- 基本Get請求：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
r = requests.get(url)
print r.text
- 帶參數(shù)Get請求：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get(url, params=payload)
print r.text
- POST請求模擬登陸及一些返回對象的方法：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陸地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
}
res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers)
res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers)
print res2.content#獲得二進制響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
print res2.raw#獲得原始響應(yīng)內(nèi)容,需要stream=True
print res2.raw.read(50)
print type(res2.text)#返回解碼成unicode的內(nèi)容
print res2.url
print res2.history#追蹤重定向
print res2.cookies
print res2.cookies['example_cookie_name']
print res2.headers
print res2.headers['Content-Type']
print res2.headers.get('content-type')
print res2.json#講返回內(nèi)容編碼為json
print res2.encoding#返回內(nèi)容編碼
print res2.status_code#返回http狀態(tài)碼
print res2.raise_for_status()#返回錯誤狀態(tài)碼
- 使用Session()對象的寫法（Prepared Requests）:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
s = requests.Session()
url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陸地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
}
prepped1 = requests.Request('POST', url1,
data=data,
headers=headers
).prepare()
s.send(prepped1)
'''
也可以這樣寫
res = requests.Request('POST', url1,
data=data,
headers=headers
)
prepared = s.prepare_request(res)
# do something with prepped.body
# do something with prepped.headers
s.send(prepared)
'''
prepare2 = requests.Request('POST', url2,
headers=headers
).prepare()
res2 = s.send(prepare2)
print res2.content
- 另一種寫法 :
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
s = requests.Session()
url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陸地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的頁面地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
}
res1 = s.post(url1, data=data)
res2 = s.post(url2)
print(resp2.content)
- 其他的一些請求方式
>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
>>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
>>> r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")
遇到的問題:
在cmd下執(zhí)行，遇到個小錯誤:
UnicodeEncodeError:'gbk' codec can't encode character u'\xbb' in
position 23460: illegal multibyte sequence
分析:
1贺归、Unicode是編碼還是解碼
UnicodeEncodeError
很明顯是在編碼的時候出現(xiàn)了錯誤
2淆两、用了什么編碼
'gbk' codec can't encode character
使用GBK編碼出錯
解決辦法：
確定當前字符串，比如
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
r = requests.get(url)
print r.encoding
>utf-8
已經(jīng)確定html的字符串是utf-8的牧氮，則可以直接去通過utf-8去編碼琼腔。
print r.text.encode('utf-8')
參考鏈接：官方文檔
