The Economist [03] | Lifelong learning 終身學(xué)習(xí) Part 2
The classic model of education—a burst at the start and top-ups?through company training—is breaking down. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work rather than metal-bashing. The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.
Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialised training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.
At the same time on-the-job training is shrinking. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.
The classic model of education[傳統(tǒng)的教育模式]—a burst[強化] at the start and top-ups[補足]? through company training—is breaking down[失效].?在青少年時強化學(xué)習(xí)瞻坝，之后通過公司培訓(xùn)加以補充善镰，這種傳統(tǒng)的教育模式正在失效。
One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills.?原因之一是需要新的技能并闲，而且還要不斷更新。
Manufacturing increasingly calls for[需要] brain work?[腦力勞動]rather than metal-bashing[體力勞動].?制造業(yè)越來越多地需要腦力而非蠻力宗弯。
【call for】
to need or?deserve?a?particular?action,?remark, or?quality需要塑顺；值得；應(yīng)該
This?calls?for a?celebration!這值得慶祝一下笔咽！
It's the?sort?of?work?that?calls?for a high?level?of?concentration.這類工作需要注意力高度集中。
He told you that you were an?idiot? Well, I don't?think?that was called for?(= I?think?it was?rude?and not?deserved)!他說你是白癡霹期？那么叶组，我覺得真是太不應(yīng)該了！
The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs[常規(guī)辦公職位] declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015.?從1996年到2015年历造，常規(guī)辦公職位在美國勞動力中所占的比例從25.5%下降到21%甩十。
The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.?單一穩(wěn)定的職業(yè)生涯已經(jīng)像旋轉(zhuǎn)式名片夾一樣一去不返了船庇。
Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives[人生初期] is not the way to cope[解決]. 在人生初期讓人們接受更高程度的正規(guī)教育并非解決之道。
【cope】
verb? UK? ?/k??p/? US? ?/ko?p/
to?deal?successfully with a?difficult?situation（成功地）對付侣监，應(yīng)付鸭轮，處理
It must be really hard to cope?with?three?young?children?and a?job.要照顧3個小孩還要工作肯定不容易。
It's only been a?year?since he?died?- how's she coping?我的車輪在濕滑的路面上總打滑橄霉。
He had so much?pressure?on him in his?job?that?eventually?he just couldn't cope.他工作壓力太大窃爷，最后便扛不住了。
Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. 僅有16%的美國人認(rèn)為四年的大學(xué)教育足以讓學(xué)生找到一份好工作姓蜂。
Although a vocational education[職業(yè)教育] promises[確保] that vital first hire[重要的第一份工作], those with specialised training tend to[傾向于] withdraw from[退出] the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.?盡管職業(yè)教育能確保找到至關(guān)重要的第一份工作按厘，但接受專門培訓(xùn)的人往往比接受普通教育的人更早退出勞動大軍，可能是因為前者適應(yīng)性較弱钱慢。
At the same time on-the-job training[在職培訓(xùn)] is shrinking[縮小].與此同時逮京，在職培訓(xùn)也在萎縮。
【shrink】
verb?UK? ?/?r??k/? US? ?/?r??k/? shrank,?shrunk
to?become?smaller, or to make something?smaller（使）縮小束莫，（使）變小
Your?sweater?will shrink if you?wash?it at too high a?temperature.用溫度過高的水洗毛衣懒棉，毛衣會縮水。
The company's?profits?have shrunk?from?$5.5 million?to?$1.25 million.公司利潤從550萬英鎊減少到了125萬英鎊览绿。
The?productivity?improvements?have shrunk?our?costs?by?25?percent.生產(chǎn)率的提高使我們的成本下降了25%策严。
In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. 在美國和英國，在職培訓(xùn)在過去20年里下降了大概一半饿敲。
Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills.自雇人群正在增多妻导，令更多的人要為自己的技能負(fù)責(zé)。
Taking time out later in life[在年紀(jì)較大的時候] to pursue a formal qualification[一個正規(guī)的資質(zhì)] is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards[適合于] youngsters诀蓉。在年紀(jì)較大的時候抽出時間獲得一個正規(guī)的資質(zhì)是一種選擇栗竖，但要投入成本暑脆，而且大多數(shù)院校是針對年輕人開設(shè)的渠啤。
【gear sth towards/to ?sb/sth?】
to?design?or?organize?something so that it is?suitable?for a?particular?purpose,?situation, or?group?of?people使適合于…；使與…相適應(yīng)
Most?public?places?are?simply?not geared to the?needs?of?people?with?disabilities.大多數(shù)公共場所根本不能適應(yīng)殘疾人的需要添吗。
The?workshops?are geared towards?helping?people?to?become?more?employable.研習(xí)班旨在幫助學(xué)員提高就業(yè)能力沥曹。
These?advertisements?are geared towards a?younger?audience.這些廣告的對象是年輕的觀眾。
The classic model of education[傳統(tǒng)的教育模式]—a burst[強化] at the start and top-ups[補足]? through company training—is breaking down[失效]. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing increasingly calls for[需要] brain work?[腦力勞動]rather than metal-bashing[體力勞動]. The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs[常規(guī)辦公職位] declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.
在青少年時強化學(xué)習(xí)碟联，之后通過公司培訓(xùn)加以補充妓美，這種傳統(tǒng)的教育模式正在失效。原因之一是需要新的技能鲤孵，而且還要不斷更新壶栋。制造業(yè)越來越多地需要腦力而非蠻力。
從1996年到2015年普监，常規(guī)辦公職位在美國勞動力中所占的比例從25.5%下降到21%贵试。單一穩(wěn)定的職業(yè)生涯已經(jīng)像旋轉(zhuǎn)式名片夾一樣一去不返了琉兜。
Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives[人生初期] is not the way to cope[解決]. Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education[職業(yè)教育] promises[確保] that vital first hire[重要的第一份工作], those with specialised training tend to[傾向于] withdraw from[退出] the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.
在人生初期讓人們接受更高程度的正規(guī)教育并非解決之道。僅有16%的美國人認(rèn)為四年的大學(xué)教育足以讓學(xué)生找到一份好工作毙玻。盡管職業(yè)教育能確保找到至關(guān)重要的第一份工作豌蟋，但接受專門培訓(xùn)的人往往比接受普通教育的人更早退出勞動大軍，可能是因為前者適應(yīng)性較弱桑滩。
At the same time on-the-job training[在職培訓(xùn)] is shrinking[縮小]. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life[在年紀(jì)較大的時候] to pursue a formal qualification[一個正規(guī)的資質(zhì)] is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards[適合于] youngsters.
與此同時梧疲，在職培訓(xùn)也在萎縮。在美國和英國运准，在職培訓(xùn)在過去20年里下降了大概一半幌氮。自雇人群正在增多，令更多的人要為自己的技能負(fù)責(zé)戳吝。?在年紀(jì)較大的時候抽出時間獲得一個正規(guī)的資質(zhì)是一種選擇浩销，但要投入成本，而且大多數(shù)院校是針對年輕人開設(shè)的听哭。
原文選自《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》 2017年1月14日 Leaders 版塊 Lifelong Learning文章
單詞釋義來源：劍橋字典網(wǎng)頁版??https://dictionary.cambridge.org
原文鏈接：https://gbr.economist.com/articles/view/5878aaadffe2d6434a24290c/en_GB/zh_CN
翻譯鏈接：https://gbr.economist.com/articles/view/5878aaadffe2d6434a24290c/zh_CN/en_GB
更多英語閱讀聽力口語內(nèi)容慢洋，請關(guān)注
微信公眾號MyEnglishTrip
我是Eva??
一個認(rèn)真學(xué)英語的美少女??
