本文主要參考 uWSGI的文檔
1. nginx
安裝
sudo apt-get install nginx
啟動(dòng)功蜓、停止和重啟
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
或者
sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart
2. uWSGI安裝
用python的pip安裝最簡單:
apt-get install python-dev #不安裝這個(gè),下面的安裝可能會(huì)失敗
pip install uwsgi
3. 基于uWSGI和nginx部署Django
1.原理
the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django
2.基本測試
測試uWSGI是否正常
在django項(xiàng)目的根目錄下創(chuàng)建test.py文件铛绰,添加源碼如下:
# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return ["Hello World"] # python2
#return [b"Hello World"] # python3
然后慌闭,Run uWSGI:
uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
參數(shù)含義:
-
http :8000
: 使用http協(xié)議俐镐,8000端口 -
wsgi-file
test.py: 加載指定文件 test.py
打開下面url筐喳,瀏覽器上應(yīng)該顯示hello world
http://example.com:8000
如果顯示正確贺待,說明下面3個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是通暢的:
the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python
測試Django項(xiàng)目是否正常
首先確保project本身是正常的:
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
如果沒問題岭妖,使用uWSGI把project拉起來:
uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
-
module mysite.wsgi
: 加載wsgi module
如果project能夠正常被拉起临庇,說明以下環(huán)節(jié)是通的:
the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django
3.配置nginx
安裝nginx完成后,如果能正常打開http://hostname
昵慌,說明下面環(huán)節(jié)是通暢的:
the web client <-> the web server
增加nginx配置
- 將
uwsgi_params
文件拷貝到項(xiàng)目文件夾下假夺。uwsgi_params
文件在/etc/nginx/
目錄下,也可以從這個(gè)頁面下載 - 在項(xiàng)目文件夾下創(chuàng)建文件
mysite_nginx.conf
,填入并修改下面內(nèi)容:
# mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen 8000;
# the domain name it will serve for
server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
charset utf-8;
# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste
# Django media
location /media {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required
}
location /static {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
}
# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
這個(gè)configuration文件告訴nginx從文件系統(tǒng)中拉起media和static文件作為服務(wù)斋攀,同時(shí)相應(yīng)django的request
在/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
目錄下創(chuàng)建本文件的連接已卷,使nginx能夠使用它:
sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
部署static文件
在django的setting文件中,添加下面一行內(nèi)容:
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
然后運(yùn)行:
python manage.py collectstatic
測試nginx
首先重啟nginx服務(wù):
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
然后檢查media文件是否已經(jīng)正常拉起:
在目錄/path/to/your/project/project/media directory
下添加文件meida.png
蜻韭,然后訪問http://example.com:8000/media/media.png 悼尾,成功后進(jìn)行下一步測試。
4.nginx and uWSGI and test.py
執(zhí)行下面代碼測試能否讓nginx在頁面上顯示hello, world
uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
訪問http://example.com:8000 ,如果顯示hello world
肖方,則下面環(huán)節(jié)是否通暢:
the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python
用UNIX socket取代TCP port
對(duì)mysite_nginx.conf
做如下修改:
server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
# server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
重啟nginx闺魏,并在此運(yùn)行uWSGI
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py
打開 http://example.com:8000/ ,看看是否成功
如果沒有成功:
檢查 nginx error log(/var/log/nginx/error.log)俯画。如果錯(cuò)誤如下:
connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission
denied)
添加socket權(quán)限再次運(yùn)行:
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive)
or
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)
5.Running the Django application with uswgi and nginx
如果上面一切都顯示正常析桥,則下面命令可以拉起django application
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664
Configuring uWSGI to run with a .ini file
每次都運(yùn)行上面命令拉起django application實(shí)在麻煩,使用.ini文件能簡化工作,方法如下:
在application目錄下創(chuàng)建文件mysite_uwsgi.ini
泡仗,填入并修改下面內(nèi)容:
# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]
# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = /path/to/your/project
# Django's wsgi file
module = project.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home = /path/to/virtualenv
# process-related settings
# master
master = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
現(xiàn)在埋虹,只要執(zhí)行以下命令,就能夠拉起django application:
uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini # the --ini option is used to specify a file
Make uWSGI startup when the system boots
編輯文件/etc/rc.local
, 添加下面內(nèi)容到這行代碼之前exit 0
:
/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --socket /path/to/mysite.sock --module /path/to/mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666
uWSGI的更多配置
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings # set an environment variable
pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid # create a pidfile
harakiri = 20 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds
limit-as = 128 # limit the project to 128 MB
max-requests = 5000 # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log # background the process & log