linux上安裝前后端運行環(huán)境的兩種方法——安裝包安裝及docker安裝兩種方式

在裸機(jī)上安裝并部署Java環(huán)境、tomcat環(huán)境及Nginx負(fù)載均衡及Nginx前端項目。

首先安裝要安裝的是JDK黎泣，我選擇的版本為jdk-8u161-linux-x64(百度云提取碼:hlf5) ，tomcat版本為apache-tomcat-8.5.57 (百度云提取碼:temp)坷澡，nginx版本為nginx-1.18.0。

首先把這些安裝包存放在/usr/local/目錄下(舉個栗子)

首先需要安裝的是JDK環(huán)境。
1. 解壓jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
```
tar -zxf /usr/local/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
```
1. 解壓后的目錄為jdk1.8.0_161，開始配置環(huán)境變量
```
vi /etc/profile
```
1. 先按shift+G跳轉(zhuǎn)至最后一行侈咕，再最后面添加（鍵入i）
```
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
```
1. 配置完esc耀销，冒號(英文),wq+ENTER退出，使配置文件生效
```
source /etc/profile
```
1. 確認(rèn)jdk是否安裝成功狰住，正確輸出Java版本信息則安裝成功
```
java -version
```
其次安裝tomcat催植。
1. 解壓apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz
```
tar -zxf /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz
```
1. 如果需要修改tomcat的啟動端口，則需要修改tomcat的server.xml
```
vi /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/conf/server.xml
```
? 修改第69行
```
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
```
? 將8080修改為想要啟動的端口邓深。
1. 將war包放入webapps目錄下。
```
mv $war-dir/project.war /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/webapps/
```
? 此時服務(wù)訪問地址為：http://${ip}:${port}/project/
```
mv $war-dir/ROOT.war /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/webapps/
```
? 此時服務(wù)訪問地址為：http://${ip}:${port}/

nginx安裝相對比較麻煩尺借。從官網(wǎng)下載的nginx需要自己編譯生成可以用的nginx栅表。

tar -zxf /usr/local/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

nginx依賴于GCC環(huán)境，需要提前安裝gcc

#centos下
yum install -y gcc
#ubnutu下
apt-get install -y gcc

cd /usr/local/nginx-1.18.0/
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/
./configuration --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/

? 此時可能會報錯：

? 錯誤1:缺少prce庫

#ubnutu下
apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev -y
#centos下
yum install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev -y

? 錯誤2:缺少zlib庫

#ubnutu下
apt-get install zlib1g-dev -y
#centos下
yum install zlib1g-dev -y

? 錯誤3:缺少OpenSSL庫

#ubnutu下
apt-get install openssl libssl-dev  -y
#centos下
yum install openssl libssl-dev  -y

make生成

make
make install

? 最后在/usr/local/nginx/目錄下為編譯好的nginx述召。

安裝需求修改nginx的配置文件

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

在虛擬機(jī)上直接安裝比使用docker安裝更加麻煩一點遍愿，可以使用docker安裝。

安裝docker却邓，啟動docker

yum install -y docker

systemctl start docker

docker中搜索可用的tomcat包

docker search tomcat

INDEX       NAME                                    DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/tomcat                        Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   2810      [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tomee                         Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE cert...   80        [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/dordoka/tomcat                Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba...   55                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/tomcat                Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                     35                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/kubeguide/tomcat-app          Tomcat image for Chapter 1                      29
docker.io   docker.io/consol/tomcat-7.0             Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin"              17                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cloudesire/tomcat             Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            15                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/aallam/tomcat-mysql           Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL              13                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/arm32v7/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   10
docker.io   docker.io/maluuba/tomcat7-java8         Tomcat7 with java8.                             6
docker.io   docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat              CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application s...   6                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/unidata/tomcat-docker         Security-hardened Tomcat Docker container.      4                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/amd64/tomcat                  Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   2
docker.io   docker.io/arm64v8/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   2
docker.io   docker.io/jelastic/tomcat               An image of the Tomcat Java application se...   2
docker.io   docker.io/99taxis/tomcat7               Tomcat7                                         1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/camptocamp/tomcat-logback     Docker image for tomcat with logback integ...   1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cfje/tomcat-resource          Tomcat Concourse Resource                       1
docker.io   docker.io/chenyufeng/tomcat-centos      tomcat基于centos6的鏡像                              1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/oobsri/tomcat8                Testing CI Jobs with different names.           1
docker.io   docker.io/ppc64le/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   1
docker.io   docker.io/picoded/tomcat7               tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAG...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/s390x/tomcat                  Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   0
docker.io   docker.io/secoresearch/tomcat-varnish   Tomcat and Varnish 5.0                          0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/softwareplant/tomcat          Tomcat images for jira-cloud testing            0                    [OK]

docker pull官方的tomcat脖隶，默認(rèn)版本為最新版本浩村，也可以指定版本

docker pull docker.io/tomcat 
docker pull docker.io/tomcat:latest
docker pull docker.io/tomcat:{version}

啟動docker容器

docker run -idt -p 80:8080 -p 443:8443 --name service -v /root/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps --restart=always -v /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime
 tomcat

-p為端口映射肛捍，前面的端口為本機(jī)端口缺前，后面的端口為容器內(nèi)端口，意思為將docker容器的端口8080映射到本地的80端口朗儒，將8443端口映射到443端口浙值，-v為掛載，將/root/webapps掛載在tomcat容器內(nèi)/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/目錄沮尿，此時將文件存放到/root/webapps/目錄下就相當(dāng)于存放到容器內(nèi)届慈，另外一個-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime主要用于解決docker容器內(nèi)時區(qū)為UCT的問題，將本地的時區(qū)配置文件掛載到容器，保證時區(qū)顯示正常。--restart=always表示容器退出是項目總數(shù)要重啟聘萨。

nginx與tomcat安裝類似竹椒，不同的在于docker的啟動命令

docker search nginx

INDEX       NAME                                         DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        13638     [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c...   1864                 [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ...   783                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by Linu...   126
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/nginx                      Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      88                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tiangolo/nginx-rtmp                Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rt...   88                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jc21/nginx-proxy-manager           Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ...   78
docker.io   docker.io/alfg/nginx-rtmp                    NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from s...   72                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/nginxdemos/hello                   NGINX webserver that serves a simple page ...   59                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager        Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        53                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/nginx/nginx-ingress                NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes         40
docker.io   docker.io/privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine        PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & ...   32                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/schmunk42/nginx-redirect           A very simple container to redirect HTTP t...   19                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged        Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  17
docker.io   docker.io/nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter    NGINX Prometheus Exporter                       15
docker.io   docker.io/centos/nginx-112-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.12 or buildin...   13
docker.io   docker.io/centos/nginx-18-centos7            Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building...   13
docker.io   docker.io/raulr/nginx-wordpress              Nginx front-end for the official wordpress...   13                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitwarden/nginx                    The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a...   7
docker.io   docker.io/mailu/nginx                        Mailu nginx frontend                            7                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/sophos/nginx-vts-exporter          Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats...   7                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller   Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Con...   6                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/flashspys/nginx-static             Super Lightweight Nginx Image                   6                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb    An APB to deploy NGINX                          1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/wodby/nginx                        Generic nginx                                   1                    [OK]

pull nginx鏡像

docker pull docker.io/nginx:lastest

docker run --name nginx-test -p 8080:80 -itd nginx