2016年5月24日功課

THE GREEKS

希臘人

MEANWHILE THE INDO-EUROPEAN TRIBE OF THE HELLENES WAS TAKING POSSESSION OF GREECE

同時(shí)拥峦，古希臘的印歐民族正逐漸控制了希臘。

2016年5月25日功課

THE Pyramids were a thousand years old and were beginning to show the first signs of decay, and Hammurabi, the wise king of Babylon, had been dead and buried several centuries, when a small tribe of shepherds left their homes along the banks of the River Danube and wandered southward in search of fresh pastures. They called themselves Hellenes, after Hellen, the son of Deucalion and Pyrrha. According to the old myths these were the only two human beings who had escaped the great flood, which countless years before had destroyed all the people of the world, when they had grown so wicked that they disgusted Zeus, the mighty God, who lived on Mount Olympus.

矗立了千年的金字塔開始褪去昔日的光輝抹竹，巴比倫的圣王漢謨拉比也已經(jīng)入土幾個(gè)世紀(jì)摄职。這時(shí)一個(gè)小的游牧民族離開自己的家鄉(xiāng)旭咽，沿著多瑙河向南逡巡裁蚁，在沿岸尋找新鮮的牧草串塑。他們自稱為赫倫人（一般譯作古希臘人）舰讹，以丟卡利翁與皮拉的兒子赫楞的名字命名庵寞。根據(jù)遠(yuǎn)古傳說狸相，丟卡利翁和皮拉是唯一兩個(gè)逃脫大洪水的人。很久很久以前捐川，世人不講道德作惡多端卷哩，并且藐視住在奧林匹斯山的天神宙斯，被那場(chǎng)大洪水完全消滅属拾。

2016年5月26日功課

Of these early Hellenes we know nothing. Thucydides, the historian of the fall of Athens, describing his earliest ancestors, said that they ``did not amount to very much,'' and this was probably true. They were very ill-mannered. They lived like pigs and threw the bodies of their enemies to the wild dogs who guarded their sheep. They had very little respect for other people's rights, and they killed the natives of the Greek peninsula (who were called the Pelasgians) and stole their farms and took their cattle and made their wives and daughters slaves and wrote endless songs praising the courage of the clan of the Ach?ans, who had led the Hellenic advance-guard into the mountains of Thessaly and the Peloponnesus.

關(guān)于赫倫人（古希臘人）将谊，我們什么也不知道。古雅典的歷史學(xué)家修昔德底斯渐白，描述他們?cè)甲嫦日f“他們?cè)跀?shù)量上確實(shí)不多”尊浓，這應(yīng)該是事實(shí)。他們一點(diǎn)不懂得禮儀纯衍。他們像豬一樣生活栋齿，他們把敵人的尸體直接用來喂看管羊群的野狗，毫不顧及他人的權(quán)利。他們殺戮希臘半島的土著居民（他們被稱作佩拉斯基人）瓦堵，并且搶奪土著的耕地和牲畜基协，霸占他們的妻子和女兒為奴隸。他們寫了無數(shù)的歌曲稱頌亞加亞人的勇氣菇用，亞加亞人在古希臘進(jìn)入塞薩利群山和伯羅奔尼薩半島時(shí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了先鋒部隊(duì)澜驮。

2016年5月27日功課

But here and there, on the tops of high rocks, they saw the castles of the ?geans and those they did not attack for they feared the metal swords and the spears of the ?gean soldiers and knew that they could not hope to defeat them with their clumsy stone axes.

但是，在高高的巖石上惋鸥，他們總能看到愛琴人的城堡杂穷。迫于愛琴人士兵的金屬刀劍和長(zhǎng)矛，他們不敢攻擊愛琴人卦绣，因?yàn)樗麄冎钡接米约罕孔镜氖豢赡艿钟鶒矍偃说氖勘?/p>

For many centuries they continued to wander from valley to valley and from mountain side to mountain side.Then the whole of the land had been occupied and the migration had come to an end.

幾百年來耐量，他們?cè)谌荷綅{谷之間不停的游蕩。差不多占領(lǐng)了整片土地滤港，但這批移民的還日子也到頭了廊蜒。

That moment was the beginning of Greek civilisation. The Greek farmer, living within sight of the ?gean colonies, was finally driven by curiosity to visit his haughty neighbours. He discovered that he could learn many useful things from the men who dwelt behind the high stone walls of Mycen?, and Tiryns.

希臘文明的時(shí)代逐漸到來。希臘農(nóng)夫與愛琴人的殖民地并肩而居溅漾，最后在好奇心的驅(qū)使下訪問了他們這個(gè)傲慢的鄰居山叮。希臘人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以向居住在邁錫尼和梯林斯城堡里的那些人學(xué)習(xí)許多東西。

2016年5月28日功課

He was a clever pupil. Within a short time he mastered the art of handling those strange iron weapons which the ?geans had brought from Babylon and from Thebes. He came to understand the mysteries of navigation. He began to build little boats for his own use.

古希臘人是一個(gè)機(jī)靈的學(xué)生樟凄。只用了很短的時(shí)間聘芜，他們就學(xué)會(huì)怎樣使用鋼鐵武器兄渺。那是愛琴人從巴比倫人和底比斯人哪里學(xué)來的缝龄。他也掌握了航海的秘密。希臘人開始制造小船自己使用挂谍。

2016年5月30日功課

And when he had learned everything the ?geans could teach him he turned upon his teachers and drove them back to their islands. Soon afterwards he ventured forth upon the sea and conquered all the cities of the ?gean. Finally in the fifteenth century before our era he plundered and ravaged Cnossus and ten centuries after their first appearance upon the scene the Hellenes were the undisputed rulers of Greece, of the ?gean and of the coastal regions of Asia Minor. Troy, the last great commercial stronghold of the older civilisation, was destroyed in the eleventh century B.C. European history was to begin in all seriousness.

當(dāng)古希臘人從愛琴人身上學(xué)到了所有能學(xué)的東西以后叔壤，就拋棄了他們的這個(gè)老師，并把他們趕回了他們的島嶼上口叙。他們就在海上四面出擊炼绘，很快就占領(lǐng)了愛琴海所有的城市。距今1500年前妄田，他們洗劫了克諾索斯俺亮。在他們第一次登上歷史舞臺(tái)1000年之后，赫倫人成為了希臘疟呐、愛琴海以及整個(gè)小亞細(xì)亞海域無可爭(zhēng)議的霸主脚曾。特洛伊這個(gè)昔日強(qiáng)大的舊文明體系貿(mào)易重鎮(zhèn)，在公元前11世紀(jì)被摧毀启具。認(rèn)真的說本讥，歐洲歷史即將開啟。