOS, GPU counters are shown as a timeline of command encoders; in macOS, GPU counters are shown as a timeline of draw or dispatch calls.
Examine runtime performance of render or compute pipeline stages, such as the vertex shader, fragment shader, compute kernel, and more.
Compare the amount of GPU time spent in each pipeline stage to find your performance bottlenecks.
New in Xcode 9 - GPU remarks.
Find optimization opportunities in your Metal shading language code.
Debug device-specific runtime issues in the shader editor.
Follow direct resolutions and instructions to improve your code.
New in Xcode 9 - Smart filtering.
Find specific debug information by typing into the debug navigator. Xcode dynamically displays suggestions as you type and highlight matching text, such as resources, pixel formats, function names, object labels, and more.
Filter search results by selecting options from a predefined menu of Metal objects.
Use multiple filters with many matching conditions.
New in Xcode 9 - Virtual Reality (VR) support.
View VR submissions and left-eye/right-eye submitted surfaces.
Texture inspection for inspecting values of individual pixels in render targets, such as color, alpha, depth, and more.
Inspection of output vertex attributes in the buffer editor.
Data tips support for Metal objects such as textures, buffers and samplers.
Refactoring
Rename a symbol in a single file or in a project across Swift, C, Objective-C, C++ files, and Interface Builder files.
View all the possible changes in one editor pane.
Convert method signatures between Swift and Objective-C formats.
Update properties, getters, setters, and synthesized iVars as needed.
Apply a fix-it everywhere with one button.
Automatically fill in missing cases in switch statements, and mandatory methods for protocol conformance with one click.
Extract method functionality for all supported languages, along with other language-specific local refactoring.
Simulator
New in Xcode 9 - Multiple concurrent simulators.
Run multiple simulators at the same time.
Run more tests in parallel.
Test synching and other multidevice workflows.
New bezel for iOS and watchOS simulators includes the hardware controls. Use the bezel to move or resize the simulated device.
Share information with Simulator from Maps, Photos, and Safari.
Hold down the Option key when closing a simulated device or quitting Simulator to keep simulators running after closing the window or quitting Simulator for better integration with thesimctlcommand of thexcruncommand line tool.
Record videos of simulators.
Open the new Simulator documentation by choosing Help > Simulator Help.
Source Control
New source control navigator for viewing branches, tags, and remote repositories for the current workspace.
New source control inspector shows details for the selected navigator item.
New editor for branch history including a jump bar for easy navigation.
New side-by-side editor for file diffs.
Easier and faster access to common tasks.
GitHub account integration for easy browsing and one-click creation of a project and the associated GitHub repository.
Source Editing
New in Xcode 9 – New source editor.
Faster and more versatile Find and replace.
Fast scrolling for files of any size.
Direct manipulation of code structure such as tokens and blocks.
Redesigned integration for source control.
Redesigned presentation of error and warning messages.
Support for Markdown.
Swift
New in Xcode 9 – Swift 4.
One compiler for Swift 4 and Swift 3. You can compile Swift 4 and Swift 3 targets together in the same project.
Improved migration experience that supports migrating only select targets to Swift 4. See,Migrate to Swift 4 @objc inferencein Xcode Help.
Faster generic code and decreased code size.
Testing
New in Xcode 9 – Parallel device testing.
Added new APIs to XCTest.
Control and capture screenshots.
Group test activities.
Test attachments.
Cleanup test state in a teardown block.
Target multiple apps in one UI test.
Run tests using a specified language and region.
Xcode Server
New in Xcode 9 - Built in Xcode Server.
New Server & Bots pane in Preferences for configuring Xcode Server and for setting Bot permissions.
Added support for 2-factor authentication.
Updated functionality for bots.
Support automatic and manual provisioning workflows.
Pass additional arguments toxcodebuild.
Run tests in parallel on devices and Simulator.
Configure language and region for tests.
Send "all clear" emails notifications.
Compatibility
Xcode 9.0 requires a Mac running macOS Sierra 10.12.4 or later.
Installation
You obtain Xcode 9 from the Mac App Store. It is a free download that installs directly into the Applications folder. By default, Xcode downloads developer documentation in the background for offline reading; it also automatically downloads documentation updates. This behavior can be changed after installation using the Downloads preferences pane.
Developer Resources
The Apple Developer Program provides access to the App Store, Mac App Store, and Apple TV App Store, additional support and documentation, and signing resources for testing and deployment on Apple TV, Apple Watch, iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch devices. For more information, visit theApple Developer Program website.
VisitApple Developer Forumsfor discussions about any Apple developer software, including prerelease products.
For the latest security information, visitApple security updates.
About SDKs and Simulator
A software development kit (SDK) is a collection of frameworks (libraries, headers, and resources) that represent the API for a specific watchOS, iOS, or macOS version. Most of the functionality your app gets from an SDK is actually provided by the host operating system, which sets the correct base SDK and OS Deployment Target settings that are critical for app compatibility. Xcode automatically builds with the latest SDK and targets the latest OS.
If your app doesn’t require the latest OS features, you can configure it to run on a previous version of the platform operating system by selecting the OS Deployment Target option in the Xcode Project settings. If your project was created in an older version of Xcode, you can let Xcode update your project. For details on this feature, seeProject Modernization.
Important:Before submitting your app to the App Store, you must test on a device running your supported target OS version or versions.
Automatic Signing
Changes to the signing processes may impede your development if you're working on an older project that has not been updated to the current signing process.
The recommended approach for both enterprise and App Store developer accounts is to use automatic signing in Xcode to code sign apps during both development and distribution. See Xcode Help for documentation on automatic signing. If you have an older project that isn't configured to use automatic signing, readTechnical Q&A (QA1814) "Setting up Xcode for Automatic Provisioning"to learn how to reconfigure your Xcode project.
Consider automatic signing before using other techniques. If your projects do require manual signing, search for “manually sign” in Xcode Help to review current manual signing practices.
Project Modernization
When you open a project, Xcode evaluates it to see whether any settings should be updated. This feature makes it easy to ensure your projects conform to the latest SDKs and best practices.
Open the issue navigator to see whether anything in your project needs to be updated. You can also select the project in the project navigator, and then choose Editor > Validate Settings.
If the issue navigator lists modernization issues, click the issue to see a dialog that explains the updates that should be made and that lets you perform any or all of them.
After you click Perform Changes, regardless of whether you choose to make all the changes, Xcode does not show the warning again. To rerun the check, select your project in the project navigator and choose Editor > Validate Settings.
See Also
To learn more about using Xcode, choose Help > Xcode Help.
版權(quán)所有?2017 Apple Inc.保留所有權(quán)利。使用條款|隱私政策|更新日期：2017-09-19
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