Part 3 The development of the knowledge economy 知識經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展

There have long been markets in tin, cocoa, silver and the like. There used to be security in thinking that somewhere there was a product, something you could touch and see. Now there are new markets in abstractions, trade in ideas and knowledge. Everyone has knowledge but they used to be no way to trade it--except through jobs. That simple fact of economic life was the basis for white collar employment for centuries. The whole job culture grew up because there was no alternative way to sell knowledge, other than the worker or manager providing, for a fixed price, his or her knowledge to an employer to own or control. The quantity of knowledge provided has typically been measured in time.

錫山孔，可可豆婚脱，銀和其他類似產(chǎn)品有一個漫長的貿(mào)易市場玛迄。在過去曾經(jīng)有一個保守的想法是產(chǎn)品都是可以觸摸到并且可以看到。現(xiàn)在有一個抽象的新市場悬垃，點子和知識的交易。每個人都有知識菜拓，但是在過去沒有方式進(jìn)行交易-除了通過工作梯捕。 那樣經(jīng)濟生活的一個簡單的事實是幾個世紀(jì)的雇傭關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。整個雇傭制文化的發(fā)展是應(yīng)為沒有其他替代的方法去銷售知識铆铆，除了給工人或者經(jīng)理提供一份固定的薪水蝶缀，他/她的知識是給雇傭者擁有或者控制。提供的知識數(shù)量通常是按照時間來衡量薄货。

But today we stand at the threshold of a new era. The information economy has matured and become smarter. According to many business commentators, we are now living in a knowledge economy. There has always been a market for knowledge, of course. The publishing industry is based on it. But today the internet is making the distribution of knowledge ever easier. The days when the publisher decided what got published are over. Any one with a PC and a modern can talk to the world. This is reducing the friction in the knowledge economy.

但是今天我們站在了一個新紀(jì)元的開始翁都。信息經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)成熟并且變得越來越靈活。根據(jù)很多商業(yè)評論員說谅猾，我們正生活在一個知識經(jīng)濟的時代柄慰。當(dāng)然鳍悠，有一個知識的市場。出版業(yè)就是基于此坐搔。但是今天互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在使得知識的流通變得更加的容易藏研。出版商決定出版什么的時代已經(jīng)結(jié)束。任何人概行，只要你擁有一個電腦和一個連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的調(diào)制解調(diào)器蠢挡，你就能更全世界交談。在知識經(jīng)濟中這正在減少摩擦占锯。

Everyone has knowledge of what ever industry she or he is in. Say you are a computer dealer, for example. Over the years you have compiled a list of the ten best lowest price places to buy whole sale computer equipment. Now you can sell your knowledge to newer, younger computer dealers who have no way to build up this knowledge without losing thousands of pounds finding it out the hard way. Until now, such knowledge remained securely locked in the recipient's head, accumulated and then worthlessly withered away. This no longer needs to be the case. Such knowledge can be sold via websites.

每個人都擁有他或她所在行業(yè)的知識袒哥。比如說你是一個電腦經(jīng)銷商缩筛。這些年來消略，你已經(jīng)收集了一個列表，列表中有10個最低的價格去批發(fā)電腦設(shè)備∠古祝現(xiàn)在你能賣這些知識給一個新的艺演，年輕的電腦經(jīng)銷商，那些年輕人不花上上千英鎊沒有辦法建立起這樣的知識體系桐臊。直到現(xiàn)在胎撤，這樣的知識還妥善的保留在那些有這樣知識的頭腦中，積累断凶，然后毫無價值的慢慢消失伤提。這種情況不在會發(fā)生。這樣的知識可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)被銷售认烁。

Knowledge has a distinct advantage in today's marketplace: it's a renewable resource. Better yet, its worth actually increases. "Knowledge is the only asset that grows with use," observes Stanford University Professor Paul Romer. But what exactly is knowledge and how can it be packaged to trade an open market? "knowledge is experiential information, intelligence applied through and gained from experience." say Joseph Pine and James Gilmore in their book The Experience Economy.

在今天的市場中肿男，知識有一個顯著的優(yōu)點：知識是一個可再生的資源。 甚至更好却嗡，他的價值實際商是不斷的增加舶沛。“知識是唯一隨著不斷使用而增長的資產(chǎn)”窗价，斯坦福大學(xué)的教授Paul Romer觀察說如庭。但是什么是精確的定義知識并如何能夠包裝對外進(jìn)行銷售呢？“知識是一種經(jīng)驗的信息撼港，通過應(yīng)用的智慧坪它，并能夠通過經(jīng)驗獲取，Joseph Pine和James Gilmore在他們的經(jīng)驗經(jīng)濟這本書中寫道帝牡。

The value of knowledge often depends on variables such as time and the credibility of the seller. Certain knowledge may have a very limited shelf life. Insights concerning how to set up an internet business in one country, might be worth a fortune on one day and nothing the next, depending on changes in government policy. Markets in knowledge will be significant: for one thing, they represent one of the most original uses of the web technology. In some corner of the globe there is a company wanting to source plastic widgets from Poland, and somewhere else another company that wishes to set up a plastics factory there. It's simply a case of connecting the two.

知識的價格經(jīng)常取決于一些易變的因素往毡，比如說時間和賣家的信譽。某一些知識可能有一個非常有限的期限否灾。關(guān)注于如何在一個國家建立一個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的遠(yuǎn)見可能在一天非常有價值卖擅，但是在后一天卻一文不值，他們都非常依賴于政府的政策。知識的市場將變得重要：對于一件事惩阶，他們代表最基礎(chǔ)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的使用挎狸。在全球的一些角落，有一個公司想要從波蘭采購一些塑料配件断楷，同事在一些地方锨匆，另一些公司想要在那里建立一個塑料的工廠。這是一個簡單的將兩者連接起來的例子冬筒。

Indicater.com is a good example of a knowledge trader. It is targeted at food service managers throughout the hospitality industry. "We started with the context rather than extracting money from suppliers" explains founder Mike Day. "We offer food service professionals interactive support to increase sales and profits.People don't want anther one-dimensional site full of advertising that doesn't help them to do their job more effectively. It has to be customised, offering real solutions to real problems" The site's features include access to online training and a tariff tracker so restaurants can check prices throughout the sector.

Indicater.com就是一個很好的關(guān)于知識貿(mào)易的例子恐锣。這個網(wǎng)站的目標(biāo)是貫穿整個餐飲業(yè)的食品服務(wù)的經(jīng)理∥杼担“我們從內(nèi)容著手土榴，而不是從供應(yīng)商獲得利潤”。這個網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)始人Mike Day解釋說响牛＄枨荩“我們提供專業(yè)的食品服務(wù)相互支持來增加銷售和利潤。人們不想要另一個同樣的網(wǎng)站呀打，那些網(wǎng)站上充滿了不能讓他們工作更高效的廣告矢赁。我們的網(wǎng)站是定制的，提供現(xiàn)實問題的解決方案”贬丛。這個網(wǎng)站的特點包括含有在線的培訓(xùn)和價目表的更新撩银，因此餐館能夠查詢到整個地區(qū)的價格。