第九周

1、總結(jié)ip分類以及每個(gè)分類可以分配的IP數(shù)量

IP地址由兩部分組成

• 網(wǎng)絡(luò)ID：標(biāo)識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)暮芭，每個(gè)網(wǎng)段分配一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)ID朴肺，處于高位
• 主機(jī) ID：標(biāo)識(shí)單個(gè)主機(jī)黔牵，由組織分配給各設(shè)備留攒，處于低位

IP地址分類.png

2煤惩、總結(jié)IP配置方法

使用掩碼將IP地址分成，網(wǎng)絡(luò)ID和主機(jī)ID稼跳。

劃分子網(wǎng)：將一個(gè)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)（主機(jī)數(shù)多）劃分成多個(gè)小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)（主機(jī)數(shù)少）盟庞，主機(jī)ID位數(shù)變少吃沪，網(wǎng)絡(luò)ID位數(shù)變多汤善，網(wǎng)絡(luò)ID位向主機(jī)ID位借位

合并超網(wǎng)：將多個(gè)小網(wǎng)絡(luò)合并成一個(gè)大網(wǎng)，主機(jī)ID位向網(wǎng)絡(luò)ID位借位

3、使用nmcli實(shí)現(xiàn)bonding

共7種模式：0-6 Mode红淡，主要使用Mod1 不狮，和Mode4.

• 第?種模式：Mode=1，即： (active-backup) Active-backup policy（主-備份策略）
  特點(diǎn)：只有?個(gè)設(shè)備處于活動(dòng)狀態(tài)在旱，當(dāng)?個(gè)宕掉另?個(gè)?上由備份轉(zhuǎn)換為主設(shè)備摇零。mac地址是外部可?得，從外?看來(lái)桶蝎，bond的MAC地址是唯?的驻仅，以避免switch(交換機(jī))發(fā)?混亂。此模式只提供了容錯(cuò)能?登渣；由此可?此算法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以提供??絡(luò)連接的可?性噪服，但是它的資源利?率較低，只有?個(gè)接?處于?作狀態(tài)胜茧，在有 N 個(gè)?絡(luò)接?的情況下粘优，資源利?率為1/N。
• 第五種模式：mod=4呻顽，即：(802.3ad) IEEE 802.3adDynamic link aggregation（IEEE 802.3ad 動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接聚合）
  特點(diǎn)：創(chuàng)建?個(gè)聚合組雹顺，它們共享同樣的速率和雙?設(shè)定。根據(jù)802.3ad規(guī)范將多個(gè)slave?作在同?個(gè)激活的聚合體下廊遍。
  必要條件：
  條件1：ethtool?持獲取每個(gè)slave的速率和雙?設(shè)定嬉愧。
  條件2：switch(交換機(jī))?持IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation。
  條件3：?多數(shù)switch(交換機(jī))需要經(jīng)過(guò)特定配置才能?持802.3ad模式喉前。

mode4需要交換機(jī)支持英染，下面以Mode=1做演示。

#新增加兩塊網(wǎng)卡eth1和eth2被饿，將這兩塊網(wǎng)卡做綁定
NAME                UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
eth0                fed95e28-f18c-4d8c-8f33-cdad1c41eb48  ethernet  eth0   
Wired connection 1  6b9ef669-fa55-350e-9d77-e6796abddfae  ethernet  eth1   
Wired connection 2  d6631399-4c3b-3b62-9706-280623374e99  ethernet  eth2 
# 添加一個(gè)bond接口為bond0
nmcli connection add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup,miimon=1000"
root@centos8 ~]$nmcli device status
DEVICE  TYPE      STATE                                  CONNECTION         
eth0    ethernet  connected                              eth0               
eth1    ethernet  connected                              Wired connection 1 
eth2    ethernet  connected                              Wired connection 2 
bond0   bond      connecting (getting IP configuration)  bond0              
lo      loopback  unmanaged  
#給bond0添加接口
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bond con-name bond0-port1 ifname eth1 master bond0
Connection 'bond0-port1' (09b090c2-7952-434a-ae19-d2305ab5db69) successfully added.
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bond con-name bond0-port2 ifname eth2 master bond0
Connection 'bond0-port2' (961f2fd4-66f4-4343-95c3-6a42bfe9149a) successfully added.
#給bond0 添加ip地址四康，網(wǎng)關(guān)，dns
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.addresses '192.168.1.48' ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.252 ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5
# 激活connection:
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection up bond0-port1
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection up bond0-port2
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection up bond0
#使bond0開機(jī)有效
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection modify bond0 connection.autoconnect-slaves 1
# 再次激活connection:
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection up bond0
# 驗(yàn)證
[root@centos8 ~]$nmcli connection show 
NAME                UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
eth0                fed95e28-f18c-4d8c-8f33-cdad1c41eb48  ethernet  eth0   
bond0               33380509-8f1e-4747-8a8a-f13caa786b7b  bond      bond0  
bond0-port1         09b090c2-7952-434a-ae19-d2305ab5db69  ethernet  eth1   
bond0-port2         961f2fd4-66f4-4343-95c3-6a42bfe9149a  ethernet  eth2   
bond0               6c059a6a-9cde-4ced-a13e-78fd7c69655d  bond      --     
bond0               7d8a2468-754e-4dbb-80b6-73fef65bbfaf  bond      --     
Wired connection 1  6b9ef669-fa55-350e-9d77-e6796abddfae  ethernet  --     
Wired connection 2  d6631399-4c3b-3b62-9706-280623374e99  ethernet  --    
[root@centos8 ~]$cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: eth1
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:93:21:27
Slave queue ID: 0

Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:93:21:31
Slave queue ID: 0
[root@centos8 ~]$

參考：https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/configuring_and_managing_networking/configuring-network-bonding_configuring-and-managing-networking#configuring-a-network-bond-using-nmcli-commands_configuring-network-bonding